1、大学英语四级 60 及答案解析(总分：746.58，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about foreign fast food. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 洋快餐在中国受欢迎的现象； 2. 洋快餐在中国受欢迎的原因； 3. 洋快餐存在的问题。 （分数：30.00）_二、Re
2、ading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Cholesterol and Heart Disease Do you know your cholesterol level? Many people dont. A high level of cholesterol in the blood is an important risk factor for heart disease. Some people say that the danger of heart disease is exaggerated. However, heart disease is a m
3、ain cause of death in developed countries. Every year more than one million Americans have heart attacks, and half of them die. People With heart disease suffer chest pains that make simple activities, such as walking, shaving, or taking a shower, difficult. Research has proven that cholesterol leve
4、ls are Connected with heart disease. One project in Massachusetts has studied the same group of men and women since 1948. The researchers have found that the people who have high levels of cholesterol have more heart attacks. A natural substance in the blood, cholesterol comes from the liver. The am
5、ount of cholesterol is affected by diet and by physical qualities we inherit from our parents. One kind of cholesterol sticks fat to the walls of arteries, making them smaller and finally blocking them. It produces a condition called “hardening of the arteries,“ which causes heart attacks. With tiny
6、 cameras, doctors can see blood circulating through the heart valves. Angiograms (血管造影照片) are x-rays of the heart arteries. They show fat deposits and blockages caused by high cholesterol. Heart disease begins in children as young as 3 years old. It occurs earlier in boys than in girls. Nearly half
7、of teenagers have some fat deposits on their artery walls. Heart disease develops faster if we have high cholesterol levels and also smoke. What is a safe level of cholesterol? Adults have a high risk of heart attack if their cholesterol level is above 240 milligrams per deciliter (1/10 公升) of blood
8、. Below 200 is better. In the Massachusetts study, no one with a cholesterol level below 150 has ever had a heart attack. However, about half of American adults have cholesterol levels above 200. To lower our cholesterol level, we must change our eating habits. Anything that comes from an animal is
9、high in fat and high in cholesterol. The American Heart Association National Cholesterol Education Program says that fat should be no more than 30 percent of our diet. Blood cholesterol levels start to fall after 2 to 3 weeks of following a low-cholesterol, low-fat diet. Dietary changes alone can re
10、sult in a 10 percent reduction of the average persons cholesterol level. Aerobic exercise helps, too. Artery blockage can be reduced by as much as 40 percent through changes in diet and amount of exercise. We must educate everyone, including children in elementary schools. We must teach them respons
11、ibility for their health through classes in nutrition and aerobic exercise. For example, the smart snack is fruit. Children must be served fruit in the school cafeteria, along with low-fat meals. Schools must send recipes home with the children. Parents must include children in planning and preparin
12、g meals and shopping for food. Adults, including persons over the age of sixty five, can lower their cholesterol by 30 or 40 percent. It is never too late to change. One man began his health program when he was seventy- three. By the time he was seventy-seven, he had lowered his arterial blockage fr
13、om 50 percent to 13 percent and his cholesterol from 320 to 145 without drugs. He went on a vegetarian diet with only 10 percent fat, plus programs to reduce stress and get more exercise. A low-cholesterol diet that cuts out most animal products and high-fat vegetables may be unfamiliar to people. T
14、he Heart Association says to use no added fat of any kind. Dont fry food in oil. Cook it in water, vinegar, or vegetable water. Learn about grains and vegetables. Avoid egg yolks (the yellow part of the egg). Eat potatoes, beans, low fat vegetables, and fruit. People often complain about low-fat die
15、ts before they have had time to get used to them. Food can taste good without cream, butter, and salt. You can use olive oil, mustard, fresh herbs, or yogurt instead. A new diet can cause general anxiety, when people feel worried and nervous about what is going to happen. They must learn to deal wit
16、h the changes in their lives. Sometimes major changes in diet or lifestyle are easier than minor ones because the results are bigger and faster. Fast results encourage us. How can you control the amount of fat in your diet if you eat in restaurants? Restaurants must provide healthy meals that are lo
17、w in fat, salt, and cholesterol. A diet is a personal thing. Restaurant owners should not make customers feel embarrassed because they want to follow a diet that is good for them. Restaurant owners must learn to give equal service to customers on a healthy diet. Some restaurants have items on the me
18、nu marked with a heart to show that they are low in fat, cholesterol, salt, or sugar. A few restaurants serve only these recipes. Heart disease causes one out of every four deaths in East Harlem in New York City. The East Harlem Healthy Heart Program is an educational program. It has 2 goals: to get
19、 people to change their diets and to find volunteers to help run educational activities. One way it educates is by street shows. Actors wear costumes and carry big pieces of plastic fat. They entertain so people will listen. Groups of children perform songs and dances that educate people about heart
20、 disease and diet. Volunteers lead walking and exercise groups to show people how to begin exercising. Volunteers also stand in supermarkets to suggest healthy food choices to shoppers. The volunteers have shoppers taste two kinds of milk to see which tastes better. Most people are surprised that th
21、e low-fat milk tastes better than the whole milk. Shoppers are encouraged to buy low-fat milk instead of whole milk. Education costs money, but it also brings results. In 1983, only 35 percent of the American public knew their cholesterol levels. By 1990, 65 percent of the people had had theirs chec
22、ked. People feel better if they lower their cholesterol through diet. Healthy people are more confident. They are more attractive to themselves, as well as to others. Their friends stare at them because they look so healthy. We can prevent heart disease by living a healthful lifestyle and eating the
23、 right kind of diet. If people dont do this, two out of three men and women in America will eventually get heart disease. （分数：71.00）(1).No direct relationship has been proven between high cholesterol levels and heart attacks. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Boys have a higher risk of developing heart disease
24、 than girls. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Old people shouldnt bother to change their eating habits because its too late for it to do them any good. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Low-fat diets always taste bad. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).It can be easier to change our diet a lot than to change it a little. （分数：7.10）A
25、.YB.NC.NG(6).More than twice as many people had their blood cholesterol levels checked in 1990 as in 1983 . （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).The article deals with the link between cholesterol and heart disease and the suggestions to pre- vent them. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Children should learn more responsibi
26、lity or their health through 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).One of the educational activities in East Harlem Healthy Heart Program is 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Consumers are encouraged to buy low-fat milk rather than 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Two blocks.B.Five blocks.C.Three b
27、locks.D.Four blocks.A.He suggests that she buy the sweater in another color.B.He suggests that she buy a jacket instead of the sweater.C.He suggests that she buy the sweater at its original price.D.He suggests that she buy the sweater on Friday.A.It was cleaned.B.There was a large sale.C.The employe
28、es had to work very late.D.There was a robbery.A.Be a bad boy.B.Eat too fast.C.Go to a game.D.Skip his lunch.A.A salesman.B.A telephone repairmanC.A plumber.D.An electrician.A.She didnt understand what Eva was saying.B.Eva should have been more active.C.Eva didnt seem to be nervous at all during her
29、 presentation.D.Eva needs training in public speaking lessons.A.Whether to change his job.B.Asking for a higher salary.C.Accepting a new secretary.D.Getting a better position.A.He could help her with the problems.B.He could go out together with her.C.She should go out for a while.D.She should do the
30、 problems herself.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Supply usually outnumbers demand.B.Demand usually outnumbers supply.C.Supply is usually equal to demand.D.When supply exceeds demand, prices rise.A.Manufacturers advertise their products in newspapers.B.Manufacturers advertise their products through son
31、gs.C.Manufacturers advertise their products by sponsoring sporting eventsD.Manufacturers advertise their products through salesgirls.A.The cinema.B.The television.C.The newspaper.D.The radio.A.The importance of advertising.B.Various ways of advertising.C.The successes and failures of advertising.D.T
32、he causes, methods and effects of advertising.A.Because he was sick.B.Because he had an accident.C.Because he was almost hit by a car.D.Because he almost hit a child on the road.A.He was talking to a friend.B.He was reading a newspaper.C.He was thinking of something important.D.He was reading an int
33、eresting novel.A.The man was in the wrong.B.The woman was in the wrong.C.The driver was in the wrong.D.No one of the three was in the wrong.A.Huge increase in the number of public relations companies.B.Shrinking cultural differences.C.New communications technologies.D.PR efforts in other countries.A
34、.Because British companies are more ambitious than US companies.B.Because British companies place more importance on PR than US companies.C.Because British companies are heavily involved in planning activities.D.Because four of the worlds top PR agencies are British-owned.A.The Wall Street Journal.B
35、.The Financial Times.C.The Economist.D.The Observer.A.Her husband had got a higher position.B.Her husband had lost his job.C.She wanted to have a cleaner house.D.She wanted to move to New York.A.His telephone went out of order.B.The buyers had to leave soon.C.He began to work at 8 a. m.D.He had made
36、 an appointment with her for 8 a. m.A.They considered her lazy.B.They saw something they had never seen.C.They considered her foolish.D.They saw something familiar to them.A.The liberation movement of British women.B.Rapid economic development in Britain.C.Changing attitudes to family life.D.Reasons
37、 for changes in family life in Britain.A.Because millions of men died in the war.B.Because women had proved their worth.C.Because women were more skillful than men.D.Because factories preferred to employ women.A.The concept of “the family“ as a social unit.B.The attitudes to birth control.C.The atti
38、tudes to religion.D.The ideas of authority and tradition.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When young people get their first real jobs, they face a lot of new, (36) 1 situations. They may find that everything is different from the way things were at school. It is also possible that they will feel uncomfort
39、able and (37) 2 in both professional and social situations. (38) 3, they realize that university classes cant be the only preparation for all of the different situations that (39) 4 in the working world. Perhaps the best way to learn how to behave in the working world is to (40) 5 a worker you admir
40、e and observe his (41) 6. (42) 7 doing so, you will be able to see what it is that you admire in this person. For example, you will observe how he can act in a (43) 8. Perhaps even more important, (44) 9. While you are observing your colleague, you should be asking yourself whether his is like yours
41、 and how you can (45) 10. (46) 11, you will probably begin to and adopt good working habits. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they
42、 developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do. In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of thei
43、r fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world. What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much the
44、y have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among
45、the Arctic (北极的) peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles. Because toys can be generally regarded as
46、a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent (进步). The progress from a rattle (拔浪鼓) used by a baby in 3000 BC to one used by an infant today, ho
47、wever, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials. （分数：177.50）(1).The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that _.（分数：35.50）A.their soc
48、ial roles are rigidly determinedB.most boys would like to follow their fathers professionsC.boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothersD.they like challenging activities(2).One aspect of “the universality of toys“ lies in the fact that _.（分数：35.50）A.technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toysB.the improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universitiesC.the exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toysD.the basic characteristics of
