1、大学英语四级 41及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic College English Teaching in China according to the following outline (given in Chinese). Your composition should be no less than 120 words. Remember to wri
2、te your composition on the Answer Sheet 1 clearly and neatly. 1. 有人认为中国的大学英语教学很不成功。 2. 失败的原因是 3. 我的建议 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY It seems like every day there is a new announcement in the news about automobiles powered by fuel cells. The promises are great,
3、 since fuel cells have the potential to very quickly double the efficiency of cars while significantly reducing air pollution. At the same time, there have been news stories for decades about the problems associated With petroleum. Everything from oil spills to ozone(臭氧) alerts to global warming get
4、s blamed on our dependence on fossil(化石) fuels. These two forces are leading the world toward what is broadly known as the hydrogen economy. If the predictions are true, over the next several decades we will all begin to see an amazing shift away from the fossil fuel economy we have today toward a m
5、uch cleaner hydrogen future. Problems with the fossil fuel economy While fossil fuels have played an important role in getting society to the point it is at today, there are four big problems that fossil fuels create: Air pollution-When cars burn gasoline, the internal combustion engine also produce
6、s: Carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas Nitrogen oxides, the main source of urban smog Unburned hydrocarbons, the main source of urban ozone Environmental pollution-The process of transporting and storing oil has a big impact on the environment whenever something goes wrong. An oil spill, pipeline explo
7、sion or well fire can create a huge mess. Global warmingThe carbon dioxide coming out of every cars tailpipe is a greenhouse gas that is slowly raising the temperature of the planet. The ultimate effects are unknown, but it is a strong possibility that, eventually, there will be dramatic climate cha
8、nges that affect everyone on the planet. Dependence-The United States, and most other Countries, cannot produce enough oil to meet demand, so they import it from oil-rich countries. That creates an economic dependence. When Middle East oil producers decide to raise the price of oil, the rest of the
9、world has little choice but to pay the higher price. Advantages of the hydrogen economy The hydrogen economy promises to eliminate all of the problems that the fossil fuel economy creates. Therefore, the advantages of the hydrogen economy include: The elimination of pollution caused by fossil fuels-
10、When hydrogen is used in a fuel cell to create power, it is a completely clean technology. The only byproduct is water. There are also no environmental dangers like oil spills to worry about with hydrogen. The elimination of greenhouse gases-If the hydrogen comes from the electrolysis of water, then
11、 hydrogen adds no greenhouse gases to the environment. There is a perfect cycle-electrolysis produces hydrogen from water, and the hydrogen recombines with oxygen to create water and power in a fuel cell. The elimination of economic dependence-The elimination of oil means no dependence on the Middle
12、 East and its oil reserves. Distributed production-Hydrogen can be produced anywhere that you have electricity and water. People can even produce it in their homes with relatively simple technology. The problems with the fossil fuel economy are so great, and the environmental advantages of the hydro
13、gen economy so significant, that the push toward the hydrogen economy is very strong. Technological Hurdles(障碍) The big question with the hydrogen economy is, “Where does the hydrogen come from?“ After that comes the question of transporting, distributing and storing hydrogen. Hydrogen tends to be l
14、arge and tricky in its natural gaseous form. Once both of these questions are answered in an economical way, the hydrogen economy will be in place. Where does the hydrogen come from? There are two possible sources for the hydrogen: Electrolysis of water-Using electricity, it is easy to split water m
15、olecules to create pure hydrogen and oxygen. One big advantage of this process is that you can do it anywhere. For example, you could have a box in your garage producing hydrogen from tap water, and you could fuel your car with that hydrogen. Reforming fossil fuels-Oil and natural, gas contain hydro
16、carbons-molecules consisting of hydrogen and carbon. Using a device called a fuel processor or a reformer, you can split the hydrogen off the carbon in a hydrocarbon relatively easily and then use the hydrogen. You discard the leftover carbon to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. The second option is
17、, of course, slightly perverse(不正当的). You are using fossil fuel as the source of hydrogen for the hydrogen economy. This approach reduces air pollution, but it doesnt solve either the greenhouse gas problem or the dependence problem. However, it may be a good temporary step to take during the transi
18、tion(转变) to the hydrogen economy. The interesting thing about the first option is that it is the core of the real hydrogen economy. To have a pure hydrogen economy, the hydrogen must be derived from renewable sources rather than fossil fuels so that we stop releasing carbon into the atmosphere. Havi
19、ng enough electricity to separate hydrogen from water, and generating that electricity without using fossil fuels, will be the biggest change that we see in creating the hydrogen economy. Where will the electricity for the electrolysis of water come from? Currently, about 68 percent of the electrici
20、ty produced in the United States comes from coal or natural gas. All of that generating capacity will have to he replaced by renewable sources in the hydrogen economy. Right now there are several different ways to create electricity that do not use fossil fuels: Nuclear power Hydroelectric dams Sola
21、r cells Wind turbines Geothermal power Wave and tidal power Co-generation How do you store and transport the hydrogen? Hydrogen is a large gas of its kind, and it is not nearly as easy to work with as gasoline. Compressing the gas requires energy, and compressed hydrogen contains far less energy tha
22、n the same volume of gasoline. However, solutions to the hydrogen storage problem are surfacing. For example, hydrogen can be stored in a solid form in a chemical called sodium borohydride. Once the storage problem is solved and standardized, then a network of hydrogen stations and the transportatio
23、n infrastructure will have to develop around it. The main barrier to this might be the technological sorting-out process. Stations will not develop quickly until there is a storage technology that clearly dominates the marketplace. For instance, if all hydrogen-powered cars from all manufacturers us
24、ed sodium borohydride, then a station network could develop quickly; that sort of standardization is unlikely to happen rapidly, if history is any guide. Prospects for the future You will hear more and more about the hydrogen economy in the news in the Coming months, because the drumbeat is growing
25、louder. The environmental problems of the fossil fuel economy are combining with breakthroughs(突破) in fuel-cell technology, and the pairing will allow us to take the first steps, The most obvious step we will see is the marketing of fuel-cell-powered vehicles. Although they will be powered initially
26、 by gasoline and reformers, fuel cells represent two major improvements over the internal combustion engine: They are about twice as efficient. They can significantly reduce air pollution in cities. （分数：71.00）(1).The passage gives a general description of the benefits and potential problems of a hyd
27、rogen economy. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).An oil spill can pose a big problem to the environment. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Compared with other major industrialized countries, the United States depends more heavily on oil import. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Even if you have electricity and water, you still cann
28、ot produce hydrogen everywhere. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).In the United States, most of the electricity is generated from coal or natural gas. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).We must derive hydrogen from renewable sources with a view to a pure hydrogen economy. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).So far, there seems to be n
29、o solution in sight as to how the hydrogen can be stored. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Possible sources for the hydrogen are both electrolysis of water and _. （分数：7.10）_(9).If the storage problem is _ and _, a network of hydrogen stations and the transportation infrastructure will have to develop around i
30、t. （分数：7.10）_(10).Concerning the future of the hydrogen economy, the most obvious step we will take is _. （分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.She can do the job.B.She could call a friend.C.Shes just switched off the light.D.Shes already replaced the shelf.A.They want to go downtown.B.H
31、e wants to go to the park, but she doesnt.C.He doesnt know where to park the car.D.He wants to find out where the park is.A.Company and customer.B.Repairman and customer.C.Teacher and students parent.D.Wife and husband.A.She didnt like working in a company.B.She disliked machines.C.She was not good
32、at doing business.D.She didnt like accounting.A.He has some money to buy a new car.B.He fails in borrowing enough money from the woman.C.He will spend much money on his house.D.He wants to buy a new house and a new car.A.He had much trouble with his pronunciation.B.He began studying English too earl
33、y.C.No one can understand him.D.He knew nothing about English.A.Frustration.B.Joy.C.Excitement.D.Sorrow.A.He likes to go out of town.B.He cant attend.C.He never attends novel reading.D.He isnt going out of town next week.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.In central London.B.Near a police station.C.By the
34、 tube station.D.On a side street.A.Green.B.Red.C.White.D.Black.A.It was stolen.B.It was given a ticket.C.She couldnt find it.D.She found it towed away by the police.A.She went to a police station nearby.B.She talked to a policeman on patrol.C.She took a taxi as a policeman advised her to do.D.She te
35、lephoned the police for help.A.To go boating on the St. Lawrence River.B.To go sightseeing in Quebec Province.C.To call on a friend in Quebec City.D.To attend a wedding in Montreal.A.Study the map of Quebec Province.B.Find more about Quebec City.C.Brush up on her French.D.Learn more about the local
36、customs.A.Its most beautiful in summer.B.It has many historical buildings.C.It was greatly expanded in the 18th century.D.Its the only French-speaking city in Canada.A.A person is doing a job which he likes very much.B.A person is doing a job which he doesnt like.C.A person is doing a job which he i
37、s not suited for.D.A person is doing a job which he thinks very important.A.Because it will make a person earn a lot of money.B.Because many people in the world dont want to be square pegs.C.Because good jobs make them happy.D.Because it will make full use of their talents.A.Businessmen, managers an
38、d accountants.B.Chemists, physicists and biologists.C.Governors, doctors and teachers.D.Engineers, public servants and news reporters.A.Three minutes.B.Two Minutes.C.One minutes.D.Five minutes.A.To win a competition.B.To break a record.C.To deliver the news of victory.D.To win the first prize.A.Beca
39、use he surpasses the fellow runners.B.Because he still can run.C.Because he overcomes fatigue with his will-power.D.Because he wins the prize.A.Birds have to be taught to navigate.B.A bird that has been caged will not.C.Some birds cannot fly at night.D.Some birds seem instinctively to follow the sta
40、rs when flying at night.A.They migrate from North America to the Falkland Islands.B.They migrate only once during their lifetime.C.They migrate using what is apparently an inborn navigational ability.D.They migrate when they are freed from their cages.A.They find their way by mountain ranges.B.They
41、find their way by coastlines.C.They find their way by river courses.D.They find their way by the three landmarks mentioned above.A.They circle helplessly.B.They fly by radar.C.They use landmarks.D.They use the moon.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Are you afraid to raise your hands in class, even when you
42、 know the answer? If you are, most people would say that youre shy. If you feel shy, youre not (36) 1. Nine out of ten people are at least a little shy. But however shy you are, scientific (37) 2 seems to show that it isnt your (38) 3. You must have been (39) 4 that way. How do psychologists (40) 5
43、shyness? One way is by observation. They keep detailed (41) 6 of peoples actions-like how often these people speak to others, or how long it takes (42) 7 to say hello to a (43) 8. (44) 9. The test only takes about 10 minutes. It asks questions like “Do you like going out a lot?“ and “Do you have man
44、y friends?“ People must answer either yes or no. (45) 10. Suppose the test tells you that is shy, chances are that the person will act shy. When scientists shyness, theyre really comparing degrees of shyness. (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空
45、项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)One airline chief executive officer (CEO) was the master of the personal touch. Spending hours with his employees and getting to know their J9bs, he persuaded them to accept pay cuts in return for an ownership stake. The concession put the company so solid
46、ly in the black that the CEO was able to sell it for $ 860 million. Another CEO scolded managers in front of others, cut one third of the work force and so embittered the survivors that his airline began to lose money, and the board of directors fired him. In any test of knowledge or IQ, the two CEO
47、s would have .dueled to a draw. The difference was their ability to handle relationships, argues Daniel Goleman in his new book, Working With Emotional Intelligence. Building on his 1995 bestseller, Emotional Intelligence, Goleman now probes how El relates to the world of work. As he did in his earlier book, Goleman masterfully explains how a low EI hinder peoples full intellectual potential by flooding the brain with stress hormones that impair memory, learning and thinking. The heart of the book, though, is an analysis of data collected from more than 150 firms on
