1、大学英语四级 31 及答案解析(总分：746.59，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: To Compete, or to Cooperate. You should write no more than 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 有人认为大学应提倡同学间竞争； 2.
2、 也有人认为学生应在大学里学会合作； 3. 你的看法。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)How to be a great test taker Sometimes it seems that life is just one big test. Pop quizzes. Chapter tests. Final exams. The daunting national examinations for those planning to go to college. You cant even get your drivers
3、 license without passing a test. “Tests are a part of life, says Judy S. Richardson, professor of reading at Virginia Common wealth University in Richmond, Virginia. “We take tests all of the time. I recently had to take one, even at my age, just to apply for a research grant. We may have to take th
4、em to apply for a job; or to joint the armed forces.“ Importance of Tests Tests are not just commonplace; theyre also important. “Our society places an emphasis on test scores,“ says Maureen D. Gillette, associate dean of the College of Education at William Paterson University in New Jersey. “Most c
5、olleges and universities look at SAT or ACT tests as a measure of a students potential for success in college. Students should realize that some people and institutions will make certain judgments about them, whether accurate or not, based on test scores.“ Talk about pressure! With so much depending
6、 on the results, exams can be over whelming. But they dont have to be. The right frame of mind and the use of smart test taking strategies can help any student succeed. Benefits of Tests Too often, people take a negative view of tests. Yet they actually have some positive features, according to Rich
7、ardson. “Tests help us practice sharp, alert thinking,“ she says. “Answering test questions involves more than knowing a specific, literal answer. It also means knowing how to read between the lines, and then apply it to a situation. That is what we are expected to do every day, and so tests may hel
8、p us be ready for that daily experience. Goals of Test-taking In addition to these benefits, though, the primary goal in test taking is to do well. For some students, the objective might be a passing score. For others, the desired outcome might be an A grade. But what is the best guarantee of doing
9、well in the testing process? Proper Preparation The most basic factor, experts agree, is preparation. “Always be prepared for the test, Richardson advises. “Take notes, ask questions, read the material, guess what the teacher will be asking. Then when you see the test, you will have a confident reac
10、tion. You will be able to think clearly and do better on the test.“ On the other hand, failing to prepare is the biggest mistake you can make. This may seem obvious. But in addition to lacking the necessary knowledge, lack of preparation can weaken your mental state. “If you do not prepare all along
11、, when you see the test, you may panic,“ Richardson notes. When fear creeps in, even the best student is unlikely to succeed. Making Use of Your Materials Preparing for exams can include a variety of strategies. At a minimum, any important material should be read at least once, and preferably more,
12、until you have absorbed the main points. Simply scanning over textbooks or notes is not enough. “Reading it once is not studying,“ says Dr. Michael Epstein, professor of psychology at Rider University in New Jersey. He advocates taking a structured approach in which students review information both
13、before a test and afterward. Before taking an exam, you should commit important concepts to memory through focused study. Try using whatever memory techniques work best for you. This might mean writing notes, asking yourself questions and then answering them aloud, or employing clever memory devices
14、. Managing Time Key to the process is time management. Dont assume you can wait until the last minute and then make up for lost study time. Rather, be sure to prepare in advance. After all, you know tests will be coming up in virtually every course you take. Similarly, test dates for standardized te
15、st are published months ahead of the actual dates. “The most effective way to study for a test is to review briefly all along and then re view some more before the test,“ Richardson says. “Cramming is not too effective.“ Advance preparation need not be a solitary process. In fact, most teachers will
16、 work with you because they want students to succeed. So in the days or weeks preceding an ex am, make sure to consult with your teacher and determine just what to expect. According to Dr. Douglas B. Reeves, author of The 20-Minute Learning Connection, A Practical Guide for Parents Who Want to Help
17、Their Children Succeed in School, asking questions far in advance of a test is always a good idea. Techniques of Advance Preparation “First, learn the rules of the game,“ “he says. “Its OK to ask the teacher what the test covers. Teachers appreciate it when students express an interest and want to d
18、o well. You are not cheating if you ask about the material on the test and the types of questions that will be used. Another strategy is to create practice test questions. Put yourself in the teachers shoes, “Reeves says. “How would you test someone about this material.? Of course, you cant create t
19、est questions unless you take time to read and learn the material.“ Dont just mimic the efforts of other students. Analyze your own learning style, and employ methods that work best for you. “Learn the ways you learn best,“ says Richardson. “I learn by taking notes and making charts. Some learn by m
20、aking diagrams. Be active in listening to your teacher and reading the material. And try to summarize in your own mind what you learned each day. You can do this in the car on the way home, on the bus, and so forth-it takes just minutes to do.“ Another tip is to hone your writing skills. “Of all the
21、 skills you can practice, the mastery of nonfiction writing is the one that will help you most in almost any test situation,“ says Reeves. “Even with a multiple-choice test, practice writing the reasons that a given answer: is right or wrong. Tackling Standardized Tests What about standardized tests
22、 such as the SAT? Many of the same strategies apply as for other types of examinations. In addition, its wise to avoid getting caught up too much in the hype often associated with these exams. “Prepare, but dont stress out,“ says Gillette. “If you study hard during the year, take appropriate courses
23、 in school, and do some test preparation, it is likely that you will do fine.“ She adds that it can be worthwhile to take step such as purchasing commercially made practice test material, studying in small groups as well as alone, doing practice problems, and using the answer key to discuss right an
24、d wrong answers. “With measures like these, good students should have all the preparation they need,“ Gillette notes. “Many parents spend a lot of money on test preparation courses. Some people may value this route, but I really do not think it is necessary.“ On-line Preparation If youd like to lear
25、n more about test-taking strategies, check out books on the subject along with Web sites such as the one provided by the National Council of Teachers of English at www. ncte. org. But dont depend too heavily on the World Wide Web. “Remember, you can drown in Internet information,“ Reeves says. “When
26、 you are preparing for a test, you need focus, not 300 pages downloaded from the Web. Learn the rules of the game, get the information, you need, and then write practice questions and practice responses. Thats your best plan.“ （分数：71.00）(1).The passage gives a general description of the ways to prep
27、are for tests. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Most colleges and universities look at SAT or ACT tests as a measure of a students potential for success in college. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).For some students, the objective might be a D. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Simply scanning over textbooks or notes is not enoug
28、h. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Before taking an exam, you shouldnt commit important concepts to memory through focused study. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Cramming is not too effective although it may be your only option. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).You are not cheating if you ask about the material on the test and
29、 the types of questions that will be used. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Some learn by taking notes and making charts and others learn by 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Dont depend too heavily on the 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).When you are preparing for a test, you need focus, not 300 pages 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Liste
30、ning Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Enjoyable.B.Moving.C.Inspiring.D.Dull.A.At 7:30.B.At 6:30.C.At 6:00.D.At 5:30.A.Six.B.Eight.C.Seven.D.Nine.A.She is satisfied.B.She is tired.C.She is impatient.D.She is happy.A.In Hong Kong.B.On the way back.C.At home.D.In the university.A.She has too many dreams.B.S
31、he doesnt put her ideas into practice.C.She likes to sleep.D.She doesnt have many good ideas.A.She is not sure Tom is joking.B.She thinks Tom wants to go into business.C.She thinks Tom may sell his shop.D.She thinks Tom has already studied in university.A.The first car they saw is too expensive.B.Th
32、ey may save some money for the time being.C.She is happy with the price set by the seller.D.Less money will be spent in the long run.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.They were worn out.B.They were dirty.C.They were of a dull colour.D.They were out of style.A.They were too casual.B.They were too dressy.C
33、.They were uncomfortable.D.They were not charming enough.A.None.B.One.C.Two.D.Three.A.In the office.B.In the market place.C.At a bus terminal.D.At a graduation party.A.Overseas sales.B.Local counseling.C.Accounting.D.Teaching.A.Dan.B.Donna.C.Mrs Morton.D.Pete.A.Children dont get enough education in
34、safety.B.Children are keen on dangerous games.C.The playgrounds are in poor condition.D.The playgrounds are overcrowded.A.They should help maintain the equipment.B.They should keep a watchful eye on their children.C.They should stop their children from climbing ladders.D.They should teach their chil
35、dren how to use the equipment.A.They tend to stay within shouting or running distance of their parents.B.They should be aware of the potential risks in the playground.C.They may panic in front of high playground equipment.D.They can be creative when they feel secure.A.Its amazing that anyone could m
36、ove so fast.B.Televisions mark the beginning of modem life.C.Modem life is changing very fast.D.Its hard to remember the past.A.Because change happened so quickly.B.Because people were not interested in it.C.Because people were too busy with their work.D.Because change happened so slowly.A.She felt
37、like being interested in it.B.She was not happy about it.C.She felt disappointed.D.She was really amazed.A.They like music.B.They want to say something.C.They sing for enjoyment.D.They are in a good temper.A.They hide themselves.B.They keep silent.C.They stay away from other birds.D.They make some s
38、igns.A.It uses shells and flowers to make a garden.B.It flies high in the sky.C.It dances and sings.D.It spreads out its tail.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Any mistake made in the (36) 1 of a stamp raises its value to stamp (37) 2. A mistake on a (38) 3 stamp has made it worth a million and a half time
39、s its face value. Do you think it (39) 4? Well, it is true. And this is how it (40) 5. The mistake was made more than a hundred years ago in the former British (41) 6 of Mauritius, a small island in the Indian Ocean. In 1847, an order for was sent to London. Mauritius was about to become the (42) 7
40、country in the world to put out . Before the order was filled and the (43) 8 arrived from England, a big dance was planned by the Commander-in-chief of all the armed forces on the island. (44) 9. Stamps were badly needed to post the letters. Therefore, an islander, who was a good printer, was told t
41、o copy the pattern of the . (45) 10. Today, there are only twenty-six of these misprinted leftfourteen One-penny Reds and twelve Two-penny Blues. Because there are so few Two-penny Blues and because of their age, (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1
42、:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Recent research had claimed that an excess of positive ions in the air could have an ill effect on peoples physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically charged particles, and generally there is a
43、 rough balance. If the balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorms, earthquakes or when winds such as the Mistral, Foehn, Hamsin or Sharav are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static elect
44、ricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibers, or from TV sets, duplicators or computer display screens. When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and some particularly sensitive p
45、eople suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. Animals are also found to be affected, particularly before earth- quakes; snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation, rats to flee from their burrows, dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the US Geographical Survey to fun
46、d a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California. Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near t
47、he sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls. To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists reco
48、mmend the use of ionisers; small portable machines that generate negative ions. They claim that ionisers not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative/positive in research. Therefore people can only make up their own minds by observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all, it is debata
