1、大学英语四级 32 及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an eye-witness account of a rescue after a traffic accident. You should write no more than 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 假设你在“五一”节乘车回家的路上目
2、击一起救助车祸伤者的情况，就此为当地报社写一份报道。报道须包括以下几点： 1. 车祸发生的时间及地点； 2. 你所见到的车祸救援情况(警方、民众和医护人员等)； 3. 评述人与人之间的这种相互关爱。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY It seems like every day there is a new announcement in the news about automobiles powered by fuel cells. The promises are great, s
3、ince fuel cells have the potential to very quickly double the efficiency of cars while significantly reducing air pollution. At the same time, there have been news stories for decades about the problems associated With petroleum. Everything from oil spills to ozone(臭氧) alerts to global warming gets
4、blamed on our dependence on fossil(化石) fuels. These two forces are leading the world toward what is broadly known as the hydrogen economy. If the predictions are true, over the next several decades we will all begin to see an amazing shift away from the fossil fuel economy we have today toward a muc
5、h cleaner hydrogen future. Problems with the fossil fuel economy While fossil fuels have played an important role in getting society to the point it is at today, there are four big problems that fossil fuels create: Air pollution-When cars burn gasoline, the internal combustion engine also produces:
6、 Carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas Nitrogen oxides, the main source of urban smog Unburned hydrocarbons, the main source of urban ozone Environmental pollution-The process of transporting and storing oil has a big impact on the environment whenever something goes wrong. An oil spill, pipeline explosi
7、on or well fire can create a huge mess. Global warmingThe carbon dioxide coming out of every cars tailpipe is a greenhouse gas that is slowly raising the temperature of the planet. The ultimate effects are unknown, but it is a strong possibility that, eventually, there will be dramatic climate chang
8、es that affect everyone on the planet. Dependence-The United States, and most other Countries, cannot produce enough oil to meet demand, so they import it from oil-rich countries. That creates an economic dependence. When Middle East oil producers decide to raise the price of oil, the rest of the wo
9、rld has little choice but to pay the higher price. Advantages of the hydrogen economy The hydrogen economy promises to eliminate all of the problems that the fossil fuel economy creates. Therefore, the advantages of the hydrogen economy include: The elimination of pollution caused by fossil fuels-Wh
10、en hydrogen is used in a fuel cell to create power, it is a completely clean technology. The only byproduct is water. There are also no environmental dangers like oil spills to worry about with hydrogen. The elimination of greenhouse gases-If the hydrogen comes from the electrolysis of water, then h
11、ydrogen adds no greenhouse gases to the environment. There is a perfect cycle-electrolysis produces hydrogen from water, and the hydrogen recombines with oxygen to create water and power in a fuel cell. The elimination of economic dependence-The elimination of oil means no dependence on the Middle E
12、ast and its oil reserves. Distributed production-Hydrogen can be produced anywhere that you have electricity and water. People can even produce it in their homes with relatively simple technology. The problems with the fossil fuel economy are so great, and the environmental advantages of the hydroge
13、n economy so significant, that the push toward the hydrogen economy is very strong. Technological Hurdles(障碍) The big question with the hydrogen economy is, “Where does the hydrogen come from?“ After that comes the question of transporting, distributing and storing hydrogen. Hydrogen tends to be lar
14、ge and tricky in its natural gaseous form. Once both of these questions are answered in an economical way, the hydrogen economy will be in place. Where does the hydrogen come from? There are two possible sources for the hydrogen: Electrolysis of water-Using electricity, it is easy to split water mol
15、ecules to create pure hydrogen and oxygen. One big advantage of this process is that you can do it anywhere. For example, you could have a box in your garage producing hydrogen from tap water, and you could fuel your car with that hydrogen. Reforming fossil fuels-Oil and natural, gas contain hydroca
16、rbons-molecules consisting of hydrogen and carbon. Using a device called a fuel processor or a reformer, you can split the hydrogen off the carbon in a hydrocarbon relatively easily and then use the hydrogen. You discard the leftover carbon to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. The second option is,
17、of course, slightly perverse(不正当的). You are using fossil fuel as the source of hydrogen for the hydrogen economy. This approach reduces air pollution, but it doesnt solve either the greenhouse gas problem or the dependence problem. However, it may be a good temporary step to take during the transiti
18、on(转变) to the hydrogen economy. The interesting thing about the first option is that it is the core of the real hydrogen economy. To have a pure hydrogen economy, the hydrogen must be derived from renewable sources rather than fossil fuels so that we stop releasing carbon into the atmosphere. Having
19、 enough electricity to separate hydrogen from water, and generating that electricity without using fossil fuels, will be the biggest change that we see in creating the hydrogen economy. Where will the electricity for the electrolysis of water come from? Currently, about 68 percent of the electricity
20、 produced in the United States comes from coal or natural gas. All of that generating capacity will have to he replaced by renewable sources in the hydrogen economy. Right now there are several different ways to create electricity that do not use fossil fuels: Nuclear power Hydroelectric dams Solar
21、cells Wind turbines Geothermal power Wave and tidal power Co-generation How do you store and transport the hydrogen? Hydrogen is a large gas of its kind, and it is not nearly as easy to work with as gasoline. Compressing the gas requires energy, and compressed hydrogen contains far less energy than
22、the same volume of gasoline. However, solutions to the hydrogen storage problem are surfacing. For example, hydrogen can be stored in a solid form in a chemical called sodium borohydride. Once the storage problem is solved and standardized, then a network of hydrogen stations and the transportation
23、infrastructure will have to develop around it. The main barrier to this might be the technological sorting-out process. Stations will not develop quickly until there is a storage technology that clearly dominates the marketplace. For instance, if all hydrogen-powered cars from all manufacturers used
24、 sodium borohydride, then a station network could develop quickly; that sort of standardization is unlikely to happen rapidly, if history is any guide. Prospects for the future You will hear more and more about the hydrogen economy in the news in the Coming months, because the drumbeat is growing lo
25、uder. The environmental problems of the fossil fuel economy are combining with breakthroughs(突破) in fuel-cell technology, and the pairing will allow us to take the first steps, The most obvious step we will see is the marketing of fuel-cell-powered vehicles. Although they will be powered initially b
26、y gasoline and reformers, fuel cells represent two major improvements over the internal combustion engine: They are about twice as efficient. They can significantly reduce air pollution in cities. （分数：71.00）(1).The passage gives a general description of the benefits and potential problems of a hydro
27、gen economy. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).An oil spill can pose a big problem to the environment. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Compared with other major industrialized countries, the United States depends more heavily on oil import. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Even if you have electricity and water, you still cannot
28、 produce hydrogen everywhere. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).In the United States, most of the electricity is generated from coal or natural gas. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).We must derive hydrogen from renewable sources with a view to a pure hydrogen economy. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).So far, there seems to be no
29、solution in sight as to how the hydrogen can be stored. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Possible sources for the hydrogen are both electrolysis of water and _. （分数：7.10）_(9).If the storage problem is _ and _, a network of hydrogen stations and the transportation infrastructure will have to develop around it.
30、 （分数：7.10）_(10).Concerning the future of the hydrogen economy, the most obvious step we will take is _. （分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.She can do the job.B.She could call a friend.C.Shes just switched off the light.D.Shes already replaced the shelf.A.They want to go downtown.B.He
31、wants to go to the park, but she doesnt.C.He doesnt know where to park the car.D.He wants to find out where the park is.A.Company and customer.B.Repairman and customer.C.Teacher and students parent.D.Wife and husband.A.She didnt like working in a company.B.She disliked machines.C.She was not good at
32、 doing business.D.She didnt like accounting.A.He has some money to buy a new car.B.He fails in borrowing enough money from the woman.C.He will spend much money on his house.D.He wants to buy a new house and a new car.A.He had much trouble with his pronunciation.B.He began studying English too early.
33、C.No one can understand him.D.He knew nothing about English.A.Frustration.B.Joy.C.Excitement.D.Sorrow.A.He likes to go out of town.B.He cant attend.C.He never attends novel reading.D.He isnt going out of town next week.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.It was about a little animal.B.It took her six years
34、 to write.C.It was adapted from a fairy tale.D.It was about a little girl and her pet.A.She knows how to write best-selling novels.B.She can earn a lot of money by writing for adults.C.She is able to win enough support from publishers.D.She can make a living by doing what she likes.A.The characters.
35、B.The readers.C.Her ideas.D.Her life experiences.A.She doesnt really know where they originatedB.She mainly drew on stories of ancient saints.C.They popped out of her childhood dreams.D.They grew out of her long hours of thinking.A.He didnt really enjoy it very much.B.He liked its story, but the mus
36、ic was awful.C.He enjoyed every minute of the movie.D.He was excited with the development of the story.A.The usher.B.The people sitting next.C.The people sitting in front of him.D.The people standing in the back.A.The man was cutting jokes all the time.B.The woman was talking about her boss.C.The wo
37、man was making comments on the performance of the actress.D.The man was telling the woman the entire story of the movie.A.They strongly believe in family rules.B.They are very likely to succeed in life.C.They tend to take responsibility for themselvesD.They are in the habit of obeying their parents.
38、A.They grow up to be funny and charming.B.They often have a poor sense of direction.C.They get less attention from their parents.D.They tend to be smart and strong-willed.A.They usually dont follow family rules.B.They dont like to take chances in their lives.C.They are less likely to be successful i
39、n life.D.They tend to believe in their parents ideas.A.Beauty.B.Loyalty.C.Luck.D.Durability.A.He wanted to follow the tradition of his country.B.He believed that it symbolized an everlasting marriage.C.It was thought a blood vessel in that finger led directly to the heart.D.It was supposed that the
40、diamond on that finger would bring good luck.A.The two people can learn about each others likes and dislikes.B.The two people can have time to decide if they are a good match.C.The two people can have time to shop for their new home.D.The two people can earn enough money for their wedding.A.It is th
41、e smallest one of all the stars.B.It is the nearest one to the earth.C.It is the biggest one of all the stars.D.It is the farthest one from the earth.A.The moon.B.Other planets.C.Both A and B.D.Neither A nor B.A.Do much research in many fields of science.B.Understand people in other countries better
42、.C.Both A and B.D.Neither A nor B.A.The earth is a planet.B.Stars in the sky are actually as small as they look.C.Satellites are all made by men.D.Men can conquer other planets.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For Americans, time is money. They say, “ You only get so much time in this life, youd better us
43、e it wisely. “The (36) 1without be better than the past or present, as Americans are (37) 2to see things, unless people use their time for constructive activities. Thus, Americans (38) 3a “well-organized“ person, one who has a written list of things to do and a (39) 4for doing them. The ideal person
44、 is punctual and is (40) 5of other peoples time. They do not (41) 6peoples time with conversation or other activity that has no (42) 7beneficial outcome. The American attitude toward time is not (43) 8shared by others, especially non-Europeans. They are more likely to regard time as (44) 9. One of t
45、he more difficult things many students must adjust to in the States is the notion that time must be saved whenever possible and used wisely every day. In this context (45) 10. McDonalds, KFC, and other fast food establishments are successful in a country where many people want to spend the least amo
46、unt of time preparing and eating meals. As McDonalds restaurants (46) 11, bringing not just hamburgers, but an emphasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)A subject
47、 which seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors and psychologists is the influence of geography and climate on the psychological and physical health of mankind. Them seems no doubt that the general character of the landscape, the relative length of day and night, and the climate must all play a big part in determining what kind of people we are. It is true that a few studies have been made. Where all the inhabitants of a particular area enjoy exceptionally good or bad health, scientists have identified contributory factors such as the presence or absence o
