1、大学英语四级 260 及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, suppose you are the Chairperson of the Student Union at your university. Write a welcome speech to the new students at your university. You should write no more than 120 words following the outline given be
2、low in Chinese: 1. 表示欢迎； 2. 介绍学校的有关情况(如图书馆、饭厅和体育活动场所等)； 3. 遇到困难该如何解决。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Labor Force The labor force is the part of a nations population that works for pay or that is looking for a paying job. In 1800, the United States had about 2 million people in its
3、labor force. Most of them worked on farms, most of whom were men. In 1993, about 130 million Americans were in the labor force. 96 million workers were found in large cities, 46 percent of whom were women. New Kinds of Jobs In the twentieth century, the U. S. labor force has undergone many changes.
4、One of the most significant of these changes is in the decline in the number of blue collar jobs and the rise in the number of white-collar jobs. A blue-collar job involves manual or outdoor labor. Blue-collar workers include factory assemblers and welders; carpenters, plumbers(水暖工), mechanics, and
5、painters; construction workers, and truck drivers. Although the number of blue-collar workers increased in the twentieth century, the future will see a declining need for such workers. Some of their jobs will be taken over by advanced automated and computerized machinery that can do certain blue-col
6、lar jobs more quickly and efficiently than people can. In contrast, a white-collar job involves work that is not chiefly manual. For example, white collar workers include accountants, engineers, teachers, lawyers, and sales personnel. In 1900, white collar workers made up about 20 percent of the lab
7、or force; today, 67 percent of all American wage earners hold white collar jobs. Advances in computer technology have created many new white-collar jobs, such as those in programming and information processing. These changes will continue to dramatically change the nature of existing jobs. The Rise
8、of Women in the Labor Force Until 1940, the opportunities for women to hold jobs were limited. Prejudice and discrimination(歧视)against women forced many of them to find employment as teachers, nurses, and secretaries. In 1940, women held only 25 percent of the jobs. World War -1941 through 1945-brou
9、ght about many changes in the labor force. Men were drafted to serve in the armed forces of the United States. At the same time, the country needed labor to keep factories running at full production to support the war effort. As a result, women were suddenly needed and hired even though they had bee
10、n previously excluded from such jobs. Women not only repaired airplanes and land vehicles, but they also drove trucks, operated radios and ma chinery, and did clerical work. During the war years, the percentage of women in the labor force rose from 25 percent to 35 percent. Married women, many of wh
11、ose husbands were in the armed forces, made up the greatest number of new women workers. In 1940, fewer than half of working women were single, but by 1945 a majority of women workers were married. By the end of the war, one out of every three workers in industry and business was a woman. The Postwa
12、r Years After the war, the men who returned from the armed forces went back to the same jobs they had held prior to the war. As a result, many women lost their wartime jobs. However, not all the women who had held jobs for the first time returned to their former roles as homemakers. Women had proved
13、 they could do these jobs well. As a result, the traditional barriers against the employment of women in such industries as steel and shipbuilding started to disappear. As the postwar prosperity continued, new positions became available for the returning men and for the many women workers now in the
14、 labor force. Many women found that they enjoyed not only employment outside their homes but also the benefits of paying jobs. Many women were beginning to see work as a permanent part of their lives. By earning their own income, they became less dependent and more self-sufficient. Their independenc
15、e gave them new choices and made them aware of a wider range of roles available to them. The economic prosperity that followed the war also enabled many young couples to purchase houses. Many began raising families. Some women chose to stay at home to raise their children, while their husbands went
16、to work. As a result, the percentage of women workers declined after the war, but it never went as low as it was in 1940. The 1960s to the 1990s The 1960s saw the beginning of many social changes in the United States, some of which were brought about by the womens liberation movement. Many women bec
17、ame keenly aware that they were often paid less than men for doing the same kind of work and that they were not promoted as easily or quickly as men. They also found that discrimination in jobs and in education still existed. As a result of womens protests, equal opportunity laws were passed that ma
18、de discrimination against women in jobs and education illegal. This legislation opened up to women many business and professional positions that had previously been closed to them. The 1970s were troubled by ongoing inflation. For many couples, the high standard of living combined with the high cost
19、 of living, made it necessary for both the husband and wife to hold paying jobs. The two-income family became a way of life that continues today. Many divorced, separated, or widowed women also entered the labor force in the 1970s. The 1980s brought more changes. Many businesses were not able to sur
20、vive the recession of that period. Many manufacturing industries, such as the auto, steel, textile, and clothing industries, suffered at the hands of increased competition from foreign countries. As a result, many plants and factories closed; the number of available jobs sharply declined. Because of
21、 the recession more mothers of young children entered the labor force. In general, families in the 1970s,80s, and90s have had fewer children than families of earlier generations. There has therefore been less need for women to stay at home for many years to care for young children, and more married
22、women have been free to join the job market. Coupled with the trend toward two-income families, the labor force participation of married women with young children has risen dramatically since the 1970s. About 19 percent of mothers with children below age 6 were employed in 1970. In 1993, About 60 pe
23、rcent were employed. A Changing Labor Force Shifts from blue-collar to white-collar jobs and the increase in the number of working women continue to affect the labor force. These trends are altering the relationship between workers and their work, and people require new skills and training in all fi
24、elds of employment. Nevertheless, todays (1990s) workers-whether blue-collar or white-collar, male or female-earn higher wages, work shorter hours, and receive more extra benefits than workers prior to the 1940s. （分数：71.00）(1).In 1993, women held 46 percent of the paying jobs in the United States. （
25、分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).The application of advanced automated and computerized machinery will result in loss of some blue-collar jobs. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).During World War , some jobs which previously excluded women were open to them. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).After the war, returned male workers were
26、 responsible for the total loss of womens jobs. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Few women realized they suffered inequality in jobs and education in the 1960s. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).As the children grew up, most of the mothers entered the labor force again in the 1970s. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).The passage ma
27、inly illustrates trends in the US labor force during 1940s and 1990s. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).In the 1970s, the high standard and cost of living contributed m the emergence of _. （分数：7.10）_(9).In 1980s, many manufacturing industries were increasingly confronted with _. （分数：7.10）_(10).Compared with th
28、e workers before 1940s, workers in the 1990s earn more, work shorter hours, and are given _. （分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.At the department store.B.At the office.C.In the restaurant.D.In the drug store.A.He is upset.B.He is disappointed.C.He is confident.D.He is worried.A.Its to
29、o high.B.Its acceptable.C.Its cheap indeed.D.The woman should have bargained for it.A.At two oclock.B.At three oclock.C.At four oclock.D.At five oclock.A.Shop assistant and customer.B.Post clerk and customer.C.Store keeper and customer.D.Waitress and customer.A.To park the car.B.To take pictures.C.T
30、o take her to the park.D.To have a look at the sight.A.His girlfriend complained of his going to the party without her.B.He was together with her girlfriend yesterday.C.He has been busy dating his girlfriend these days.D.He brought his girlfriend to the party.A.She regretted having bought the second
31、 -hand car.B.It is unnecessary to rent another house.C.They should sell their second - hand car and buy a new one.D.They can afford a second - hand car.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.It was about a little animal.B.It took her six years to write.C.It was adapted from a fairy tale.D.It was about a littl
32、e girl and her pet.A.She knows how to write best-selling novels.B.She can earn a lot of money by writing for adults.C.She is able to win enough support from publishers.D.She can make a living by doing what she likes.A.The characters.B.The readers.C.Her ideas.D.Her life experiences.A.She doesnt reall
33、y know where they originatedB.She mainly drew on stories of ancient saints.C.They popped out of her childhood dreams.D.They grew out of her long hours of thinking.A.Return immediately for his parents missed him badly.B.Return immediately for his aunt is expecting him.C.Return immediately for somethi
34、ng unusual happened at home.D.Return immediately for somebody was seriously ill at home.A.Because the telegram was a false one.B.Because this telegram was not addressed to him.C.Because his uncle wasnt ill at all.D.Because it was somebody else who was ill.A.Warm-hearted but careless.B.Curious and mi
35、schievous.C.Helpful and tricky.D.Prudent but cautious.A.A Website which is specially designed to help Smarter Child.B.A Website where we people can find Smarter Child.C.A Website where weather forecasts are made.D.A Website which is about artificial intelligence.A.To tell us how to spell a difficult
36、 word.B.To tell us how the American government is run.C.To provide as with a famous poem by Shakespeare.D.To find where to look for information by itself.A.Smarter Child has his own memory bank big enough for all kinds of information.B.A. I. Artificial Intelligence is probably the name of a film abo
37、ut a boy-computer.C.Smarter Child can recognize different files and find information needed on his own.D.We have similar product now which has the knowledge of Einstein, Nixon and Spears.A.A New Web ChildB.Smarter ChildC.The Future of InternetD.Intelligence DevelopmentA.Because it was too heavy.B.Be
38、cause it did not bend easily.C.Because it did not shoot far.D.Because its string was short.A.It went out of use 300 years ago.B.It was invented after the short bow.C.It was discovered before fire and the wheel.D.Its still in use today.A.They are accurate and easy to pull.B.Their shooting range is 40
39、 yards.C.They are usually used indoors.D.They took 100 years to develop.A.It can be used by farmers to protect large buildings.B.It was brought to the northern USA by Asian farmers.C.It has done more harm than good in the southern USA.D.It was introduced into the USA to kill harmful weeds.A.People w
40、ill have to rely on kudzu for a living.B.They will soon be overgrown with kudzu.C.They will become too hard to plough.D.People will find it hard to protect the soil.A.The farmers there have brought it under control.B.The factories there have found a good use for it.C.The climate there is unfavorable
41、 to its growth.D.The soil there is not so suitable for the plant.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)One night in April 1912, a huge new (36) 1liner, the Titanic, was (37) 2the Atlantic. She was just about the most (38) 3ship that had ever been built. She was going very fast, which was (39) 4because there we
42、re icebergs around and it was very dark that night. The passengers were all having a good time when the ship suddenly ( 40 ) 5one of the icebergs. The ship began to (41) 6and the passengers tried to (42) 7, but there were not enough lifeboats since nobody thought they would ever be necessary. Eight
43、white rockets were (43) 8into the air in order to get help. Another ship, the Californian, was passing nearby. An officer and another sailor on it saw the rockets. (44) 9 and were just firing the rockets in fun. Anyway they did wake the captain. But the captain was too sleepy to understand and the C
44、alifornian just went on sailing away, in another direction. When the Titanic finally went down, (45) 10. They were trying to keep the passengers calm. Two thirds of the passengers were drowned. (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading
45、Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made a trip to Angola in 1997, to support he Red Crosss campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours of arriving in Angola, television screens around the world were filled with im
46、ages of her comforting victims injured in explosions caused by landmines. “I knew the statistics,“ she said. “But putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me; like when I met Sandra, a 13-year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her.“ The Princess concluded with a simpl
47、e message: “We must stop landmines.“ And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message. But, back in London, her views were not shared by some members of the British government, which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an attack on the Princess in the press. They described her as “very ill-informed“ and a “loose cannon (乱放炮的人).“ The Princess responded by brushing aside the criticisms: “This is a distraction (干扰) we do not need. All Im trying to do is help.“ Opposition parties, the media and the public immediately voiced their support fo
