1、大学英语四级 214 及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Changes in the Way People Spent Holidays. You should write at least 120 words according to the outlines given below in Chinese: （分数：30.00）_二、Re
2、ading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Computer Crime A computer crime is generally defined as one that involves the use of computers and software for illegal purposes. This doesnt mean that all the crimes are new types of crime. On the contrary, many of these crimes, such as embezzlement of funds, the a
3、lteration of records, theft, vandalism, sabotage, and terrorism, can be committed without a computer. But with a computer, there offenses can be carried out more quickly and with less chance that the person responsible for the crime will be discovered. Computer crimes have been on the rise for the l
4、ast twelve years. Just how much their computer crimes cost the American public is in dispute, but estimates range from $ 3 billion to $ 5 billion annually. Even the FBI, which attempts to keep track of the growth or decline to all kinds of crimes, is unable to say precisely how large a loss is invol
5、ved; however, it estimates that the average takes from a company hit by computer crime is $ 600,000. A number of reasons are given for the increase in computer crime: (a) More computers in use and, thus, more people who are familiar with basic computer operation; (b) more computers tied together in
6、satellite and other data-transmission networks; and (c) the easy access of microcomputers to huge mainframe data bases. Examples of Computer Crime Computer crime or e-crime is a kind of crime related to computer. Exactly what is illegal varies greatly from territory to territory. Consequently, the g
7、rowth of international and in particular the Internet has made these crimes both more common and more difficult to police. Examples of computer crime are: -Fraud achieved by the manipulation of records. -Spamming where this is outlawed completely or where regulations controlling it are violated. -De
8、liberate circumvention of computer security systems. -Unauthorized access to or modification of programs or data. -Industrial espionage by means of access to or theft of computer materials. -Identify theft where this is accomplished by use of fraudulent computer transactions. -Writing or spreading c
9、omputer viruses or worms. -Salami slicing the practice of stealing money repeatedly in extremely small quantities. The Criminal Movies and newspaper stories might lead us to believe that most computer crimes are committed by teenage “hackers“ brilliant and basically good children who let their imagi
10、nation and technical genius get them into trouble, but a realistic look at the crimes reveals that the offender is likely to be an employee of the firm against which the crime has been committed, i. e. an “insider“. Difficulty of Detection and Prevention Given the kind of person who commits a comput
11、er crime and the environment in which the crime occurs, it is often difficult to detect who the criminal is. First of all, the crime may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone discovers it. Second, once the crime has been revealed, it is not easy to find a clear trail of evidence tha
12、t leads back to the guilty party. After all, looking for “weapons“ or fingerprints does not occur as it might be in the investigation of more conventional crimes. Third, there are usually no witnesses to the computer crime, even though it may be taking place in a room filled with people. Who is to s
13、ay if the person at the next terminal, calmly keying in data, is doing the companys work or committing a criminal act? Fourth, not enough people in management and law enforcement know enough about computer technology to prevent the crimes. Authorities have to be familiar with the computers capabilit
14、ies within a given situation to guard against its misuses. In some large cities, such as Los Angeles, police departments have set up specially-trained computer crime units. But even when an offender is caught, the investigators, attorneys (律师). judges, or juries may find the alleged crime too compli
15、cated and perplexing to handle. More attorneys are specializing in computer law and studying the computers potential for misuse. After a computer crime has been discovered, many companies do not report it or prosecute (起诉) the person responsible. A company may not announce the crime out of fear that
16、 the public will find out the weaknesses of its computer system and lose confidence in its organization. Banks, credit card companies, and investment firms are especially sensitive about revealing their vulnerabilities (脆弱性) because they rely heavily on customer trust. To avoid public attention, cau
17、tious companies will often settle cases of computer tampering out of court. And if cases go to trial and the offenders are convicted, they may be punished only by a fine or light sentence because the judge or jury isnt fully trained to understand the nature and seriousness of the crime. Not all comp
18、anies are timid in apprehending computer criminals. For example, Connecticut General Life Insurance Company decided it had to get tough on violators. So when the company discovered that one of its computer technician has embezzled $ 200,000 by entering faults benefit claims, it presented it findings
19、 to the states attorney and aided in the prosecution of the technician. The technician was found guilty and sentenced to prison, not just for the computer misuse, but also for grand theft and insurance fraud. Connecticut General now has a policy of reporting all incidents of theft or fraud, no matte
20、r how small. （分数：71.00）(1).It is more difficult to discover the criminals who committed with computer than those who committed without computer.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).The FBI knows exactly how large a loss is involved in computer crimes.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).It is hard to say that whether computer
21、crime is illegal or not because the exact rule varies greatly from territory to territory.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).It is implied in paragraph 4 that most computer criminals are the employees of the concerned companies.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Only the people at the next terminal con say whether one is c
22、ommitting a criminal act or not.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Many companies dont report computer crimes because law procedures against computer crimes usually cost a lot of money.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).The passage is mainly about the increase of computer crimes in America and the difficulties in combating
23、 computer crimes.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).In order to cope with the computer crime, at the present time more attorneys are specializing in computer law and studying the_ for misuse.（分数：7.10）_(9).If the cases do go to trial and the criminals are convicted, they may be punished only by_.（分数：7.10）_(10).C
24、onnecticut General Life Insurance Company is cited as_ of companies that took serious measures to fight against computer crimes.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Phillips will not be in this office at all this week.B.He will be here on Tuesday only.C.Hell be here on Monday, Wednesday
25、 and Friday.D.Hell be at this office on Tuesday and Thursday.A.She has never eaten such delicious oranges before.B.She bets there are better oranges available.C.She doesnt understand why the man likes the oranges.D.She has had the same oranges before.A.She didnt go to Chicago.B.She had a good time i
26、n Chicago.C.She spent her vacation here.D.She didnt enjoy her trip.A.She will type it next week.B.She would rather work on it than do nothing.C.It took her an entire week to type it.D.She still hasnt quite finished with it.A.It is the only book for her philosophy class.B.All the classes have a lot o
27、f reading.C.She just has to read for her philosophy class.D.Only the philosophy class has a lot of reading.A.If Phil is lucky, he might get a scholarship.B.There is no way in which Phil can win a scholarship.C.Phil is not going to chance his luck and try for a scholarship.D.Phil is not being given a
28、 chance to get a scholarship.A.Jack was expected to pass the exam.B.Jack surprised everybody by taking his exam again.C.No one really expected Jack to pass exams.D.Jack wasnt expected to fail his exams again.A.Better.B.Sick.C.Fine.D.Tired.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.The blacks.B.The whites.C.The Ch
29、inese.D.The Japanese.A.In China-town.B.In the northern part of the city.C.All over the city.D.In Japan-town.A.12,000.B.700,000.C.50,000.D.20,000.A.He thinks the city is pretty.B.He likes to talk about it.C.He travels a lot in the city.D.He teaches ethnic history at a university.A.Soured milk.B.Traps
30、 of advertising.C.Sales at T Mart.D.A careless purchase.A.Late Sunday evening.B.Early Saturday morning.C.Late Saturday evening.D.Early Sunday morning.A.Because the milk she bought at a discount would expire soon.B.Because she did not save 50% on all of the items she purchased.C.Because she ignored t
31、he fact the lower the prices the lower quality the products.D.Because she did not realize that all sales are used to cheat customers.A.To estimate the extreme weather.B.To develop the satellite technology.C.To improve agricultural output.D.To learn how to change information to maps more efficiently.
32、A.By turning the intensity of sunshine into maps.B.By analyzing the recent weather report.C.By capturing the microwave radiation from the soil.D.By analyzing information provided by ground observation centers.A.Acquire information from satellites more efficiently.B.To realize full coverage of area t
33、he satellite passes over.C.Building more ground observation centers.D.Compare satellites information with those from ground.A.Americans life-style.B.Me-books.C.Do-it-yourself.D.Mind your own business.A.It publishes books with aid of computers.B.It only publishes childrens books.C.It “personalizes“ t
34、he books by having the computer make the reader the leading character in the story.D.It publishes books written by oneself.A.To tell children how to learn to read.B.To love animals.C.To love life.D.To develop enthusiasm for reading and help a child to learn how to read.A.Birds have to be taught to n
35、avigate.B.A bird that has been caged will not.C.Some birds cannot fly at night.D.Some birds seem instinctively to follow the stars when flying at night.A.They migrate from North America to the Falkland Islands.B.They migrate only once during their lifetime.C.They migrate using what is apparently an
36、inborn navigational ability.D.They migrate when they are freed from their cages.A.They find their way by mountain ranges.B.They find their way by coastlines.C.They find their way by river courses.D.They find their way by the three landmarks mentioned above.A.They circle helplessly.B.They fly by rada
37、r.C.They use landmarks.D.They use the moon.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)As the death toll continues to climb in the wake of Sundays earthquake triggered tsunami, the world is (36) 1 the biggest-ever mobilization of international aid for a natural disaster. But (37) 2workers are warning that the geogra
38、phic scope of the tragedy is so (38) 3that there is no way to (39) 4that life-saving food, fresh water and medicine will reach everyone in need. So far, the (40) 5, like the event that triggered it, is unparalleled in modern history. Already, aid workers report, the flow of material goods to some ai
39、rports in the disaster zone greatly (41) 6storage and distribution (42) 7 Such is the case in Medan Indonesia, some 300 kilometers southeast of the devastated town of Banda Aceh. Speaking with VOA by cell phone from Medan, Oxfam (43) 8 Mona Laczo believes that a planned aid shipment to the city has
40、had to be diverted. She said; “Things change so fast, our plane that left the U. K. on Wednesday now, we are being told that, (44) 9. and we have to go back to square-one. Aside from food and fresh water, Oxfam plans to distribute mosquito nets to protect tsunami-ravaged communities from mosquito-bo
41、rn diseases, such as dengue fever and malaria. (45) 10. At a news conference in New York, U. N. Secretary General Kofi Annan said the world body will be “stretched“ to meet the needs of tsunami survivors. But, he added, (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1
42、:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Technology to understand and analyze CVs just as a human would be launched in Europe by recruitment software innovator People Genie. The patented technology has been developed to create Smart Genie, which will be fully integrated within the Peop
43、le Genie family of plug-in facilities. Smart Genie can analyze a job specification and by using predictive modeling it can rank CVs in order of their suitability based on over 40 analytical techniques. Additional features also include the ability to match any number of CVs with an ideal job role. Ma
44、rc Hendrickse, Managing Director of People Genie said: “Smart Genie is a real breakthrough for the recruitment industry.“ There are some basic programs to read CVs, but by only searching against key words they can easily overlook the best candidates. This cutting edge technology uses artificial inte
45、lligence to understand each CV to the extent that it can spot the difference between a skill studied in a course and hands-on experience. “Traditional reading software does not eradicate the need for recruiters to sort through CVs, although they may have been able to eliminate up to half of a batch
46、of 100 CVs by searching for a specific job title. Smart Genie will pioneer the way forward by enabling recruiters to spend more time with a true shortlist of candidates and less time processing irrelevant CVs.“ To link in with the other People Genie applications, Smart Genie has also been developed
47、to assist with creating job adverts by suggesting all relevant skills for a role. It does this not only by utilizing its extensive built-in information library, but also by learning from every CV it reads. The program continuously improves by storing information gathered from CVs collected from all worldwide users enabling it to recognize the most relevant skills required to help attract quality candidates. Smart Genie will completely eliminate the need for recruiters to maintain an up-to-date skills library as it can easily be integrated with an existing database and then continu
