1、大学英语四级 54及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the information shown in the following table. Write the conclusions you draw from the figures about the various ways in which people spent their holidays i
2、n 2000 as compared with 2006. Attempt to explain the reasons for these differences. Remember to write your composition neatly. （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Wisdom Teeth Wisdom teeth are the last teeth to erupt. This occurs usually between the ages of 17 and 25. There remains a gr
3、eat deal of controversy regarding whether or not these teeth need to be removed. It is generally suggested that teeth that remain completely buried or un-erupted in a normal position are unlikely to cause harm. However, a tooth may become impacted due to lack of space and its eruption is therefore p
4、revented by gum (齿龈), bone, another tooth or all three. If these impacted teeth are in an abnormal position, their potential for harm should be assessed. What are the Indications for Removing Wisdom Teeth? Wisdom teeth generally cause problems when they erupt partially through the gum. The most comm
5、on reasons for removing them are: Decay Saliva, bacteria and food particles can collect around an impacted wisdom tooth, causing it, or the next tooth to decay. It is very difficult to remove such decay. Pain and infection will usually follow. Gum Infection When a wisdom tooth is partially erupted,
6、food and bacteria collect under the gum causing a local infection. This may result in bad bream, pain, and swelling. The infection can spread to involve the cheek and neck. Once the initial episode occurs, each subsequent attack becomes more frequent and more severe. Pressure Pain Pain may also come
7、 from the pressure of me erupting wisdom tooth against other teem. In some cases this pressure may cause the erosion of these teeth. When is the Best Time to Have Wisdom Teeth Removed? It is now recommended by specialists mat impacted wisdom teeth be removed between the ages of 14 and 22 years wheth
8、er they are causing problems or not Surgery is technically easier and patients recover much more quickly when they are younger. What is a relatively minor operation at 20 can become quite difficult in patients over 40. Also the risk of complications increases with age, and the healing process is slo
9、wer. Should a Wisdom Tooth be Removed When an Acute Infection is Present? Generally, no. Surgery in the presence of infection can cause infection to spread and become more serious. Firefly, the infection must be controlled by local oral hygiene (卫生) and antibiotics (抗生素). The Pros and Cons of Wisdom
10、 Tooth Removal Some Pros of Removing a Wisdom Tooth: Wisdom teeth may be hard to access with your toothbrush. Over time, the accumulation of bacteria, sugars and acids may cause a cavity to form in the tooth. If it is not restored with a filling, the cavity(洞) may spread and destroy more tooth struc
11、ture causing severe consequences to the tooth and surrounding supportive structures. Due to the difficulty of keeping these teem clean with your daily home care, bacteria and food debris remaining on the wisdom teeth may present a foul smell-causing bad breath. A wisdom tooth that is still under the
12、 gums in a horizontal position (rather than a vertical position) may exert pressure to the surrounding teeth, causing crowding and crooked teeth. This also may occur if there is not enough space in the mouth for the wisdom tooth. This may warrant braces to repair the damage. Some Cons of Removing th
13、e Wisdom Teeth: Depending on the size shape and position of the tooth, removal can vary from a simple extraction to a more complex extraction. With a simple extraction, there is usually little swelling and/or bleeding. More complex extraction will require special treatment which may result in more b
14、ruising, swelling and bleeding. However, your dental professional will provide you with post treatment instructions to minimize these side effects. Following an extraction, a condition called “dry socket“ may occur. If the blood clot (凝结) that formed in the extraction area becomes removed, it expose
15、s the underlying bone. This condition is very painful, but resolves after a few days. It is preventable by following the post treatment instructions provided by your dental professional. The longer you wait and the older you get, there is the potential for more problems to occur. This is because as
16、you get older, the bone surrounding the tooth becomes more dense, making the tooth more difficult to remove. The healing process may also be slower. Post Operative Care: Do Not Disturb the Wound In doing so you may invite irritation, infection and/or bleeding. Chew on die oppo?site side for the firs
17、t 24 hours. Do not Smoke for 12 Hours Smoking will promote bleeding and interfere with healing. Do Not Spit or Suck Through a Straw This will promote bleeding and may remove the blood clot, which could result in a dry socket. Control of Bleeding If the area is not closed with stitches, a pressure pa
18、ck made of folded sterile (消毒的) gauze (纱布) pads will be placed over die socket. It is important that this pack stay in place to control bleeding and to encourage clot formation. The gauze is usually kept in place for 30 minutes. If the bleeding has not stopped once the original pack is removed, plac
19、e a new gauze pad over the extraction site. Control of Swelling After surgery, some swelling is to be expected. This can be controlled through the use of cold packs, which slow the circulation. A cold pack is usually placed at the site of swelling during the first 24 hours in a cycle of 20 minutes o
20、n and 20 minutes off. After the first 24 hours, it is advisable to rinse (漱口) with warm saltwater every two hours to promote healing, (one teaspoon of salt to eight ounces of warm water). Medication for Pain Control Pills such as Aspirin can be used to control minor discomfort following oral surgery
21、. Stronger medicines may be prescribed by the dentist if the patient is in extreme discomfort. Diet and Nutrition A soft diet may be prescribed for the patient for a few days following surgery. Following the removal of your wisdom teeth it is important that you call your dentist if any unusual bleed
22、ing, swelling or pain occurs. The first 6-8 hours after the extraction are typically the worst, but are manageable with ice packs and non-prescription pain medication. You should also plan to see your dentist approximately one week later to ensure everything is healing well. It is very important to
23、talk to your dentist about extraction procedure, risks, possible complications and outcomes of the removal of these teeth. The actual extraction may be done by a dentist or it may be referred to an oral surgeon, who is a specialist. This decision is based on the dentists preference and the unique fe
24、atures of each individual case. If you are unsure about whether or not to proceed with the treatment suggested by your dental professional, it is a good idea to get a second opinion. If you decide after consulting with a dentist not to have any teeth extracted, they should be monitored at every dent
25、al visit. （分数：71.00）(1).Dentists have reached an agreement that wisdom teeth should be removed in case it leads to other problems.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).The best time to remove the impacted wisdom teeth is between the ages of 14 and 22 years because surgery is technically easier and patients recover
26、 much more quickly.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).If there is an infection, the first thing to do is to stop it before get the wisdom tooth removed.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Wisdom tooth may become the cause of bad breath.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Removing the wisdom teeth involves very complex extraction.（分数：7.1
27、0）A.YB.NC.NG(6).After you get the wisdom teeth extracted youd better not spit or suck through a straw.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).After your wisdom tooth is removed, you should rinse with warm water every morning for two weeks.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).If the position of the impacted teeth is abnormal, it i
28、s advisable to weigh_.（分数：7.10）_(9).Even if you have decided not to get your wisdom teeth removed, you still have to have them_.（分数：7.10）_(10).The painful time during the first 6-8 hours after the removal of the tooth can be controlled with_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.A snowst
29、orm.B.An earthquake.C.A traffic accident.D.A hurricane.A.Angry.B.Hungry.C.Tired.D.Dissatisfied.A.It is the best city hes ever visited.B.It was worse than he had expected.C.It is difficult to get around in the city.D.The hotel service is terrible in the city.A.Unemployment.B.Family breakup.C.Mental p
30、roblems.D.Drinking.A.The woman is the mans boss.B.The man is the womans husband.C.The woman is the headmaster of a school.D.The woman wants to know something about a student.A.Skiing.B.Tennis.C.Swimming.D.Golf.A.He isnt very hungry right now.B.He regularly eats at this restaurant.C.The selection on
31、the menu is limited.D.He doesnt want salad with his lunch.A.The man is a football fan.B.The man needs the womans help.C.The man didnt watch TV last night.D.The man often has power failure at home.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.A working boy.B.An advertiser.C.A middle school student.D.A college student
32、.A.His home is too far away.B.The dorm is too noisy.C.He doesnt like pop music.D.There is no dorm available.A.The young man doesnt keep a pet.B.The young man is good at bargaining.C.No one would like to rent her apartment if she doesnt do so.D.She prefers to rent her apartment to an industrious youn
33、g man.A.$100.B.$150.C.$155.D.$160. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A.The mans lateness for class.B.The topic for their class presentation.C.The presentations of other students.D.Their bad luck and the Murphys Law.A.Because his car was broken.B.Because no one gave
34、 him a ride.C.Because it was a 30-minute bus ride.D.Because the bus ride was safe in bad weather.A.Business.B.Literature.C.History.D.Meteorology.A.60.B.45.C.30.D.20.A.He has had thirteen decayed teeth.B.He doesnt have a single decayed tooth.C.He has fewer decayed teeth than all other people.D.He nev
35、er had a single tooth pulled out.A.Coca Cola.B.Sausage.C.Milk.D.Fried chicken.A.Brush your teeth right before you go to bed in the evening.B.Have as few of your teeth pulled out as possible.C.Have your teeth X-rayed at regular intervals.D.Clean your teeth shortly after eating.A.Walking under a tree.
36、B.Hiding from the storm under a tree.C.Sitting on the ground under a tree.D.Running from under a tree to home.A.He felt nervous.B.He felt his room changed.C.He felt his face half in water.D.He felt he was trembling.A.Doctors believe that Edwards was never really blind or deaf.B.Edwards saw something
37、 after he was struck.C.Edwards lost his sight in a car accident.D.Edwards was unconscious for twenty minutes after he was struck.A.Seasonal variations in nature.B.How intelligence changes with the change of seasons.C.How we can improve our intelligence.D.Why summer is the best season for vacation.A.
38、Summer.B.Winter.C.Fall.D.Spring.A.All people are less intelligent in summer than in the other seasons of the year.B.Heat has no effect on peoples mental abilities.C.People living near the equator are the most intelligent.D.Both climate and temperature exert impact on peoples intelligence.六、Section C
39、(总题数：1，分数：10.00)American society is not nap friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep (36) 1at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. “Theres even a (37) 2against admitting we need sleep.“ Nobody wants to be caught napping or found (38) 3at work. To quote a proverb: “Some sleep five
40、hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and (39) 4eleven.“ The way not to fall at work is to take naps when you need them. “We have to totally change our (40) 5toward napping“, says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research. Last year a national commission led by
41、 Dement (41) 6an “American sleep debt“ which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was (42) 7about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing (43) 8accidents or falling while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent re
42、ports, the President is trying to take a half hour nap every afternoon. (44) 9. We seem to have “a mid-afternoon quiet phase“ also called “a secondary sleep gate“. (45) 10. Clearly, we were born to nap. We Superstars of Snooze dont nap to replace lost shut eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather
43、, we “snack“ on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Demands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that
44、similar needs are felt in the rest of Europe. Studies by the Council of Europe, of which 21 countries are members, have shown that 45 per cent of reptile(爬行的)species and 24 per cent of butterflies are in danger of dying out. European concern for wildlife was outlined by Dr. Peter Baum, an expert in
45、the environment and nature resources division of the council, When he spoke at a conference arranged by the administrators of a British national park. The park is one of the few areas in Europe to hold the council s diploma for nature reserves of the highest quality, and Dr. Baum had come to present
46、 it to the park once again. He was afraid that public opinion was turning against national parks, and that those set up in the 1960s and 1970s could not be set up today. But Dr. Baum clearly remained a strong supporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in peace in
47、 their own right. No area could be expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as a tourist attraction, he went on. The shortsighted view that reserves had to serve immediate human demands fur out door recreation should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as places to preserve nature for the future. “We forget that they are the guarantee of life systems, on which any built-up area ultimately depends, “Dr. Baum went on, “We could manage without most industrial products, but we could not manage without nature. However, our natural environment areas, which are t
