1、大学英语四级 172 及答案解析(总分：746.55，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Teacher. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1张老师是我最敬爱的老师。 2张老师知识渊博，治学严谨。 3我要以张老师为榜样，努力学习。 （分数：30.00）_二、R
2、eading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Mathematics Education of Japan Generally speaking, people emphasize that elementary school children should be taught just basic mathematic fundamentals and knowledge, such as basic calculation or understanding the names and the properties of simple diagrams. In suc
3、h lessons, teachers teach mathematics lessons in a way that children do not think deeply about mathematical maters, that is, children just learn the procedures of calculation, the properties of diagrams, etc. I am sure that children should learn basic and fundamental skills and knowledge, however, s
4、uch lessons do not promote interest and appreciation of mathematical learning. I think that children do need to think for themselves and act for themselves through mathematics lessons in addition to mathematic fundamentals. Then, how can we foster childrens abilities to think and express themselves
5、mathematically? I will present my fundamental ideas and an actual record of lessons. Add Advanced Learning in Mathematics Curriculum or Develop the Curriculum Curriculum standards show explicitly minimum essentials that children have to learn in school. Japanese textbooks are written based on the cu
6、rriculum standards and it has no extension because of limitation. It is a teachers responsibility to lead his/her lesson to develop childrens thinking beyond the restrictions of the textbook. Furthermore, we need to plan advanced learning in our mathematics curriculum within limited teaching hours.
7、This means that we should intersperse the curriculum standards with expanded content. Changing from “Knowledge Pouring-type Lessons“ to “Knowledge Creating-type Lessons“ Next, we teachers need to change our views of elementary mathematics lessons. We should try to change from traditional “Knowledge
8、Pouring-type Lessons“ to “Knowledge Creating-type Lessons“. Knowledge pouring-type lesson means a traditional and conventional style where teachers give children ready-made mathematics knowledge and concepts in a one-side way. On the contrary, knowledge creating-type lesson means that children creat
9、e mathematics knowledge and concepts themselves. This change is needed for children as well as for teachers. It is important that children feel that learning mathematics is to create new mathematics thinking, while talking about mathematical maters together. The Way of Thinking About “Knowledge Crea
10、ting-type Lessons“ The necessary condition to approve “Knowledge Creating-type Lessons“ is the thought that elementary mathematics lessons consist of childrens constructive activities (the view of constructive learning). Constructive learning is done through childrens collaborative and interactive l
11、earning about each thought. Therefore, teachers do not explicitly teach children their knowledge and skill but children grasp a problem themselves, pursue, and solve the problem. Thus, they create new knowledge themselves through the learning of problem solving, (but, I do not agree to what is calle
12、d “New-New Math“, overemphasizing constructive learning without basic drills. Until now it has been said that such learning is only for advanced children; however, this method could be used to deepen mathematical understanding in low-level children also. The situation where the class includes variou
13、s types of children all thinking together in mathematics lessons makes it possible to practice knowledge creating-type lessons. That is, in normal classrooms of mixed abilities, we can make use of childrens thoughts, developing their learning and creating new knowledge. Because of this we do not nee
14、d to group children specially. The Role of Teacher is to Draw Out Childrens Thoughts What is the way to be able to make use of low-level childrens thoughts as 1 stated in the above chapter? It means that childrens simple and natural questions and thoughts could be important elements of mathematics l
15、essons. That is, childrens expressions, words, attitudes, and responses could be elements that are integrated into mathematics lessons. Sometimes, childrens murmuring and mistakes can be important cues. The teacher needs the ability to draw out childrens expressions and to teach children how to expr
16、ess their thoughts. The teacher has to draw out childrens thoughts, listen to them, and let children discuss them together, and by doing so expanding their thoughts. In other words, a teacher would act as a chair presiding over a lesson or as the coordinator of it. When to Advance Childrens Mathemat
17、ical Thinking and Expression Abilities Although we might say we can do it in every lesson stage, it is first clear that we can encourage children when to ask questions. Children discover new problems when facing various mathematical teaching materials that the teacher presents in, a lesson. When dis
18、covering new problems, they have to think about it in many ways and express their thoughts. Next, their abilities can be developed at the stage where they pursue their problem cooperatively. Then, they have to think out and express their thoughts and solutions. Moreover, to analyze the expression pr
19、esented also can become a mater to think about together. Therefore, It is important that we teachers lead children to discover other new problems after they solve the previous problem. That is, knowledge creating-type lessons show continuous problem solving from problem to problem. Such lessons make
20、 it possible to draw out and encourage childrens thinking and expressions. The point is that we let children think about and discuss mathematical matters, which can be a method to foster childrens mathematical thinking and expressions ability. Recently, it has been said loudly that we should reform
21、our mathematics education. But frankly speaking, we cannot say it has been very fruitful. Various proposals have been made about how to teach mathematics lessons, however, I have not heard mathematics classroom in school has been actually reformed. The reason why lesson reform has been less successf
22、ul may be that teachers have not considered much of childrens thoughts and feelings in mathematics lessons until now. Therefore, we need to accept and consider childrens thinking and expression much more. In other words, we need to reform our lessons into continuous problem solving lessons that fost
23、er childrens mathematical thinking and expression abilities. Through continuous practicing lessons that make children think and expression themselves mathematically, children acquire basic skills and knowledge. It is not too much to say that basic mathematic fundamentals can be acquired through adva
24、nced learning and developing curriculum standards. Moreover, teachers also need to develop new teaching materials in order to create lessons fostering childrens mathematical thinking and expression abilities. It is important that teachers study the subject of mathematics themselves and teach childre
25、n mathematics creatively. （分数：71.00）(1).Japanese mathematics textbooks are too limited by the curriculum standards.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).The author prefers “Knowledge Pouring-type Lessons“ to “Knowledge Creating-type Lessons“ in the teaching of mathematics.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Knowledge Creating-
26、type Lessons could only be applied to the advanced children.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).The first time in a class to advance childrens thinking and expression abilities is when they ask questions.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Chances for children to discuss mathematical matters in class can foster their mathema
27、tical thinking and expressions ability.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).The reform of mathematics education has been fruitful.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).To be a good mathematical teacher, the teacher himself/herself should also learn to be creative.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).The chief concern of the author in this es
28、say is how to foster childrens_in mathematics lesson.（分数：7.10）_(9).Mathematic lessons of “Knowledge Creating-type“ consist of childrens_.（分数：7.10）_(10).To date, there hasnt been much improvement in mathematics lesson due to the fact that few teachers have considered the childrens_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listen
29、ing Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.The man saw Mark on the street two months ago.B.The woman had forgotten Marks phone number.C.The woman made a phone call to Mark yesterday.D.Mark and the woman had not been in touch for some time.A.The man is late for the trip because he is busy.B.The woman is glad to
30、 meet Mr. Brown in person.C.The man is meeting the woman on behalf of Mr. Brown.D.The woman feels sorry that Mr. Brown is unable to come.A.At 10:30.B.At 10:25.C.At 10:40.D.At 10:45.A.The man no longer smokes.B.The man is under pressure from his wife.C.The man usually follows his wifes advice.D.The m
31、an refuses to listen to his doctors advice.A.Move to a big city.B.Become a teacher.C.Go back to school.D.Work in New York.A.Quit delivering flowers.B.Work at a restaurant.C.Bring her flowers every day.D.Leave his job to work for her.A.She can find the right person to help the man.B.She can help the
32、man out.C.Shes also in need of a textbook.D.She picked up the book from the bus floor.A.The man was confused about the date of the appointment.B.The man wants to change the date of the appointment.C.The man is glad hes got in touch with the doctor.D.The man cant come for the appointment at 4:15.A.Th
33、e two speakers are at a loss what to do.B.The man is worried about his future.C.The two speakers are seniors at college.D.The woman regrets spending her time idly.A.She has learned a lot from the novel.B.She also found the plot difficult to follow.C.She usually has difficulty remembering names.D.She
34、 can recall the names of most characters in the novel.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.A sick friend.B.A math class.C.School policy.D.The mans test.A.Because it is against the law.B.Because the man is not a member of Terrys family.C.Because the woman cannot find the test.D.Because Terry was too sick to
35、take the test.A.Young.B.Purcell.C.Raleigh.D.Kelly.A.Call his friend.B.Go to the office to get his test.C.Send the woman a letter.D.Take the test later.A.In a dentists office.B.In a drugstore.C.In a hospital.D.In a doctors office.A.To tell him that the woman would meet him at his office.B.To ask him
36、for an appointment.C.To ask him what time the womans appointment was.D.To get a prescription for the woman.A.The woman had a toothache.B.She wanted to buy some aspirin.C.She was a regular patient of Dr. Williams.D.Dr. Williams was very busy.A.She stopped being a homemaker.B.She became a famous educa
37、tor.C.She became a public figure.D.She quit driving altogether.A.A motorists speeding.B.Her running a stop sign.C.Her lack of driving experience.D.A motorists failure to concentrate.A.Nervous and unsure of herself.B.Calm and confident of herself.C.Courageous and forceful.D.Distracted and reluctant.A
38、.More strict training of women drivers.B.Restrictions on cell phone use while driving.C.Improved traffic conditions in cities.D.New regulations to ensure childrens safety.A.90 hours.B.86 hours.C.84 hours.D.96 hours.A.They felt the time for sleeping was too short.B.They were too excited to have a goo
39、d rest.C.They felt time passed too slowly.D.They were too hungry to fall asleep.A.Because the nights were longer than the days.B.Because they felt sleepier at night than in the daytime.C.Because they could not have hot food or drinks.D.Because there were nobody cheering them up.A.Why people hold bac
40、k their tears.B.Why people cry and the benefits of tears.C.How to restrain ones tears.D.How tears are produced.A.Only humans respond to emotions by shedding tears.B.Only humans shed tears to get rid of irritating stuffs in their eyes.C.Only human tears can resist the invading bacteria.D.Only human t
41、ears can discharge certain chemicals.A.Only one out of four girls cries less often than boys do.B.Of four boys, only one cries very often.C.Girls cry four times as often as boys do.D.Only one out of four babies doesnt cry often.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Its never too early to (36) 1your skin-or you
42、r childrens-from the sun. The sun produces (37) 2 rays- (38) 3 A (UVA. and (39) 4B (UVB. -that can cause short-and long-term skin damage. The immediate effects of harmful (40) 5- (41) 6, photosensitive (42) 7, and cell and (43) 8damage-are bad enough. But medical experts believe that (44) 9.Health e
43、xperts also believe that UVA may weaken the immune system. (45) 10.Using sunscreens regularly on children, for example, can reduce their risk of skin damage later in life. Sunscreens provide some protection by blocking the suns rays on the skin. (46) 11. But no sunscreen totally blocks the suns rays
44、. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)While traveling abroad, Mr. Jackson Frank ran short of money. So he wrote to his brother, asking for $ 500. “Send the money by telegram, “he wrote, “to the Fisher Bank in P
45、.“ After a week he began calling at the Fisher Bank. He showed his passport. “Nothing has come for you, “he was told. This went on for two weeks and Mr. Frank got very worried. He sent a telegram to his brother, asking where the money was. There was no reply, and no money arrived for him. In the fou
46、rth week Mr. Frank was .arrested for failing to pay his hotel hill. His passport was taken from him. He tried to explain the problem, but no one believed him. He was sent to prison for six days. When he came out, he went immediately to the Fisher bank. The clerk he spoke to was a nevi man. “Have you
47、 received $ 500 for me? “he ask, “My name is Jackson Frank.“ The clerk checked his books. “Yes, Jackson, its here. It came by telegram. -let me see-oh, more than two months ago. We wondered where you were. “He showed Mr. Frank the order. The order read: “Pay Mr. Frank Jackson the sum of $ 500.“ “But my name is Jackson Frank, not Frank Jackson.“ “Oh, that s all right, sir. It was in our books under the letter J , but its your money. “The clerk laughed, “A human mistake, sir! We re all human beings, arent we? And so we all m
