1、大学英语四级 36及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Living Expenditure of College Students. You should write at least 120 words following the out line given below in Chinese: 1. 大学生的生活费用安排发生变化； 2. 产生这些变化的原因
2、是什么； 3. 你的看法。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)What causes earthquakes? The earth is formed of layers. The surface of the earth, about 100 kilometers thick, is made of large pieces. When they move against each other, an earthquake hap pens. A large movement causes a violent earthquak
3、e, but a small movement causes a mild one. Earthquakes last only a few seconds. The rolling movements are called seismic waves. The seismic waves start in one place, called the epicenter, and roll outward. A seismic wave travels around the earth is a about twenty minutes. Usually, an. earthquake is
4、strong enough to cause damage only near its epicenter. However, epicenters at the bottom of the ocean create huge sea waves as tall as 15 meters. These waves cross the ocean in several hours. Rushing toward land, they destroy small islands and ships in their path. When they hit land, they flood coas
5、tal areas far from the epicenter of the earthquake. In 1868, a wave reached 4.5 kilometers inland in Peru. In 1896, a wave in Japan killed 27,000 people. After an earthquake happens, people can die from lack of food, water, and medical supplies. The amount of destruction caused by an earthquake depe
6、nds on where it happens, what time it happens, and how strong it is. It also depends on types of buildings, soil conditions, and population. Of the 6000 earthquakes in the world each year, only about fifteen cause great damage and many deaths. In 1556, an earthquake in northern China killed 830,000
7、people-the most in history. There was no way to measure its strength. In 1935, scientists started using the Richter Scale to measure seismic waves. A seriously destructive earthquake measures 6.5or higher on the Richter Scale. How can scientists predict earthquakes? Earthquakes are not just scattere
8、d anywhere but happen in certain areas, places where pieces of the earths surface meet. This pattern causes them to shake the same places many times. For example, earthquakes often occur on the west coasts of North and South America, around the Mediterranean Sea, and along the Pacific coast of Asia.
9、 Another way to predict earthquakes is to look for changes in the earths surface, like a sudden drop of water level in the ground. Some people say animals can predict earthquakes. Before earthquakes, people have seen chickens sitting in trees, fish jumping out of the water, snakes leaving their hole
10、s, and other animals acting strangely. On February 4, 1975, scientists predicted an earthquake in northeastern China and told people in the earthquake zone to leave the cities. More than a million people moved into the surrounding countryside, into safe, open fields away from buildings. That afterno
11、on, the ground rolled and shook beneath the peoples feet, In seconds, 90 percent of the buildings in the city of Haicheng were destroyed. The decision to tel1 the people to leave the cities saved 10,000 lives. However, more than a year later, on July 28, 1976, the scientists were not so lucky. East
12、of Beijing, Chinese scientists were discussing a possible earthquake. During their meeting, the worst earthquake in modern times hit. Estimates of deaths ranged from 250,000 to 695,000. The earthquake measured 7.9 on the Richter Scale. Earthquakes often come together with volcanic eruptions. In late
13、 1984, strong earthquakes began shaking the Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Colombia every day. On November 14, 1985, it erupted. A nearby river became a sea of mud that buried four towns. This disaster killed more than 2100 people, Mexico City has frequent earthquakes. An earthquake there on September 1
14、9, 1985, measured 8.1 on the Richter Scale and killed 7000 people. Most victims died when buildings fell on them. San Francisco, California, also has frequent earthquakes. However, newer buildings there are built to be safe in earthquakes. Therefore, when all earthquake measuring 7.1 on the Richter
15、Scale hit northern California on October 17, 1989, only 67 people were killed. The earthquake hit in the afternoon, when thousands of people were driving home from work. Freeways and bridges broke and fell. Buried under the layers of the Oakland Freeway, people were crushed in their flattened cars.
16、Explosions sounded like thunder as older buildings seemed to burst apart along with the freeways. As the electric power lines broke from the falling bridges and buildings, the sky, covered with huge clouds of black dust, appeared to be filled with lightning. Water rushed into the streets from broken
17、 pipes and mixed with gas from broken gas lines, causing more explosions. Emergency workers had to cope with medical problems. Everyone worked together to save survivors and comfort victims. The next day, the disaster sites looked terrible. Victims couldnt find their houses, their cars, or even thei
18、r streets. Boats were destroyed, and debris covered the surface of the sea. There was no water, no electricity, no telephone, only the smell of garbage floating in melted ice in refrigerators open to the sun, Losses and property. damage from the earthquake amounted to millions of dollars. Seismology
19、 is the study of earthquakes, and a seismologist is a scientist who observes earthquakes. Seismologists have given us valuable knowledge about earthquakes. Their equipment measures the smallest vibration on the surface of the earth. They are trying to find ways to use knowledge about earthquakes to
20、save lives and to help solve the worlds energy shortage. The earths natural activity underground creates energy in the form of heat. Geothermal means earth heat. This geothermal energy could be useful. However, if we take natural hot water out of the earth in earthquake zones, we might cause earthqu
21、akes. People live in earthquake zones because of natural beauty, productive soil, and large existing centers of population. However, people who live there should expect earthquakes. They should be prepared to protect their lives and property. They must build safer buildings and roads. Hospitals and
22、electric power stations must be built as far as possible from probable earthquake sites. When an earthquake starts, people must run to open ground or stay in protected areas like doorways or even bathtubs. If seismologists could predict earthquakes, we could save about 20,000 human lives each year.
23、Humans can control many things about nature, but we cannot control earthquakes. （分数：71.00）(1).Today scientists know something about the causes of earthquakes. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).More people are killed by huge sea waves than by buildings falling. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).The vast majority of the wo
24、rlds earthquakes are mild. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).An earthquake in 1989 destroyed the city of Oakland. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Seismologists can measure the size of sea waves. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Removing water from underground may cause earthquakes. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).The passage gives a gene
25、ral description of the earthquakes destruction. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).The death toll of the earthquake in northern China-the most in history-reached 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Earthquakes often come together with 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).When an earthquake occurs, people must run to open ground or stay
26、in safe areas llke 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.The man doesnt want to see Mr. Williams.B.Mr. Jones is in an inferior position than Mr. Williams.C.Mr. Jones used to be in charge.D.Mr. Williams doesnt want to do tomorrow.A.They need to make more efforts.B.Theyll have mor
27、e work to do tomorrow.C.The others have done the greater part of it.D.Theyve finished more than half of it.A.She was feeling very sorry.B.She felt a bit annoyed.C.She was in a hurry.D.She was in her office.A.Jane was telling a lie.B.The woman wasnt being sincere.C.Jane has already come back from Par
28、is.D.Jane wasnt in Paris that day.A.The knife belongs to him.B.Bob should mind his own business.C.The man once borrowed Bobs knife.D.Bobs knife isnt as good as that of the man.A.Hell miss the meeting that afternoon.B.Hell have an appointment with the host.C.He wont miss the meeting.D.He is very hard
29、working.A.Because she wont fulfill her promise.B.Because her mother would be very angry.C.Because she cant finish the job ahead of schedule.D.Because she would be the last to finish the job.A.He always talks on the phone for that long if its toll free.B.They have so much free time to talk on the pho
30、ne for that long.C.They talked on the phone for too long.D.He wants to know what they talked about.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.A seafood restaurant.B.A very fancy restaurant.C.An exclusive restaurant.D.An Italian restaurant.A.It is urban in tone.B.It is up to date.C.It is expensive.D.It is brillian
31、t in colour.A.Red meat.B.White wine.C.Chicken.D.Dessert and coffee.A.The womans husband.B.The owner of the apartment.C.The apartment manager.D.The tenant who occupies the apartment now.A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.A.Because she thought the apartment was too small.B.Because it was the first apartment s
32、he had seen.C.Because her husband had not seen it.D.Because the rent was too high.A.This evening.B.Tonight.C.Sometime next week.D.Tomorrow.A.Synthetic fuel.B.Solar energy.C.Alcohol.D.Electricity.A.Air traffic conditions.B.Traffic jams on highways.C.Road conditions.D.New traffic rules.A.Go through a
33、health check.B.Carry little luggage.C.Arrive early for boarding.D.Undergo security checks.A.Birds have to be taught to navigate.B.A bird that has been caged will not.C.Some birds cannot fly at night.D.Some birds seem instinctively to follow the stars when flying at night.A.They migrate from North Am
34、erica to the Falkland Islands.B.They migrate only once during their lifetime.C.They migrate using what is apparently an inborn navigational ability.D.They migrate when they are freed from their cages.A.They find their way by mountain ranges.B.They find their way by coastlines.C.They find their way b
35、y river courses.D.They find their way by the three landmarks mentioned above.A.They circle helplessly.B.They fly by radar.C.They use landmarks.D.They use the moon.A.An Indian summer brings warm days and nights.B.An Indian summer occurs only in October.C.An Indian summer is an annual phenomenon.D.An
36、Indian summer lasts many weeks.A.The first period of cold, wintry days in autumn.B.The turning of color and falling of leaves.C.A large mass of warm tropical air carried northward.D.The southwestern winds.A.A short period of fair weather and mild days.B.No definite time of beginning or ending.C.Its
37、end, which signals winters start.D.Soft yellow or orange skies.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For Americans, time is money. They say, “ You only get so much time in this life, youd better use it wisely. “The (36) 1without be better than the past or present, as Americans are (37) 2to see things, unless p
38、eople use their time for constructive activities. Thus, Americans (38) 3a “well-organized“ person, one who has a written list of things to do and a (39) 4for doing them. The ideal person is punctual and is (40) 5of other peoples time. They do not (41) 6peoples time with conversation or other activit
39、y that has no (42) 7beneficial outcome. The American attitude toward time is not (43) 8shared by others, especially non-Europeans. They are more likely to regard time as (44) 9. One of the more difficult things many students must adjust to in the States is the notion that time must be saved whenever
40、 possible and used wisely every day. In this context (45) 10. McDonalds, KFC, and other fast food establishments are successful in a country where many people want to spend the least amount of time preparing and eating meals. As McDonalds restaurants (46) 11, bringing not just hamburgers, but an emp
41、hasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as theyve become wealthier and more worldly-wise. Foreign trav
42、el is a national passion; this summer alone, one in ten citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonalds and Pizza Hut are setting a new s
43、tandard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to “Have a nice day“ has caught on all over Israel. “Nobody wakes up in the morning and says, “Lets be nicer,“ say
44、s Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm. “Nothing happens without competition.“ Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies (垄断者) that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls “the rev
45、engeful (报复的) consumer.“ When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.“ The electric company, whose monopoly m
46、ay be short-lived, has suddenly stopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour. The graceless El A1 Airlines, which is already at auction (拍卖), has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad ca
47、mpaign with the slogan, “You can feel the change in the air.“ For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets. （分数：177.50）(1).It may be inferred from the passage that _.（分数：35.50）A.customer service in Israel is now improvingB.wealthy Israeli customers are hard to pleaseC.t
48、he tourist industry has brought chain stores to IsraelD.Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones(2).In the authors view, higher service standards are impossible in Israel _.（分数：35.50）A.if customer complaints go unnoticed by the managementB.unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbersC.ff theres no competition among companiesD.without strict routine training of employees(3).If someone in Israel today needs a repairman in case of a power failure, _
