1、大学英语四级 274 及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.A friend of yours called Xiao Lin gave a party yesterday, which you enjoyed. In this section you are required to write an e mail to Xiao Lin to express your appreciation. You should write no more than 120 words and base y
2、our composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 1. 表示感谢她的邀请； 2. 晚会中你喜欢的活动； 3. 建议下次见面的安排。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)China to Quicken the Pace of Urbanization China expects to quicken the pace of urbanization during the next 15 years, with the urbanization rate rising fro
3、m the present 30 percent to 50 percent. Cities are playing the role of the engine of economic growth. Windows of Reform and Opening Chinese cities have been serving as the windows of reform and opening-up. In 1979, the Chinese Government designated the four cities of Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xi
4、amen as special economic zones, launching the opening-up program in China. In 1984, some 14 coastal port cities (Tianjin, Shanghai, Dalian, Qinhuangdao, Yantai, Qingdao, Lianyungang, Nantong, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Zhanjiang and Beihai) were cited as coastal open cities. In 1985 , the 5
5、1 counties and cities in the Pearl and Yangtze river deltas and the Xiamen-Zhangzhou-Quanzhou triangle area in south Fujian Province were designated as coastal economic open areas. In 1988, the coastal economic open areas were extended to the Liaodong Peninsula, Shandong Peninsula and other cities a
6、nd counties in coastal areas. Soon afterwards, the Hainan Special Economic Zone was established. As a result, an opening-up pattern was initially formed in coastal areas, comprising special economic zones, coastal open cities and coastal economic open areas. The coastal open areas, covering 426,000
7、square km of land area, embrace 293 counties and cities with a combined population of 280 million. The momentum of opening-up with the focus on cities was maintained in the 1990s. In 1990, the Government approved the opening and development of the Pudong New Area in Shanghai, spurring the progress o
8、f Chinas largest city. In 1992, in the wake of Deng Xiaopings inspection tour of south China, the Chinese Government opened all inland provincial capital cities, some cities along the Yangtze River ( Wuhu, Jiujiang, Huang-shi, Yueyang and Chongqing) and the Three Gorges reservoir area, as well as 13
9、 border cities in Jilin, Heilongjiang and Yunnan provinces, and Inner Mongolian, Xinjiang Uygur and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous regions. Over the past 20 years, Chinese cities have consistently stood on the front-line of reform and opening-up , playing the role of windows in opening the market, learni
10、ng from modern management expertise and importing advanced technology. Propelling Economic Growth Chinas economic reform, which began in rural areas, has been gradually introduced to the cities. Now, centering on the cities, the reform focuses on replacing the planned economic structure with a marke
11、t economic structure, with the goal of establishing a socialist market economy. The urban economy mainly relies on secondary and tertiary industries, which feature concentrated enterprises and fairly high labor productivity. The cities, therefore, represent the most dynamic force in the national eco
12、nomy. Between 1988-1996, the GDP of Chinese cities registered an average annual increase of 18 percent, with the growth rate exceeding 28 percent between 1992 and 1994. In 1998, the GDP of Chinese cities reached 5 ,896. 2 billion yuan, accounting for 74. 1 percent of the national total. At present,
13、the main task for Chinas macro-economic control is to expand domestic demand. Obviously, the main force for accomplishing this task lies in the cities. According to statistics, with the fast growth of the income of urban residents, the urban consumption level has increased rapidly, with the a-mount
14、of consumption of each urban resident equaling that of three rural inhabitants. In addition, Chinas urban infrastructure construction requires tremendous investment. According to statistics, 400 billion yuan is required for the construction of urban roads, 30 billion yuan for sewage treatment facili
15、ties if the existing handling rate increases from 10 percent to 30 percent, and 20 billion yuan for garbage disposal to increase the current handling rate from 50 percent to 80 percent. Experts estimate that for every 1-percentage-point growth in the proportion of urban population, the volume of soc
16、ial retail sales and the GDP will rise by 1. 4 percentage points and 0. 4 percentage point respectively. This demonstrates the important role played by cities in advancing the national economy. The Wonder of Shenzhen Industrialization is of cardinal importance to the urbanization process of various
17、countries worldwide. Equally, urbanization also helps quicken the pace of industrialization. Urbanization not only provides greater market demands for industrialization, but also helps raise the ratio of the secondary and tertiary industries in the economic structure, thereby propelling the process
18、of industrialization of a country as a whole. In China, the development of Shenzhen and other newly emerging cities has followed the aforementioned course. In the early days of reform and opening-up, Shenzhen was merely a small town neighboring Hong Kong. Supported by the Governments preferential po
19、licies, Shenzhen, relying on its favorable geographical location, absorbed huge amounts of overseas capital and began its process of urbanization, along with the gradual dwindling of the primary industry and the expansion of processing industries. The development of urbanization has attracted large
20、quantities of labor force and capital and many talented people, and promoted urban infrastructure construction and environmental improvement, thus quickening the pace of urbanization. The development of the city has attracted more human talents, and diversified its city function from a simple proces
21、sing industry base to a financial and trade center. To meet the expanded market and consumption demand, the city has developed electronic, manufacturing and service industries, which has readjusted and optimized its industrial structure and further advanced the progress of industrialization. Shenzhe
22、n, which formerly had a population of 23 ,000 and a land area of 3 square km, has grown into a large city, with its total land area reaching 101 square km, combined population exceeding 1. 08 million (789,100 of non-agricultural population) , and a GDP hitting 95 billion yuan in 1996. Compared with
23、1979, in 1991, the citys GDP, industrial added value, social retail sales and export volume rose by 44 percent, 65. 5 percent, 41. 8 percent and 63. 7 percent respectively. In 1979, the city used US $ 15. 37 million of foreign capital and registered US $ 16. 76 million in import and export volume. I
24、n 1995, the amount of these two items soared to US $ 1. 74 billion and US $ 38. 77 billion respectively, ranking first in China, and the citys per-capita GDP reached 2,338 yuan, which also came first in the country, thus creating a wonder in Chinas history of development. East-West Gaps At present,
25、the urbanization rate on the Pearl River Delta that has a fairly high industrialization level is 38.3 percent, greatly exceeding Chinas average of 30.04 percent. In this area, there is a city on each 2,700 square km of land. In 1995, the eastern region, which accounts for 13.5 percent of the country
26、s total land area, had a city on each 4,600 square km of land. In the western region, which accounts for 56.3 percent of the countrys land area, there was only a city on each 47,800 square km of land. This increased the 1990 gap between the eastern and western regions in the density of cities by 2.3
27、 percentage points to more than 10 fold. （分数：71.00）(1).Chinas opening-up program might begin with the designating southern cities as special economic zones.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Zhenjiang is one of the 14 coastal open cities cited in 1984.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Three Gorges reservoir area was also
28、opened during the 1980s.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).According to the report, Chinas economic reform began in cities and then penetrated into rural areas.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Between 1988 and 1996, the GDP of Chinese cities registered an average annual increase of 18 percent, and in 1998, it increased e
29、ven more rapidly.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).We can infer from the passage, the amount of consumption of urban residents is much higher than that of rural ones.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).According to this passage, it is beneficial for present China to enhance urbanization.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).One may have
30、every reason to say that the wonder of Shenzhen was created by the governments preferential policies and its 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).In order to meet the expanded market and consumption demand, Shenzhen has developed electronic, manufacturing and 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).According to the last part of th
31、e report, the 1of cities in Western China is much lower than that in Eastern China.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.He will return the following week.B.He will be back immediately after the holiday.C.He will come back for the holiday.D.He will begin his vacation next week.A.Th
32、e speakers are bothered by the smoke.B.The man complains the smoke in the room.C.The room is very hot.D.The woman is bothered by the smoke.A.In the living room.B.In the bedroom.C.In the garden.D.In the garage.A.$10.00.B.$6.00.C.$20.00.D.$4.00.A.In a mill.B.In a bank.C.In an airport.D.In a post offic
33、e.A.He was late.B.He is hoping for a promotion.C.He is a new employee.D.The boss usually leaves messages for him.A.The Best of Jazz.B.Christmas Carols.C.Rock Music Collection.D.Classical Favorites.A.She doesnt like to go shopping.B.She went shopping yesterday.C.She doesnt live near the shops.D.She p
34、refers shopping to studying.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.A popular TV program.B.A breakthrough in technology.C.A decent purchase.D.A new electronics store.A.Research what television is best for him.B.Ask for a cheaper price on the television.C.Try a different store.D.Be satisfied with what he has.A.
35、Watch less television.B.Return the television on the store.C.Pay for the television.D.Show the woman how to use the television.A.He would prefer a more expensive model.B.Hes confused by the remote controls.C.Hes eager to use it.D.Hes not happy that he bought it.A.Friday.B.Saturday.C.Sunday.D.Monday.
36、A.English.B.History.C.Biology.D.Geology.A.The mans list is longer.B.The womans list is longer.C.Their reading list is of the same length.D.Not given.A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.A.It can be used by farmers to protect large buildings.B.It was brought to the northern USA by Asian farmers.C.It has done more harm th
37、an good in the southern USA.D.It was introduced into the USA to kill harmful weeds.A.People will have to rely on kudzu for a living.B.They will soon be overgrown with kudzu.C.They will become too hard to plough.D.People will find it hard to protect the soil.A.The farmers there have brought it under
38、control.B.The factories there have found a good use for it.C.The climate there is unfavorable to its growth.D.The soil there is not so suitable for the plant.A.The man-made building materials let out dangerous gases inside houses.B.There may be more harmful gases outside houses.C.The flow of air ind
39、oors is limited.D.Indoor air pollution can make a person seriously ill.A.By the building method through which the builders want to save energy.B.By the limit of the flow of air between inside and outside.C.By the building things which are made of man-made materials.D.Not only by the limit of air -fl
40、ow but also by the man-made materials.A.They may let out more oxygen which people need.B.They can absorb different kinds of the harmful indoor chemicals.C.They can take in all kinds of indoor pollutants.D.They can make your house prettier and safer.A.On the side of England.B.On the side of France.C.
41、On the side of the United States.D.On the side of themselves.A.At the beginning of the war.B.At the end of the war.C.In the middle of the war.D.It isnt mentioned in the passage.A.The English won many early battles.B.The French outlasted the English.C.In the war, the French expanded southward into Vi
42、rginia.D.Both generals on the two sides were killed in the battle.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Very few people can get a college degree before the age of 11, but Michael was an (36) 1. He started high school when he was only 5, finishing in just nine months. He became the (37) 2 youngest college gradu
43、ate when he was 10 years and 4 months old, earning an (38) 3 degree. Now at 11 Michaels working on a masters degree in (39) 4 intelligence. But Michaels (40) 5 hasnt always come easy. (41) 6 his intelligence, he still lacks important life (42) 7. In one class, he had to struggle to understand (43) 8
44、 novels, because, as he says, “Im 11. Ive never been in love before.“ Another challenge was his size. (44) 9. He likes computers so much (45) 10. He wants to make robots do all the heavy tasks. (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading
45、Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Copernicus took away our claim as humans to a special position at the centre of the Universe. Darwin forced us to take our place among the animals. Now the last refuges of mystery are being invaded as science begins to take apart human nature itself. Psychologists of eve
46、ry hue have been joined by neuroscientists, artificial intelligence experts, philosophers and economists in the rush to solve this last great problem. The scale and scope of activity is unprecedented. Never before have there been so many best-selling books on mind and brain from so many different th
47、inkers. And no sooner has one proclaimed that a profound mystery of consciousness has been discovered than half a dozen others will counterclaim that the mystery has merely grown deeper. As the science of human nature advances, two old debates remain. The first comes in many shapes. Is our nature in
48、built or is it acquired? Are genes or environment more important in shaping us? Philosophers characterize the difference as being between nativists and empiricists. The second great debate has a profound religious dimension. Does free will re ally exist or are minds merely a reflection of the mechanical workings of the brain? Hippocrates, who died in 377 BC, was one of the earliest to write that thoughts, feelings and perceptions were simply activities of the brain. But his appears to have been a lone voice in
