1、大学英语四级 224及答案解析(总分：746.58，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.A recent investigation shows that about 80 percent of pupils have private tutors. In this part, you are to write a composition of 120 words about The Advantages and Disadvantages of Private Tutoring.（分数：30.00）_二、Reading Co
2、mprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Fish Oil Much has been made of the benefits of oil derived from fish. It is claimed that people with a diet rich in fish oil have a greatly reduced chance of heart disease and arteriosclerosis. In addition, it has been shown conclusively that people suffering from elevated
3、blood lipids react positively to treatment using fish oils. limits Diet and Diseases The advantages of fish oil became apparent after studies some two decades ago of the diet of the Inuit, or Erkimo, populations of Greenland. It was found that the Inuit, with their traditional diet of seal, whale an
4、d Arctic fish a diet very high in fat suffered practically no heart disease, had near zero incidence of diabetes, and enjoyed a comparatively low rate of rheumatoid arthritis. (Interestingly, incidence of cancer, equal to that found in most other parts of the world, appeared unaffected by the tradit
5、ional Inuit diet.) Few Heart Attack Deaths Until the work of Dyberg and Bang in the 1970s, little attention was paid to the implications of a fish-rich diet, despite a centuries-old knowledge of Inuit customs. The two researchers noted that in one community of 1,800 people there were only three hear
6、t attack deaths between 1950 and 1974. To understand why, they examined the Inuits blood lipids and diet. Omega-3 fatty acids featured strongly in the bloodstream of the research subjects, directly attributable to diet. A Comparison between the Inuits in Greenland and those in Denmark In order to ru
7、le out genetic or racial factors from their findings, Dyberg and Bang went on to compare the Greenland Inuit communities with those Inuit residing in Denmark who consumed a diet almost identical to that of the Danes. The Inuit in Denmark, particularly those who had been there for longer periods, wer
8、e shown to have higher blood cholesterol levels and significantly higher serum triglyceride levels than their Greenland counterparts. In fact, the levels of the Westernized Inuits matched those of the Danes themselves, who consume mainly meat, milk products and eggs. As would be expected, levels of
9、heart disease and arteriosclerosis of the Inuit well-established in Denmark were far closer to those of the Danes man those of the Greenland Inuit. The findings, according to the researchers, indicated an Omega-3 deficiency in the Danish diet compared with the Greenland diet. Findings in Japan Simil
10、ar findings come from Japan. A comparison of the diets of farmers and fishermen, together with an examination of health records and death rates of the two groups, has shown a link between the health of the human heart and fish oil. Whereas the average Japanese farmer has 90 grams of fish a day, the
11、average fisherman has 250 grams. In all other respects, their diets are similar. Correspondingly, fishermen have lower blood pressure and lower rates of heart disease and rheumatoid arthritis. This compares with the 20 grams eaten daily by the average person in the US, where rates of heart disease a
12、nd arteriosclerosis are five to seven times higher than in Japan. Fish Oils Effects in the Treatment of Hyperlipidaemic Patients Its high Omerga-3 content and easy digestibility make fish oil particularly useful in the treatment of hyperlipidaemic patients. Studies have shown an inverse relationship
13、 between dosage of salmon oil and plasma triglyceride concentrations. Specifically, it has been found that the consumption of three grams of salmon oil per day by such patients reduces their plasma triglyceride levels some 32 per cent. For patients given six grams, the levels fall by 41 per cent, an
14、d for those taking nine grams, concentrations dropped an average of 52 per cent. The table below gives the Omega-3 contents of several fish varieties as compared with a selection of vegetable-based oils and butterfat. （分数：71.00）(1).It is concluded that fish oils is effective in the treatment of elev
15、ated blood lipids.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Diabetes is rare among the Greenland Inuit.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).The Greenland Inuits rheumatoid arthritis levels are the lowest in the world.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Little was known about Inuit life in Greenland before the work of Dyberg and Bang.（分数：7.10）A.
16、YB.NC.NG(5).Blood cholesterol levels of the Denmark Inuit were lower than those of the Danes.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Research in Japan generally supports the findings of Dyberg and Bang with regard to the effects of fish oil.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Greenland Inuit and Japanese fishermen consume simila
17、r amounts of Omega-3 fatty acids.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).The Danish Inuit consumes 1 almost identical to that of their Greenland counterparts.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).The average Americans rate of heart disease and arteriosclerosis are 1 higher than the Japanese.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).It is found that consu
18、mption of nine grams of salmon oil per day can reduce the plasma triglyceride by 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.His father.B.His mother.C.His brother.D.His sister.A.A big travel agency.B.An experienced salesman.C.A job opportunity.D.A general sales manager.A.Mr. Green is i
19、n a meeting.B.Mr. Green is out of the building.C.Mr. Green has too much work.D.Mr. Green doesnt work there anymore.A.The man should call a friend.B.The man should work on his car.C.The man should take a taxi.D.The man should walk to work.A.The woman would understand if she did Marys job.B.The woman
20、should do the typing for Mary.C.The woman should work as hard as Mary.D.The woman isnt a skillful typist.A.He doesnt care much about it.B.He enjoys it very much.C.He doesnt mind ever though its tedious.D.He hates working overtime.A.The woman is driving too fast.B.The woman is driving at a slow speed
21、.C.The woman has broken a traffic rule.D.The woman has parked her car in a wrong place.A.He praises the woman for doing a good job.B.He enjoys the steak.C.He wants the steak to be cooked for a good while.D.He wants the woman to bring him the steak quickly.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.It is now in da
22、ily touch with nine hundred people.B.The volunteers have completed one million calls.C.It is now starting to include new comers who want to meet new friends.D.It has got support from all the neighbors of the old.A.By a 77-year-old woman.B.By advertising in newspapers.C.By neighborhood group meetings
23、.D.On television.A.It is operated by federal employees.B.It has been in operation for fifteen years.C.It is especially for retired officials.D.It provides daily telephone calls.A.Get a ride home with Nancy.B.Find a place to live.C.Go to the store before it closes.D.Carry his groceries home.A.He didn
24、t expect to buy a lot.B.He had only one bag of groceries.C.The supermarket is just down the block.D.He thought hed get a ride with the Kramers.A.They are paying for his education.B.They invited him to their party.C.They took him on a vacation with them.D.They let him live with them for free.A.A hous
25、ewife.B.A singer.C.A teacher.D.A musician.A.The violin was too expensive.B.She was too young to play the violin.C.The violin was too big for her.D.Her mother wanted her to play the piano.A.To play the violin once again.B.To go to the United States.C.To apply for a scholarship.D.To have her performan
26、ce taped.A.To live a more comfortable life.B.To give performances.C.To be a pupil of a famous violinist.D.To enter a famous university.A.Posters allow people to eat poorly.B.A bad diet is a symptom of social, cultural, and economic problems.C.Poor people are not aware of the four food groups.D.Alcoh
27、ol contributes to a bad diet.A.They are not the solution to dietary problems.B.They do not illustrate all the food groups.C.They are not based on medical research.D.They are only to wealthy people.A.Cultural problems.B.Social problems.C.Economic problems.D.Physical problems.A.Professionals can parti
28、cipate in Olympic Games while amateurs cannot.B.Amateurs receive money for taking part in sports.C.Professionals receive money for participating in sports.D.Both A and C.A.Cause serious problems to society.B.Encourage good character and “sportsmanship.“C.Make no contribution to society.D.Encourage v
29、iolence and drug abuse.A.They were using illegal drugs.B.They set a good example for youngsters.C.They were regarded as heroes.D.They gave terrific performances.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, (36) 1to your own c
30、hildren. But how you say it can be quite tricky. If you say to your children “Im sorry I got (37) 2with you, but.“ what follows that “but“ can render the apology ineffective; “I had a bad day“ or “your (38) 3was giving me a headache“ leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be (
31、39) 4for his bad behavior instead of expecting an apology. Another method by which people appear to apologize without (40) 5doing so is to say “Im sorry youre upset“; this suggests that you are somehow at (41) 6for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done. Then there is the g
32、eneral, all (42) 7apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was (43) 8hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is should promise never to do again. (44) 9. But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the
33、complexities of saying sorry. (45) 10. And that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other childrens expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without aski
34、ng permission is acceptable, (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Perhaps the most frequently raised challenge to proposed moral education programs is “Whose values?“. Polls (民意调查) consistently reveal t
35、hat the vast majority of Americans support moral education in the public schools, but when a specific proposal is made in a specific community, it invariably raises concerns about the content of the education. Some mistake moral education for sex education. Others fear it will be a form of religious
36、 education. Some fear moral education will be a form of strict mind control. Three basic approaches have been identified in dealing with this issue. The first approach assumes a justified content and the goal of it is to acquire this content, typically highlighting a list of values or virtues that s
37、erve as the core of the courses. It proposes to teach the code of ethical behavior, list of values or character traits etc. by a variety of methods. Traditional character education approaches tend to fall in this category. In the second approach, the individual is assumed to have an innate (固有的) ten
38、dency to develop into a moral agent; the role of education is to provide the necessary context in which this natural “flowering“ can occur. Imposing a specific content is strongly opposed by this approach. The third approach focuses on the construction of moral reasoning capacities, which are unders
39、tood to be a product of the interaction of innate qualities with ones experience in the physical and social worlds. Content is largely ignored as the focus is on reasoning structures and decision-making processes. Proposed courses do not support specific content; rather they provide the opportunity
40、to apply ones reasoning to a variety of contents. Here content is used as the medium for producing development. All three approaches have been “accused“ of being too idealistic and they tend to “accuse“ each other of the same failing. It should be noted that these positions tend to represent the wor
41、ding more than the practice of moral education. （分数：177.50）(1).The concerns mentioned in the 1st paragraph center around_ regarding moral education.（分数：35.50）A.who will be the advocate of the valuesB.how many people would support the code of ethicsC.the responsibility of moral educationD.the subject
42、 it deals with, or the idea it expresses.(2).What does the “flowering“ refer to in the 5th paragraph?（分数：35.50）A.The process that human beings form their moral values gradually.B.The way that people deal with moral education.C.The solution which can be adopted in moral education.D.The concept of mor
43、al values.(3).What does the 3rd basic approach to moral education emphasize?（分数：35.50）A.The function of physical and social worlds as catalyst.B.Developing the individual qualities.C.Giving opportunities to individuals to develop reasoning capacities.D.Leaving the individuals to develop their moral
44、values by themselves.(4).Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：35.50）A.The second approach avoids providing moral content and considers content inbuilt and hidden in the individual.B.The third approach views the content of moral education as a tool in constructing
45、 moral reasoning capacities: a means to an end.C.The first approach considers the traditional values to be the priority in their education.D.The content of moral education is often challenged.(5).What does the author mean according to the last paragraph?（分数：35.50）A.Moral education will develop in se
46、parate courses set by these three approaches.B.The three approaches are not so incompatible, and they may adopt the idea of each other more or less in their own practice.C.The three approaches sound appealing, but they fail to live up to it in their practice.D.The accusative attitude towards each ot
47、her of the different approaches is not helpful with the practice of moral education.Common sense tells us that there are obvious differences between females and males: after all, biology, not culture, determines whether or not youre able to bear children. But culture and cultural myths do shape the
48、roles men and women play in our public and private relationships: we are born female and male, but we are made women and men. Sociologist distinguishes between sex and gender between ones biological identity and the conventional patterns of behavior we learn to associate with each sex. While biological sex remains a constant, the definition of “appropriate“ gender behavior varies dramatically from one cultural group or historical period to the next. The variations show up markedly in the way we dress. For example
