1、大学英语四级 218及答案解析(总分：746.55，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic Choice of Friends according to the following outline (given in. Chinese). Your composition should be no less than 120 words. Remember to write your compos
2、ition on the Answer Sheet 1 clearly and neatly. 1. 有人喜欢结交与自己相类似的朋友。 2. 有人喜欢结交与自己完全不同的朋友。 3. 我的看法。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The Motor Car There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world and the number is rising by more than 40 million each year. The average distance
3、 driven by car users is growing toofrom 8 km a day per person in western Europe in 1965 to 25 km a day in 1995. This dependence on motor vehicles has given rise to major problems, including environmental pollution, depletion of oil resources, traffic congestion and safety. Problems While emissions (
4、废气排放) from new cars are far less harmful than they used to be, city streets and motorways are becoming more crowded than ever, often with older trucks, buses and taxis, which emit excessive levels of smoke and fumes. This concentration of vehicles makes air quality in urban areas unpleasant and some
5、times dangerous to breathe. Even Moscow has joined the list of capitals suffered form congestion and traffic fumes. In Mexico City, vehicle pollution is a major health hazard. Until a hundred years ago, most journeys were in the 20 km range, the distance conveniently accessible by horse. Heavy freig
6、ht could only be carried by water or rail. The invention of the motor vehicle brought personal mobility to the masses and made rapid freight delivery possible over a much wider area. Today about 90 per cent of inland freight in the United Kingdom is carried by road. Clearly the world cannot revert t
7、o the horse-drawn wagon. Can it avoid being locked into congested and polluting ways of transporting people and goods? In Europe most cities are still designed for the old modes of transport. Adaptation to the motor car has involved adding ring roads, one-way systems and parking lots. In the United
8、States, more land is assigned to car use than to housing. The fast development of city life means that life without a car is next to impossible. Mass use of motor vehicles has also killed or injured millions of people. Other social effects have been blamed on the car such as alienation and aggressiv
9、e human behavior. A 1993 study by the European Federation for Transport and Environment found that car transport is seven times as costly as rail travel in terms of the external social costs it leads to such as traffic jam, accidents, pollution, loss of crop-land and natural habitats, overuse of oil
10、 resources, and so on. Yet cars easily surpass trains or buses as a flexible and convenient mode of personal transport. It is unrealistic to expect people to give up private cars in favor of mass transit. Solution Technical solutions can reduce the pollution problem and increase the fuel efficiency
11、of engines. But fuel consumption and exhaust emissions depend on which cars are preferred by customers and how they are driven. Many people buy larger cars than they need for daily purposes or waste fuel by driving aggressively. Besides, global car use is increasing at a faster rate than the improve
12、ment in emissions and fuel efficiency which technology is now making possible. One solution that has been put forward is the long-term solution of designing cities and neighborhoods so that car journeys are not necessaryall essential services being located within walking distance or easily accessibl
13、e by public transport. Not only would this save energy and cut carbon dioxide emissions, it would also enhance the quality of community life, putting the emphasis on people instead of cars. Good local government is already bringing this about in some places. But few democratic communities are blesse
14、d with the visionand the capitalto make such profound changes in modern lifestyles. A more practical way to solve the problem seems to be a combination of mass transit systems for travel into and around cities, with small “low emission“ cars for urban use and larger hybrid or lean burn cars for use
15、elsewhere. Electronically tolled highways might be used to ensure that drivers pay charges geared to actual road use. Better integration of transport systems is also highly desirable and made more feasible by modern computers. But there are solutions for countries which can afford them. In most deve
16、loping countries, old cars and old technologies continue to predominate. （分数：71.00）(1).Vehicle pollution is worse in European cities than anywhere else.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Transport by horse would be a useful alternative to motor vehicles.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Nowadays freight is not carried by
17、water in the United Kingdom.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Most European cities were not designed for motor vehicles.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Technology alone cannot solve the problem of vehicle pollution.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Peoples choice of car and attitude to driving is a factor in the pollution problem
18、.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Redesigning cities would be a short-term solution.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).You will feel_ when breathing because of the overwhelming cars in the street.（分数：7.10）_(9).In most cities in Europe, to adapt to the fast development of motor cars would mean to add_, _ and_.（分数：7.10）_(1
19、0).According to the author, the most practical way for wealthy countries will be_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.He is modest.B.He is satisfied.C.He is proud.D.He is upset.A.Last year.B.Two years ago.C.Three years ago.D.Early last year.A.He has a relative who once lived there.B.He
20、 is going to see his aunt there.C.He will visit the city soon.D.He used to have an apartment there.A.An English book.B.A Chinese book.C.A chemistry book.D.A medical book.A.$1.75.B.$2.50.C.$1.50.D.$1.05.A.Its not fine as it is.B.It wont be approved by the supervisor.C.Major revisions are needed in it
21、.D.Only a few changes should be made in it.A.Catch a cold.B.Hurry to get the train.C.Sit next to the train stop.D.Fix his torn sleeve.A.Around 5:00.B.Around 3:00.C.At2:00.D.At 1:00.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.She is waiting for the man.B.She is waiting for her mother.C.She is waiting for a bus.D.Sh
22、e is waiting for it to stop raining.A.Cold.B.Very hot.C.Cooler than the weather on the day of this conversation.D.Drier than the weather on the day of this conversation.A.Florida.B.New York.C.California.D.Indiana.A.Every ten minutes.B.At twenty to one.C.Every thirty minutes.D.Once a day.A.Her husban
23、d keeps changing jobs.B.Her husband is neglectful of the family.C.Her whole family live around the poverty line.D.Her husband yells at her.A.Parents can not dress children well.B.They have to live in a small apartment.C.They have to drive an old car.D.Parents yell out about the poverty.A.Joint custo
24、dy.B.Children.C.Visitation rights.D.A large estate.A.The woman will demand all they have.B.The woman will demand a little support payments.C.The woman will demand all estate.D.The woman will demand half of all and large support payments.A.He informed the tourists of their itinerary.B.He tried to sel
25、l a tour.C.He answered the questions from the tourists.D.He talked about the scenic spots on the tour.A.Shopping.B.Watching a play.C.Looking at the sea.D.Seeing an exhibition.A.6.5 hours.B.8 hours.C.7.5 hours.D.3 hours.A.She was a native of Fairfield.B.She was polite and patient.C.She was on her way
26、 to Green Valley.D.Both A and B.A.People in most countries of the world today are not opposed to living in flats.B.English people, like most people in other countries, dislike living in flats.C.People in Britain are forced to move into high blocks flats.D.Modern flats still fail to provide the neces
27、sary facilities for living.A.They were sold to people before necessary facilities were installed.B.They were usually not large enough to accommodate big families.C.They were mostly inhabited by people who did not earn much.D.They provided playgrounds for children on the top of the buildings.A.Becaus
28、e the living expenses for each individual family are higher.B.Because they believe people like to live in houses with gardens.C.Because it involves higher cost compared with the building of houses.D.Because the disposal of rubbish remains a problem for those living in flats.A.He didnt like physics a
29、ny more.B.His eyesight was too poor.C.Physics was too hard for him.D.He had to work to support himself.A.He was not happy with the new director.B.He was not qualified to be an engineer.C.He wanted to travel.D.He found his job boring.A.He wanted to work with his friend.B.He enjoyed traveling around t
30、he world.C.He wanted to go to Spain.D.He was rejected by the engineering firm.A.He enjoyed teaching English.B.He wanted to earn more to support his family.C.The owner of the school promised him a good position.D.He could earn more as a teacher than as a travel agent.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Its di
31、fficult to imagine the sea ever running out of fish. Its so vast, so deep, and so (36) 1. Unfortunately, its not bottomless. Over-fishing, (37) 2with destructive fishing practices, is killing off the fish and (28 ) 3their environment. Destroy the fish, and you destroy the fishermens means of living.
32、 At least 60 percent of the (39) 4 commercially important fish (40) 5are already over-fished or fished to the limit. As a result, governments have to close down some areas of sea to commercial fishing. Big, high-tech fleets (41) 6that everything in their path is pulled out of water. Anything too sma
33、ll, or the wrong thing is thrown back, either (42) 7or dying. Thats an (43) 8 of more than 20 million metric tons every year. (44) 9. In some part of the world, for every kilograms of prawns caught, up to fifteen kilograms of unsuspecting fish and other marine wildlife die, simply for being in the w
34、rong place at the wrong time. True, (45) 10 before every ocean becomes a sea. (46) 11 then catch them in the way that doesnt kill other innocent sea life. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Im usually fairly s
35、keptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which conclu
36、ded that todays children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children aged 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago. Why are Americas kids so stressed? The report cites t
37、wo main causes: increasing physical isolation - brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among other things - and a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place. Given that we cant turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation c
38、ope. At the top of the list is nurturing (培育) a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress. To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and c
39、omputers. Your family will thank you later. They will have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep. Limit the amount of virtual (虚拟的) violence your children are exposed to. Its not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news. K
40、eep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale. Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own anxieties and provide a good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesnt have to ru
41、in your life. （分数：177.50）(1).The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about peoples state of mind are _.（分数：35.50）A.surprisingB.illogicalC.confusingD.questionable(2).What does the author mean when he says, “we cant turn the clock back“ ( Line 1, Para. 3 ) ?（分数：35.50）A.Its impossible to
42、 slow down the pace of change.B.The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.C.Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.D.Its impossible to forget the past.(3).According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as mentally iii 50 years ago_.（分数：3
43、5.50）A.were less isolated physicallyB.were probably less self-centeredC.probably suffered less from anxietyD.were considered less individualistic(4).The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is _.（分数：35.50）A.to provide them with a safer environmentB.to lower their e
44、xpectations for themC.to get them more involved sociallyD.to set a good model for them to follow(5).What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?（分数：35.50）A.Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped with.B.Childrens anxiety has been enormously exaggerated.C.Childrens anxiety can be eliminated with
45、more parental care.D.Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature.It is possible to stop most drug addiction in the United States within a very short time. Simply make all drugs available and sell them at cost. Label each drug with a precise description of what effectgood and bad
46、the drug will have on the taker. This will require heroic honesty. For the record, I have triedoncealmost every drug and like none, disproving the popular theory that taking a single smoke of opium will enslave the mind. Nevertheless many drugs are bad for certain people to take and they should be t
47、old why in a sensible way. Along with advice and warning? it might be good for our citizens to recall that the United States was the creation men who believed that each man has the right to do what he wants with his own life as long as he does not interfere with his neighbors pursuit of happiness. Now one can hear the warning; If everyone is allowed to take drugs, everyone will, and the gross national product will decrease and we shall end up a race of fools. Alarming thought. Yet it seems most likely that any reasonably healthy-minded
