1、大学英语四级 213 及答案解析(总分：746.52，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Cheating on Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 在大学里存在着考试作弊的现象； 2. 你是怎么看待这一现象的； 3. 如何才能制止之种现象。
2、（分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Computer Crime A computer crime is generally defined as one that involves the use of computers and software for illegal purposes. This doesnt mean that all the crimes are new types of crime. On the contrary, many of these crimes, such as embezzlement
3、of funds, the alteration of records, theft, vandalism, sabotage, and terrorism, can be committed without a computer. But with a computer, there offenses can be carried out more quickly and with less chance that the person responsible for the crime will be discovered. Computer crimes have been on the
4、 rise for the last twelve years. Just how much their computer crimes cost the American public is in dispute, but estimates range from $ 3 billion to $ 5 billion annually. Even the FBI, which attempts to keep track of the growth or decline to all kinds of crimes, is unable to say precisely how large
5、a loss is involved; however, it estimates that the average takes from a company hit by computer crime is $ 600,000. A number of reasons are given for the increase in computer crime: (a) More computers in use and, thus, more people who are familiar with basic computer operation; (b) more computers ti
6、ed together in satellite and other data-transmission networks; and (c) the easy access of microcomputers to huge mainframe data bases. Examples of Computer Crime Computer crime or e-crime is a kind of crime related to computer. Exactly what is illegal varies greatly from territory to territory. Cons
7、equently, the growth of international and in particular the Internet has made these crimes both more common and more difficult to police. Examples of computer crime are: -Fraud achieved by the manipulation of records. -Spamming where this is outlawed completely or where regulations controlling it ar
8、e violated. -Deliberate circumvention of computer security systems. -Unauthorized access to or modification of programs or data. -Industrial espionage by means of access to or theft of computer materials. -Identify theft where this is accomplished by use of fraudulent computer transactions. -Writing
9、 or spreading computer viruses or worms. -Salami slicing the practice of stealing money repeatedly in extremely small quantities. The Criminal Movies and newspaper stories might lead us to believe that most computer crimes are committed by teenage “hackers“ brilliant and basically good children who
10、let their imagination and technical genius get them into trouble, but a realistic look at the crimes reveals that the offender is likely to be an employee of the firm against which the crime has been committed, i. e. an “insider“. Difficulty of Detection and Prevention Given the kind of person who c
11、ommits a computer crime and the environment in which the crime occurs, it is often difficult to detect who the criminal is. First of all, the crime may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone discovers it. Second, once the crime has been revealed, it is not easy to find a clear trail
12、of evidence that leads back to the guilty party. After all, looking for “weapons“ or fingerprints does not occur as it might be in the investigation of more conventional crimes. Third, there are usually no witnesses to the computer crime, even though it may be taking place in a room filled with peop
13、le. Who is to say if the person at the next terminal, calmly keying in data, is doing the companys work or committing a criminal act? Fourth, not enough people in management and law enforcement know enough about computer technology to prevent the crimes. Authorities have to be familiar with the comp
14、uters capabilities within a given situation to guard against its misuses. In some large cities, such as Los Angeles, police departments have set up specially-trained computer crime units. But even when an offender is caught, the investigators, attorneys (律师). judges, or juries may find the alleged c
15、rime too complicated and perplexing to handle. More attorneys are specializing in computer law and studying the computers potential for misuse. After a computer crime has been discovered, many companies do not report it or prosecute (起诉) the person responsible. A company may not announce the crime o
16、ut of fear that the public will find out the weaknesses of its computer system and lose confidence in its organization. Banks, credit card companies, and investment firms are especially sensitive about revealing their vulnerabilities (脆弱性) because they rely heavily on customer trust. To avoid public
17、 attention, cautious companies will often settle cases of computer tampering out of court. And if cases go to trial and the offenders are convicted, they may be punished only by a fine or light sentence because the judge or jury isnt fully trained to understand the nature and seriousness of the crim
18、e. Not all companies are timid in apprehending computer criminals. For example, Connecticut General Life Insurance Company decided it had to get tough on violators. So when the company discovered that one of its computer technician has embezzled $ 200,000 by entering faults benefit claims, it presen
19、ted it findings to the states attorney and aided in the prosecution of the technician. The technician was found guilty and sentenced to prison, not just for the computer misuse, but also for grand theft and insurance fraud. Connecticut General now has a policy of reporting all incidents of theft or
20、fraud, no matter how small. （分数：71.00）(1).It is more difficult to discover the criminals who committed with computer than those who committed without computer.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).The FBI knows exactly how large a loss is involved in computer crimes.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).It is hard to say that wh
21、ether computer crime is illegal or not because the exact rule varies greatly from territory to territory.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).It is implied in paragraph 4 that most computer criminals are the employees of the concerned companies.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Only the people at the next terminal con say w
22、hether one is committing a criminal act or not.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Many companies dont report computer crimes because law procedures against computer crimes usually cost a lot of money.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).The passage is mainly about the increase of computer crimes in America and the difficulti
23、es in combating computer crimes.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).In order to cope with the computer crime, at the present time more attorneys are specializing in computer law and studying the_ for misuse.（分数：7.10）_(9).If the cases do go to trial and the criminals are convicted, they may be punished only by_.（
24、分数：7.10）_(10).Connecticut General Life Insurance Company is cited as_ of companies that took serious measures to fight against computer crimes.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.The man enjoys traveling by car.B.The man lives far from the subway.C.The man is good at driving.D.The man
25、used to own a car.A.Tony should continue taking the course.B.She approves of Tonys decision.C.Tony can choose another science course.D.She cant meet Tony so early in the morning.A.She has to study for the exam.B.She is particularly interested in plays.C.Shes eager to watch the new play.D.She can len
26、d her notes to the man.A.They will be replaced by on-line education sooner or later.B.They will attract fewer kids as on-line education expands.C.They will continue to exist along with on-line education.D.They will limit their teaching to certain subjects only.A.Most students would like to work for
27、a newspaper.B.Most students find a job by reading advertisements.C.Most students find it hard to get a job after they graduate.D.Most students dont want jobs advertised in the newspapers.A.Move the washing machine to the basement.B.Turn the basement into a workshop.C.Repair the washing machine.D.Fin
28、ish his assignment.A.Some students at the back cannot hear the professor.B.The professor has changed his reading assignment.C.Some of the students are not on the professors list.D.The professor has brought extra copies of his assignment.A.She doesnt want to talk about the contest.B.Shes modest about
29、 her success in the contest.C.Shes spent two years studying English in Canada.D.Shes very proud of her success in the speech contest.A.Talking about sports.B.Writing up local news.C.Reading newspapers.D.Putting up advertisements.A.They shouldnt change their plan.B.Theyd better change their mind.C.Th
30、e tennis game wont last long.D.Weather forecasts are not reliable.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.In the office.B.In a factory.C.At the airport.D.At the railway station.A.She was busy working.B.She was having a holiday.C.She wanted to get relaxed.D.She wanted to shop for Christmas.A.Helen didnt say goo
31、dbye to Mary.B.Mary likes the mans new design.C.Helen has to finish the products for the Christmas season.D.The man knows both Helen and Mary very well.A.To help students prepare to enter American Universities.B.To teach students how to use English at work.C.To provide work opportunities for graduat
32、ing students.D.To help students learn to communicate with others in their daily lives.A.Business English.B.US Culture.C.TOEFL.D.Computer.A.May 29th.B.June 29th.C.July 29th.D.August 29th.A.Call the English Language Center to apply.B.Fill in the application form on the website.C.Send an email to the E
33、nglish Language Center.D.Visit the English Language Center personally.A.Its a rich country.B.Its a beautiful country.C.Its a free country.D.Its a welfare country.A.Two-thirds of all Canadian households.B.Three-fourths of all Canadian households.C.Half of the Canadian households.D.All of the Canadian
34、 households.A.Telephones.B.CD players.C.Video camera recorders.D.Home computers.A.$295,000.B.$59,746.C.$50,171.D.$29,490.A.It can be cooked in many ways.B.It is delicious but inexpensive.C.It gives higher yields than other grain crops.D.It grows easily in various conditions.A.Fried potatoes.B.Tomato
35、 juice.C.Sweet corn.D.Chocolate beans.A.They led to the discovery of America.B.They made native American foods popular.C.They brought great wealth to Spain.D.They made native American life styles well-known.A.It is the smallest one of all the stars.B.It is the nearest one to the earth.C.It is the bi
36、ggest one of all the stars.D.It is the farthest one from the earth.A.The moon.B.Other planets.C.Both A and B.D.Neither A nor B.A.Do much research in many fields of science.B.Understand people in other countries better.C.Both A and B.D.Neither A nor B.A.The earth is a planet.B.Stars in the sky are ac
37、tually as small as they look.C.Satellites are all made by men.D.Men can conquer other planets.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Some years ago, an American policeman found a woman lying near a lonely road. She did not appear to have had an accident. But she was (36) 1and clearly in a state of shock. So he
38、(37) 2her to the nearest hospital. She began to tell the doctor on duty the story which was astonishing and (38) 3. She had been driving along a country road when she had been stopped by a flying saucer landing in front of her. She had been forced to leave the car and enter the flying saucer by (39)
39、 4which looked like human beings and which could easily make themselves understood although they could not speak. It was as though they could read her thoughts and she could read theirs. They (40) 5her politely and allowed her to leave after carrying out a number of tests on her. As she otherwise se
40、ems to be (41) 6, the doctor decided that she was probably (42) 7from the side effects of some drug. The woman (43) 8on being allowed to go home. (44) 9. The police then started to make inquiries and soon discovered that there was already a search going on for the woman, whose husband had reported t
41、hat she had disappeared. (45) 10. In front of the car, the surface of the road had been completely destroyed not by an explosion or any thing of that kind, (46) 11.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)The fridge
42、 is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator“. In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher (肉商), the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered
43、 two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus (剩余的) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food, thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. The
44、 invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existednatural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling . What refrigeration did promote was marketingmarketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft
45、 drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price. Consequently, most of the worlds fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every
46、winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially- cooled space inside an artificially-heated house while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident, while its cont
47、ribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you dont believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers (汉堡包) . but at least youll get rid of that terrible hum. （分数：177.50）(1).The statement “In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.“ (Line 1, Para.2) suggests that_.（分数：35.50）A.the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fiftiesB.the author was not accustomed to use fridges even in his fiftiesC.there was no fridge in the autho
