1、大学英语四级 208及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about morality. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1.目前存在的社会道德问题 2. 分析产生这些问题的原因 3. 如何提高社会道德水平 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Compre
2、hensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)JOBS A person planning for a career today must look carefully at the expected occupational trends and changes in the job market. Affecting the economy are changes in the size, age, and distribution of the population, as well as developments in technology. These changes also aff
3、ect employment opportunities. For example, an aging population has increased the need for medical care and other health services. Computer technology has not only eliminated or changed the nature of many jobs but also created new occupations. By analyzing the changing economy and the factors causing
4、 these changes, a person can forecast, or predict, future trends in employment. A New Labor Force The United States labor force-the total number of people over the age of 16 who are employed or are actively seeking work totaled 127 million in 1992. By the year 2005, the labor force is expected to re
5、ach 151 million, an increase of 19%. This increase represents a slight slowdown in the growth of the labor force compared with growth during the previous 13-year period, 1979-1992. The slowdown is largely due to slower population growth in the United States. The U. S. labor force will become more di
6、verse by 2005, White non-Hispanic men will make up a slightly smaller proportion of the labor force than in 1992, while women and minority group members will make up a larger share, Between 1992 and 2005, blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and other ethnic(种族的) groups will account for roughly 35% of all peo
7、ple entering the work force. In addition, women will continue to join the labor force in growing numbers. In 1979, women made up 42% of the labor force. By 2005, their share is expected to be 48%. The age make-up of the U. S. population will change from 1992 to 2005. There will be a smaller proporti
8、on of children and teenagers and a larger proportion of middle-aged and older people. The decline in the proportion of Children and teenagers reflects the lower birth rates of the 1980s and 1990s. The large increase in the middle-aged population reflects the aging of the baby boom generation-people
9、born between 1946 and 1964. The rapid growth of the older population reflects both the high birth rates before the 1930s and improvements in medical technology that are allowing Americans to live longer. The changing age make-up of the U. S. population will directly affect tomorrows work force, Youn
10、g people age 16 to 24 are expected to make up roughly the same percentage of the labor force in 2005 as they did in 1992. However, the percentage of workers age 25 to 34 will decline dramatically, from 28% to 21%. The baby boom generation will continue to add members to the work force, but their sha
11、re will decline slightly. The most striking change will be a large increase in the percentage of workers between the ages of 45 and 54. These workers will account for 24% of the labor force in 2005, up from 18% in 1992. Workers in this age group usually have more employment experience than younger w
12、orkers. Thus, employers will be able to choose from a larger pool of experienced applicants, people seeking jobs, in coming years. Education: A Prerequisite(先决条件) for Employment The education level of the labor force has risen dramatically in recent years. In 1980, for example, 19% of all workers ag
13、e 25 and older had completed four years of college. In 1992, 27% had a bachelors degree or higher. The trend toward higher educational achievement is expected to continue. From 1992 to 2005, employment growth will be faster for occupations requiring higher levels of education or training than for th
14、ose requiring less. Managerial, professional, and technical positions will make up an increasing proportion of new jobs that become available. Many of the occupations projected for grow most rapidly are those with higher earnings. Office and factory automation, changes in consumer demand, and the mo
15、vement of factories overseas will continue to affect job opportunities. Employment in jobs requiring little formal education may decline. They may also stagnate, or stay the same, making job opportunities for people who have not finished high school increasingly limited. In addition, those workers w
16、ill be more likely to have low paying jobs with little opportunity for advancement. Goods Vs Services Today industries providing services employ more people than those providing goods. Currently, about 21% of the labor force is employed in goods-producing industries, such as mining, manufacturing, a
17、nd construction. About 79% of United States workers are employed in service-producing industries, such as health care, education, transportation, communications, and banking. Economists forecast a continued increase in the number of jobs in service-producing industries. By 2005, service jobs are exp
18、ected to make up 82% of the job market. Employment Trends in Service Industries Health services will continue to be one of the fastest growing industries in the U. S. economy from 1992 to 2005. For example, home health care is the second most rapidly growing industry today. The increased demand for
19、health services is due to improvements in medical technology, the growing size of the U.S. population, and the increasing proportion of older people in the population. Business services, also will generate many jobs by 2005. However, this industry will grow more slowly than it did from 1979 to 1992.
20、 Business services include one of the fastest growing industries in the U.S. economy: computer and data processing services. This industrys rapid growth is due to advances in technology, worldwide trends toward office and factory automation, and increased demand by companies, government agencies, an
21、d individuals. Other service industries also will experience growth from 1992 to 2005. Education, for example, is expected to add 2.8 million jobs due to population growth and rising school enrollments. Employment in social services is expected to increase by 1.7 million, In fact, the most rapidly g
22、rowing industry in the U. S. economy today is residential care. The economy will also see strong job growth in the passenger transportation industry, including travel agencies. Employment in the communications industry, however, is expected to decline by 12%. This decline is due to laborsaving techn
23、ology and increased competition among companies. Employment Trends in Goods-Producing Industries Overall employment in goods-producing industries is expected to show little change between 1992 and 2005. However, growth will vary among industries, with some industries experiencing an increase in jobs
24、 and others experiencing a decrease. Employment in the construction industry, for example, is expected to increase 26%, from 4. 5 million in 1992 to 5.6 million in 2005. The need to improve the nations roads, bridges, and tunnels will offset (补偿) the declining demand for new homes and office buildin
25、gs. Also, after declining for many years, overall employment in farming, forestry, and fishing is projected to grow by 14%, from 1.7 million to 2 million jobs. Jobs in other goods-producing industries will continue to decline. For example, employment in manufacturing is expected to decrease by 3% fr
26、om its 1992 level of 18 million jobs. Most of the jobs that will disappear will be production jobs, as machines continue to replace people. However, the number of professional and technical positions in manufacturing will increase. Mining employment, which includes the petroleum industry, is expecte
27、d to decline 11% by 2005, from 631,000 to 562,000 jobs. （分数：71.00）(1).The article deals with the employment of the future in the United States. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Slower population increase is largely responsible for the slight slowdown in the growth of the labor force. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Wo
28、rkers aged 25-34 usually have more employment experience than workers aged 16-24 . （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Although the job applicants have not finished high school, they are highly likely to be promoted. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).More people are employed in service sections than in manufacturing ones.
29、（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).The increasing proportion of older people is one of the reasons why home health care grows fastest today. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Loss of the production jobs will occur as robots continue to replace people. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Business services experience rapid growth as a r
30、esult of worldwide automation, growing demand and _. （分数：7.10）_(9).In 1992, employment in the manufacturing section was _. （分数：7.10）_(10).Increased competition among companies and labor-saving technology will contribute to a loss of jobs in _. （分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Robert
31、 deserves her thanks for his help.B.Robert didnt help much with the project.C.She finished her project before Robert finished his.D.She and Robert hadnt finished planning their project yet.A.How long hell be in Montreal.B.How he plans to travel to Montreal.C.What form of transportation hell use ther
32、e.D.What other cities hes planning to visit.A.Librarian and student.B.Boss and secretary.C.Operator and caller.D.Customer and repairman.A.He finds the presentation hard to follow.B.He considers the presentation very dull.C.He thinks Professor White has chosen an interesting topic.D.He speaks highly
33、of the presentation.A.That he first have it repaired and then change it with someone.B.That he leave it in the garage to be repaired.C.That he sell his car for a new one.D.That he keep his old car and get a new one.A.In the city.B.Near the train station.C.In the countryside.D.Near her workplace.A.A
34、day course.B.An evening course.C.The choice of courses.D.Their part-time job.A.He wrote a book about great restaurants.B.He always makes reservations for dinner.C.He read a book while he was eating dinner.D.He always finds good places to eat.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.It was about a little animal.
35、B.It took her six years to write.C.It was adapted from a fairy tale.D.It was about a little girl and her pet.A.She knows how to write best-selling novels.B.She can earn a lot of money by writing for adults.C.She is able to win enough support from publishers.D.She can make a living by doing what she
36、likes.A.The characters.B.The readers.C.Her ideas.D.Her life experiences.A.She doesnt really know where they originatedB.She mainly drew on stories of ancient saints.C.They popped out of her childhood dreams.D.They grew out of her long hours of thinking.A.International trade.B.Business studies.C.Info
37、rmation technology.D.English.A.Prestigious certificate.B.Overseas living experience.C.Cultural insights.D.New perspective on life.A.By the end of next month.B.By the end of this month.C.Next week.D.Early next month.A.Interviewer and applicant.B.Teacher and student.C.Colleagues.D.Salesperson and cust
38、omer.A.Between one hundred and three hundred.B.Between two hundred and four hundred.C.Between two hundred and three hundred.D.Between one hundred and two hundred.A.Students cheat on exams.B.Individuals take advantage of other people.C.Politicians tell lies in their dealings.D.Businessmen do not keep
39、 their contracts.A.There is still honesty.B.There is no honesty.C.Honesty is not important.D.None of the above.A.Trial-producing smaller cars to replace the bigger ones that are used today.B.Mass-producing some kinds of cars for tomorrow.C.Trying to make some new style vehicles that would be faster
40、and safer than the ones used today.D.Designing some cars that would have many advantages over the ones used today.A.They are pretty, safe and cheap.B.They are cheap and durable.C.They are safe, cheap and clean.D.They are powerful, beautiful and easy to drive.A.Both the big and small cars have some d
41、efects.B.The speaker is fully optimistic that the new cars will replace the cars in use today.C.The number of cars in use today should be reduced because of the pollution in cities.D.Gasoline is a pollutant, so other kinds of fuel should be found to replace it.A.A few inches above the knee.B.A littl
42、e below the knee.C.Down to the ankle.D.Floor-length.A.Boots.B.Sneakers.C.Slippers.D.Leather shoes.A.Fashions change overtime.B.Men are thriftier than women.C.Skirts and shoes are more important than other clothing.D.Some clothing may suit all occasions.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many people througho
43、ut the world are worried about their computers. They fear the machines have been (36) 1by a virus. A virus is a program that could destroy all the information the computers contain. It can remain (37) 2in a computer for a long time and then without warning it can destroy. It is (38) 3to a virus in t
44、he body that does not immediately cause disease. Nobody knows who created the (39) 4computer program, but it is known that the virus (40) 5from computer to computer through the (41) 6of programs that secretly carry it. If the virus becomes active, it could do a lot of damage. For example, it could c
45、ause companies or hospitals to lose all of their important (42) 7. Some experts have tested the virus and they say it will become active only if the computer is turned on when the computers clock (43) 8March 6th. (44) 9. Computer companies are also selling special programs that can find viruses and
46、deactivate them. (45) 10. Then no information will be lost if the computer is by a virus. People found guilty of spreading viruses may be forced to pay large amounts of money and they could be sent to prison. (46) 11 （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
47、 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Do we need laws that prevent us from running risks with our lives? If so, then perhaps laws are needed prohibiting the sale of cigarettes and alcoholic drinks. Both products have been known to kill people. The hazards of drinking too much alcohol are as bad
48、 or worse than the hazards of smoking too many cigarettes. All right then, lets pass a law closing the liquor stores and the bars in this country. Lets put an end once and for all to the ruinous disease from which as many as 10 million Americans currently suffer alcoholism. But wait. Weve already trie
