1、大学英语四级 62及答案解析(总分：746.58，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a welcome speech on behalf of the department to welcome Professor Thomas to give a lecture. You should write at least 120 words according to the guidelines given below
2、in Chinese. 假设你所在的化学系邀请著名化学教授(Thomas)做讲座，请你写一篇欢迎词。内容主要包括： 1表示热情欢迎 2简要介绍教授的情况 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Rainforests Did you know there are two types of Rainforestthe temperate and the tropical? Tropical rainforests are found close to the equator. Temperate rainforests are found
3、 along coasts in the temperate zone, such as the Pacific Northwest of the USA. Both are endangered! Rainforests Endangered! Today only about three percent of the original temperate rainforest in the U. S. A. remains, mostly inside Olympic National Park in Washington State. Prior to the arrival of ho
4、mesteaders just over a century ago, the Olympic Peninsula contained more than a million acres of old-growth spruce and hemlock. Because of habitat destruction, many plants and animals have become “island dwellers“ inside the park now. Tropical rainforests comprise only 40% of the worlds tropical for
5、ests and only 20% of the worlds total forests. They cover 6%7% of the Earths land surface. Half of the worlds plant and animal species live in the tropical rainforests of the world. Thirty acres of trees are cut in the tropical rainforests every minute. As you read this, tropical rainforests are shr
6、inking. Each second a portion of rainforest the size of a football field is destroyed or damaged. What Makes the Tropical Rainforest Special? -The rainforests are home to half of the Earths plant and animal species. -They are winter homes to many birds that breed in temperate latitudes. -Tropical ra
7、inforests are some of the most beautiful wildernesses on our planet. -They are home to tribal cultures that have survived successfully in the forests for many thousands of years. -The forests are a potential source of medicinal plants that may benefit everyone on Earth. -The ecosystem of the rainfor
8、est is based on the most complex interdependence of plants and animals. This is both the forests strength and its weakness: highly specialized organisms are particularly vulnerable to disturbance, because they cannot adapt fast enough to survive the change. -Tropical rainforests help maintain global
9、 rain and weather patterns. Much of the water that evaporates from the trees returns in the form of rainfall. Removal of the forest can change the natural rainfall patterns. Tropical Rainforest Layers Tropical rainforests have four layers: Emergent Layer These giant trees thrust above the dense cano
10、py layer(树冠层) and have huge mushroom-shaped crowns. These trees enjoy the greatest amount of sunlight but also must endure high temperatures, low humidity, and strong winds. Canopy Layer The broad, irregular crowns of these trees form a tight, continuous canopy 60 to 90 feet above the ground. The br
11、anches are often densely covered with other plants (epiphytes) and tied together with vines (lianas). The canopy is home to 90% of the organisms found in the rain forest; many seeking the brighter light in the treetops. Understory Receiving only 2%15% of the sunlight that falls on the canopy, the un
12、derstory is a dark place. It is relatively open and contains young trees and leafy herbaceous plants that tolerate low light. Many popular house plants come from this layer. Only along rivers and roadways and in treefall and cut areas is sunlight sufficient to allow growth to become thick and impene
13、trable Forest Floor The forest floor receives less than 2% of the sunlight and consequently, little grows here except plants adapted to very low light. On the floor is a thin layer of fallen leaves, seeds, fruits, and branches that very quickly decomposes. Only a thin layer of decaying organic matte
14、r is found, unlike in temperate deciduous (落叶性的) forests. Soil and Nutrient Recycling Most tropical rainforest soils are relatively poor in nutrients. Millions of years of weathering and torrential rains have washed most of the nutrients out of the soil. More recent volcanic soils, however, can be v
15、ery fertile. Tropical rain forest soils contain less organic matter than temperate forests and most of the available nutrients are found in the living plant and animal material. Nutrients in the soil are often in forms that are not accessible by plants. Constant warmth and moisture promote rapid dec
16、ay of organic matter. When a tree dies in the rainforest, living organisms quickly absorb the nutrients before they have a chance to be washed away. When tropical forests are cut and burned, heavy rains can quickly wash the released nutrients away, leaving the soil even more impoverished. Causes of
17、Destruction Tropical rainforests are being cut at an alarming rate. Although estimates vary, some scientists believe that we are losing an area of rainforest the size of Pennsylvania each year. If deforestation continues at this rate we may lose rainforests altogether within the next one hundred yea
18、rs. Tropical deforestation occurs for a number of reasons. As human populations increase in tropical regions, people move away from the overcrowded cities into the forest areas where they practice small-scale farming. Commercial agricultural projects may require conversion of large plots of rainfore
19、st land and may cause more permanent damage. Logging of forests for firewood, charcoal, building materials, and other wood products is another cause of deforestation. The conversion of rainforest to pasture land for cattle ranching has led to the destruction of millions of acres of forest. Mining fo
20、r gold, bauxite from which aluminum is made, and other minerals can lead to the drastic destruction of the land. Once the land is scarred by mining efforts it is left vulnerable to massive erosion. Other events and issues such as natural disasters, war, the construction of dams, and poverty in devel
21、oping countries also contribute to the destruction of tropical rainforests. What Can You Do to Help Save the Tropical Rainforest? Preserving tropical rainforests involves more than just deciding not to cut trees. Social, political and economic factors all need to be taken into consideration. The fol
22、lowing are some suggestions about how you can contribute to the solution. -Learn more about tropical rainforests and the plants and animals, including people, which live there. Investigate the complex issues surrounding deforestation and possible solutions through further reading. -Write letters to
23、your congressional representatives or your local paper to express concern about the destruction of the tropical rainforests. The more you know about the topic and issues, the more specific you can be in suggesting actions you would like your elected officials to take. -Visit tropical countries to se
24、e the rainforest. Gaining firsthand experience is one of the best ways to develop an understanding of and commitment to an issue. -Work to protect tropical rainforests and their indigenous peoples. -Think globally and act locally. Practices at home, like the ones listed below, can have an impact on
25、the preservation of rainforests. -Recycling aluminum cans reduces the need for bauxite, which must be mined from the ground in tropical countries. Bauxite is the source of aluminum. -Buy only pets which were captive bred here in the United States. Those which were not bred here may have been taken f
26、rom the wild and imported illegally from tropical countries. When purchasing tropical woods for furniture or construction, investigate the source of the wood to determine whether it was grown in a sustainable manner. In all things you do, practice the environmentally sound use and reuse of our resou
27、rces. This will not only have a positive impact on the tropical rainforest but on all the ecosystems of the world. （分数：71.00）(1).The passage gives a general description of the tropical rainforests.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Tropical rainforests comprise only 40% of the worlds tropical forests and only 2
28、0% of the worlds total forests.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).The ecosystem of the rainforest is based on the most complex interdependence of plants and animals.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).The rainforests are home to one-third of the Earths plant and animal species.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).The giant trees above th
29、e dense canopy layer(树冠层) cannot enjoy sunlight.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).When people cut and burn tropical forests, heavy rains can wash the released nutrients away, leaving the soil even more fertile.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Tropical rain forest soils contain less volcanic soils than temperate forests.
30、（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Commercial agricultural projects may require conversion of large plots of rainforest land and may cause_.（分数：7.10）_(9).When purchasing tropical woods for furniture or construction, investigate the source of the wood to determine whether it was grown in_.（分数：7.10）_(10).To prese
31、rve tropical rainforests, social, political and economic factors all need to be_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.4B.3C.7D.8A.She baked the cake herself.B.She bought it from the shop.C.She wants the man to bake it for her.D.The bakery baked the cake.A.To buy some potatoes.B.To pass
32、him some potatoes.C.To have some potatoes.D.To help him cook some potatoes.A.Jim looks nice in anything.B.Jim doesnt look nice in the new shirt.C.Jim does not look nice in the old shirt.D.He wants Jim to lend him that shirt.A.The rain has stopped.B.She wants to soak her clothes.C.She is looking for
33、her clothes.D.Its raining heavily.A.She will give him something to write.B.She doesnt know who took away his notebook.C.She wants to borrow some paper for him.D.He can borrow a notebook from her.A.She wants to go in another day.B.It will depend on the weather.C.Its a nice day to go to class.D.Some o
34、f them can go swimming.A.He is very surprised to have such a bad weather.B.He doesnt think the train will be late.C.The train is late because of bad weather.D.Nobody will be surprised that the train is late.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.They were going to the mall.B.They were riding an elevator.C.The
35、y were thinking about the stairs.D.They were carrying a heavy box upstairs.A.She usually gets to work at 3: 30.B.She usually gets to work at 3:45.C.She usually gets to work at 4:00.D.She usually gets to work at 4:15.A.They are strangers.B.They are colleagues.C.They are friends.D.They are neighbors.A
36、.Her husband keeps changing jobs.B.Her husband is neglectful of the family.C.Her whole family live around the poverty line.D.Her husband yells at her.A.Parents can not dress children well.B.They have to live in a small apartment.C.They have to drive an old car.D.Parents yell out about the poverty.A.
37、Joint custody.B.Children.C.Visitation rights.D.A large estate.A.The woman will demand all they have.B.The woman will demand a little support payments.C.The woman will demand all estate.D.The woman will demand half of all and large support payments.A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.Six.A.The rent is going to b
38、e too expensive for her.B.She doesnt like her present apartment.C.The present apartment hasnt enough rooms.D.There are too many problems with the apartment.A.Around her area.B.In another area.C.In the neighborhood.D.Downtown.A.September 24, 2005B.May, 2006C.June, 2006D.March, 2006A.the Writing secti
39、onB.the Listening sectionC.the Structure sectionD.the Essay sectionA.two yearsB.one yearC.two monthsD.three yearsA.They strongly believe in family rules.B.They are very likely to succeed in life.C.They tend to take responsibility for themselvesD.They are in the habit of obeying their parents.A.They
40、grow up to be funny and charming.B.They often have a poor sense of direction.C.They get less attention from their parents.D.They tend to be smart and strong-willed.A.They usually dont follow family rules.B.They dont like to take chances in their lives.C.They are less likely to be successful in life.
41、D.They tend to believe in their parents ideas.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, (36) 1to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky. If you say to your children “Im sorry I got (37) 2with you, but.“
42、what follows that “but“ can render the apology ineffective; “I had a bad day“ or “your (38) 3was giving me a headache“ leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be (39) 4for his bad behavior instead of expecting an apology. Another method by which people appear to apologize witho
43、ut (40) 5doing so is to say “Im sorry youre upset“; this suggests that you are somehow at (41) 6for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done. Then there is the general, all (42) 7apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was (43) 8hurtful or insul
44、ting, and which the person who is should promise never to do again. (44) 9. But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. (45) 10. And that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apolo
45、gy. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other childrens expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
46、1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we “fit“ in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must ju
47、dge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on. The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change through our life. Most of us can, at very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to
