1、大学英语四级 282及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed to write a composition according to the picture. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline. （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)What
2、 Are Tropical Storms? Severe storms spawned in the tropics are known by different names in different parts of the world: hurricanes in the Atlantic and east Pacific and typhoons in the northwest Pacific and cyclones in the southwest Pacific and Indian Ocean. These storms originate over tropical wate
3、rs, close to the equator. If the atmosphere is calm and the water is warmer than about 27C, evaporation forces large amounts of moisture into the air, creating a low pressure system. When this water vapor condenses, it releases heat that powers the circular winds that characterize these storms. Rain
4、fall in the developing storm releases more heat, triggering a convection process that pulls more moisture-laden air up through the centre of the system. The storm grows via this feedback mechanism. The strongest winds are found immediately outside the centre, or “eye,“ of the hurricane at ground lev
5、el. Every one of these systems begins as a tropical depression - a system of thunder storms with an overall circular motion and maximum sustained winds less than 62 km/h. When a storm becomes severe enough and the winds pick up to more than 62 km/h, it is designated a tropical storm, When the winds
6、reach 119 km/h, the system is called a hurricane, typhoon or cyclone. An average of 10 tropical storms develop over the Atlantic Ocean each year, of which about six become severe enough to be called hurricanes. Besides strong winds and heavy rain, these hurricanes also create a “storm surge,“ a mass
7、ive wave beneath the centre of the storm. In the eye of the hurricane, air is sucked upward faster than it can rush in at the bottom. This lowers the atmospheric pressure under the eye of the storm; as a result, the eye tries to pull at the ocean itself, creating a bulge of water as much as six metr
8、es high that moves together with the storm. When is the hurricane season? Hurricane season officially runs from June 1 to November 30, but the most intense storms mainly occur between mid-August and mid-October. How are hurricanes classified? Tropical storms that get strong enough to be classified a
9、s hurricanes are categorized by the intensity of their wind speeds using the Saffir-Simpson scale. Only three Category 5 hurricanes have made landfall in the U.S. in the past century one that struck the Florida Keys in 1935, Hurricane Camille in 1969, and Hurricane Andrew in 1992. How are tropical s
10、torms named? A tropical storm is given a name if its winds reach a speed of 62 kilometres per hour. An international committee has drawn up a list of 126 names-half male and half female which are repeated after a six-year cycle. However, if a hurricane causes extensive dam age, its name is retired f
11、rom use. So far, more than 50 names have been retired, from Hazel in 1954 to Juan in 2003. Memorable hurricanes In August and September 1992, Hurricane Andrew wrought havoc across the Caribbean and Florida. Andrew was an unusual storm-after brewing for several days at low latitudes, it weakened and
12、nearly vanished about 600 km east of Puerto Rico. But the storm regained its strength and moved northward with devastating results. Andrew left 17,000 people homeless in Florida alone and destroyed or badly damaged 85,000 homes. The storm caused a record $ 26. S billion US in property damage. In 200
13、2 Andrew, initially classified a Force 4, was upgraded to have actually been a Force 5 storm. In November 1998, Hurricane Mitch tore through Central America, killing as many as 10,000 people and leaving two million homeless in Nicaragua and Honduras. The storms 300 km/h winds and heavy rains caused
14、more than $ 3 billion US in damage more than half the combined gross domestic product of those two countries. Mitch also unleashed deadly landslides, and caused the worst flooding in the region in 200 years. In the storms wake, with roads and infrastructure wiped out, thousands of people developed i
15、llnesses such as dengue fever, cholera and malaria. Hurricane Hugo swept across the Caribbean and the southeast U.S. in September 1989, leaving a 3,700-kilometre-long trail of destruction from Guadeloupe to the Carolinas. The storm killed at. least 28 people in the Caribbean, left up to 80,000 homel
16、ess and caused $ 2 billion US in damage. In the U. S. , it killed another 11 people and caused more than $ 750 million in damage. The storm sent giant waves crashing onto the U. S. Eastern Seaboard, with a wall of water some five metres in height washing over Charleston, S.C. In September 1996, Cape
17、 Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada, felt the wrath of Hurricane Hortense. The storm brought 120 km/h winds and caused $ 3 million in damages, mostly due to flooding, wind damage and power outages. For Ontarians old enough to remember it, Hurricane Hazel was the storm of a life time-and one of the f
18、ew to inflict significant damage in central Canada. Hurricane Hazel formed in early October 1954 and crossed the Caribbean and the eastern U. S. before entering southern Ontario. The storm left as many as 1,000 dead in Haiti, six more in the Bahamas, another 95 in the U.S. and 81 in the Toronto regi
19、on Tropical storms and global climate trends While tropical storms seem to follow certain natural cycles, scientists are concerned about the effects of global warming and tong-term climate change. On Sept. 15, 1999, the United Nations issued a report predicting that global warming will cause more fr
20、equent and more severe tropical storms, floods and tornadoes in the coming century. “We do know that hurricane intensity is directly correlated to how warm the ocean waters are,“ says Petersen “And if global warming continues to occur, and this results in warmer water temperatures, then well see an
21、undeniable signal of stronger hurricanes.“ （分数：71.00）(1).The passage gives an overview of hurricanes and their history. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Hurricanes in the Atlantic are different from typhoons and cyclones in Asia. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Most tropical storms do not become hurricanes. （分数：7.10）A
22、.YB.NC.NG(4).There will not be another Hurricane Andrew in the foreseeable future. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Hurricane Miteh was a Force 5 storm that hit the United States. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Hurricane Hugo was weaker when it hit the United States than when it hit the Caribbean islands. （分数：7.10）A.
23、YB.NC.NG(7).The United Nations believes that the only way to prevent worse hurricanes is to deal with global warming. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).A 1 is one whereby water is released as rainfall, generating heat, and causes water vapour to be pulled into the storm to replace it. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Wind
24、speeds generally fall the further you are from the 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).A 1 is a body of water pulled upwards in the centre of a hurricane. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.He hasnt seen any movie for a long time.B.The movie he saw was Gone with the Wind.C.He likes seeing m
25、ovies very much.D.It is one of the best movies he has ever seen.A.Buying a car costs too much.B.Driving lessons are too expensive.C.Driving is too dangerous.D.Taking the bus is more convenient.A.Check the figures later today.B.Do the calculations again tomorrow.C.Bring a calculator tomorrow.D.Calcul
26、ate the number right now.A.It is no longer necessary for him.B.He has had twelve years education.C.He is busy and doesnt have time to spare.D.Schooling doesnt do him any good.A.Football players should earn as much money as pop singers do.B.Sportsmen get too much money for playing sports.C.Players ke
27、ep thinking how much money they are taking home.D.Football players have to work all day long.A.He is the last person to see Jack.B.He will visit someone else first.C.He wants to see Jack eagerly.D.He dislikes Jack.A.The man should study harder.B.The man should join the Student Union.C.The man should
28、nt feel that way.D.She agrees with him.A.He can talk to her a few minutes later.B.He must wait for a long time.C.Hed better speak to her at once.D.He can have a long talk with her.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.A project to improve mountain school educational level.B.An advertisement to call for finan
29、cial help with mountain children.C.A summer school program to train mountain school teachers.D.A public service group who put up an advertisement for donations.A.On TV.B.On the Internet.C.In the newspaper.D.On radio.A.Their poor life.B.Their schoolwork.C.Their mountain schools.D.Their schooling.A.He
30、 performed military service there.B.He went there for a sight-seeing.C.He went there to do something different.D.He was sitting there talking to Julia.A.More than twenty -one years old.B.More than twenty -two years oldC.More that twenty-three years old.D.More than twenty-four years old.A.By talking
31、to everybody.B.By studying American history.C.By putting a number on it.D.By making a guess at this.A.Because London taxi drivers all have gone through a very tough training period to get a special taxi driving licence.B.Because London taxi drivers all are London natives.C.Because London drivers all
32、 are living in the corner of the Capital.D.Not given.A.Two years.B.Three years.C.Four years.D.Two to four years.A.He has to learn how to get a certain place in the shortest time.B.He has to learn how to please customers.C.He has to learn how to the most direct route to every single road and to every
33、 important building in London.D.He has to learn how to go around the city on small motorbikes.A.Because learner drivers have to pay for their own expenses on the tests and the medical exam.B.Because learner drivers have to give money to the officers in the tests.C.Because the training period is too
34、long.D.Because learner drivers cannot earn money during the training period.A.To determine whether the Earths temperature is going up.B.To study the behavior of some sea animals.C.To measure the depths of the ocean.D.To measure the movement of waves in the ocean.A.They were frightened and distressed
35、.B.They swam away when me speaker was turned on.C.They swam closer to “examine“ me speaker when it was turned off.D.They didnt seem to be frightened and kept swimming near the speaker.A.To attract more sea animals to the testing site.B.To drive dangerous sea animals away from the testing site.C.To h
36、elp trace the sea animals being tested.D.To determine how sea animals communicate with each other.A.Pleasing.B.Careful.C.Wonderful.D.Suitable.A.Egypt, Greece and Rome.B.The Mediterranean.C.Its highway for trade and diplomacy.D.All the lands on the shores of the Mediterranean.A.Ten decades.B.A quarte
37、r of century.C.One decade.D.One-tenth of year.A.171 kilometres an hour.B.10 kilometres an hour.C.65 metres an hour.D.Some 17 kilometres an hour.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Avian flu or H5N1 has infected more than a hundred people so far in at least ten countries. The virus in Asia is killing more tha
38、n 50% of the humans infected. If this virus learns to (36) 1human to human and (37) 2that level of killing humans, wed got a global (38) 3. Under (39) 4 microscope, flu viruses look like spiky creatures. H5N1 may seem unassuming in the lab, but be sure it has ability to cause a public health (40) 5.
39、 In fact experts say that H5N1 (41) 6 strain responsible for the 1918 Flu pandemic. That strain mutated to (42) 7 between people and (43) 8. killed as many as 15 million around the world. (44) 9. But scientists warn that H5N1 could change to become an explosive killer. (45) 10 Heres what I mean. Let
40、s say that the chicken farmer has the regular flu which always s like a wild fire from person to person. Then he gets infected with H5N1 from one of his chickens. Now both viruses are in the cells where they exchange some of their genes. Thats called re-assortment. If they shuffle the gene just righ
41、t, (46) 11. And that is the biggest fear of all.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)In the United States during 1992, any family of four with an annual cash income of less than $14,335 (before taxes) was consid
42、ered poor. The dollar amount was called the poverty line, an economic measuring rod devised in 1964. The line was set at three times the amount needed to provide the cheapest nutritionally balanced diet. The poverty line is adjusted annually for inflation. While the poverty line in the United States
43、 was more than $14,000, the average annual per-person income in Bangladesh was $200, in Ethiopia $130, in Haiti $340, and in Mali $265. Anyone in those nations with an income of $14,000 would be considered wealthy. During the Great Depression in the United States, when half the population was consid
44、ered poor, a family with an income at the 1992 poverty line could afford to buy a house, a car, clothing and food. The reality of poverty varies with location and social and political conditions. Poverty basically means a lack of, or an insufficient amount of, the three primary physical needs food,
45、clothing and shelter. But for poverty to be recognized, it must exist alongside prosperity. Before the discovery of the New World, the American Indians would not have considered themselves poor, though they lived with only bare necessities and a few handmade artifacts (人工制品) . The severity of povert
46、y varies, depending on the economic vitality of the nation in which it occurs. In the modern industrialized societies of Western Europe, North America, and Japan, there are many government services provided to ease poverty including free medical care and subsidized housing. The homeless of New York
47、City and Los Angeles can usually find some shelter and a mission offering free meals. （分数：177.50）(1).You would be considered poor in America if_.（分数：35.50）A.you are out of a jobB.you earn less than three times the amount needed to provide the cheapest dietC.you earn less than $14,335 (before tax) a
48、yearD.the amount of money you earn is below the current poverty line(2).The average annual cash income per person before taxes in the USA in 1992 was _.（分数：35.50）A.more than $ 14,000B.$200C.$14, 335D.about $3,580(3).The purpose of the example of the American Indians given in the 3rd paragraph is to show that poverty is _.（分数：35.50）A.absoluteB.non-existentC.relativeD.never recognized(4).Free medical care and subsidized housing most probably exist in _ to relieve the poor and the needy.（分数：35.50）A.Bang
