1、大学英语四级 169 及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.A friend of yours called Xiao Lin gave a party yesterday, which you enjoyed. In this section you are required to write an e mail to Xiao Lin to express your appreciation. You should write no more than 120 words and base y
2、our composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 1. 表示感谢她的邀请； 2. 晚会中你喜欢的活动； 3. 建议下次见面的安排。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Landfills You have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into
3、the trash can. You dont think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You dont have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the tra
4、sh truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up. Americans generate trash at an astonishing rate of four pounds per day per person, which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year! This is almost twice as much trash per person as most other major countries. What happens to
5、this trash? Some gets recycled (回收利用) or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfills. How Much Trash Is Generated? Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in the United States annually, about 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is either recycled (glass, pap
6、er products, plastic, metals) or composted (使成堆肥) (yard waste). The remaining trash, which is mostly unrecyclable, is discarded. How Is Trash Disposed of? The trash production in the United States has almost tripled since 1960. This trash is handled in various ways. About 27 percent of the trash is
7、recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries (United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan) in landfill disposal. The Unit
8、ed Kingdom ranks highest, burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills. What Is a Landfill? There are two ways to bury trash: ? Dumpan open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (rats, mice, birds). (This is most peoples idea of a landfill!) ? Landf
9、illcarefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil. ? Sanitary landfilllandfill that uses a clay liner to isolate the tr
10、ash from the environment ? Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfilllandfill that uses a synthetic (plastic) liner to isolate the trash from the environment The purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it will be isolated from groundwater, will be kept dry and will not be in contact
11、with air. Under these conditions, trash will not decompose (腐烂) much. A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly. Proposing the Landfill For a landfill to be built, the operators have to make sure that they follow certain st
12、eps. In most parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate. The whole process begins with someone proposing the landfill. In the United States, taking care of trash and building landfills are local government responsibilities. Before a ci
13、ty or other authority can build a landfill, an environmental impact study must be done on the proposed site to determine: - the area of land necessary for the landfill - the composition of the underlying soil and bedrock - the flow of surface water over the site - the impact of the proposed landfill
14、 on the local environment and wildlife - the historical value of the proposed site Building the Landfill Once the environmental impact study is complete, the permits are granted and the funds have been raised, then construction begins. First, access roads to the landfill site must be built if they d
15、o not already exist. These roads will be used by construction equipment, sanitation (环卫) services and the general public. After roads have been built, digging can begin. In the North Wake County Landfill, the landfill began 10 feet below the road surface. What Happens to Trash in a Landfill? Trash p
16、ut in a landfill will stay there for a very long time. Inside a landfill, there is little oxygen and little moisture. Under these conditions, trash does not break down very rapidly. In fact, when old landfills have been dug up or sampled, 40-year-old newspapers have been found with easily readable p
17、rint. Landfills are not designed to break down trash, merely to bury it. When a landfill closes, the site, especially the groundwater, must be monitored and maintained for up to 30 years! How Is a Landfill Operated? A landfill, such as the North Wake County Landfill, must be open and available every
18、 day. Customers are typically municipalities and construction companies, although residents may also use the landfill. Near the entrance of the landfill is a recycling center where residents can drop off recyclable materials (aluminum cans, glass bottles, newspapers and paper products). This helps t
19、o reduce the amount of material in the landfill. Some of these materials are banned from landfills by law because they can be recycled. As customers enter the site, their trucks are weighed at the scale house. Customers are charged tipping fees for using the site. The tipping fees vary from $10 to $
20、40 per ton. These fees are used to pay for operation costs. The North Wake County Landfill has an operating budget of approximately $4.5 million, and part of that comes from tipping tees. Along the site, there are drop-off stations for materials that are not wanted or legally banned by the landfill.
21、 A multi-material drop-off station is used for tires, motor oil, lead-acid batteries. Some of these materials can be recycled. In addition, there is a household hazardous waste drop-off station for chemicals (paints, pesticides, other chemicals) that are banned from the landfill. These chemicals are
22、 disposed of by private companies. Some paints can be recycled and some organic chemicals can be burned in furnaces or power plants. Other structures alongside the landfill are the borrowed area that supplies the soil for the landfill, the runoff collection pond and methane (甲烷) station. Landfills a
23、re complicated structures that, when properly designed and managed, serve an important purpose. In the future, new technologies called bioreactors will be used to speed the breakdown of trash in landfills and produce more methane. （分数：71.00）(1).The passage gives a general description of the structur
24、e and use of a landfill.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Most of the trash that Americans generate ends up in landfills.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Compared with other major industrialized countries, America buries a much higher percentage of its solid waste in landfills.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Landfills are like c
25、ompost piles in that they speed up decomposition of the buried trash.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).In most countries the selection of a landfill site is governed by rules and regulations.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).In the United States the building of landfills is the job of both federal and local governments.（
26、分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Hazardous wastes have to be treated before being dumped into landfills.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Typical customers of a landfill are 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).To dispose of a ton of trash in a landfill, customers have to pay a tipping fee of 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Materials that are n
27、ot permitted to be buried in landfills should be dumped at 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Robert deserves her thanks for his help.B.Robert didnt help much with the project.C.She finished her project before Robert finished his.D.She and Robert hadnt finished planning their
28、project yet.A.How long hell be in Montreal.B.How he plans to travel to Montreal.C.What form of transportation hell use there.D.What other cities hes planning to visit.A.Librarian and student.B.Boss and secretary.C.Operator and caller.D.Customer and repairman.A.He finds the presentation hard to follo
29、w.B.He considers the presentation very dull.C.He thinks Professor White has chosen an interesting topic.D.He speaks highly of the presentation.A.That he first have it repaired and then change it with someone.B.That he leave it in the garage to be repaired.C.That he sell his car for a new one.D.That
30、he keep his old car and get a new one.A.In the city.B.Near the train station.C.In the countryside.D.Near her workplace.A.A day course.B.An evening course.C.The choice of courses.D.Their part-time job.A.He wrote a book about great restaurants.B.He always makes reservations for dinner.C.He read a book
31、 while he was eating dinner.D.He always finds good places to eat.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Her colleagues.B.Her neighbors.C.Her friends.D.Her schoolmates.A.At supper - time.B.Before Jane went to bed.C.Around eleven.D.After midnight.A.To watch the night scenes.B.To look up at the stars.C.To clean
32、up the roof.D.To show their visitor the view.A.Relaxing.B.Watching TV.C.Knitting sacks.D.Collecting buttons.A.She thinks it is very helpful.B.She thinks it is a waste of time.C.She thinks it is very interesting.D.She thinks the man can learn a lot from it.A.Have a rest.B.Have a good time.C.Have a ba
33、th.D.Have an exercise.A.He likes doing things while he rests.B.He likes learning new things.C.He likes working.D.He likes doing nothing while he rests.A.Because he wanted to be a great actor.B.Because he wanted to be a playwright.C.Because he was too poor to live on.D.Because he wanted to take care
34、of horses.A.On foot.B.Riding horses.C.By carriage.D.Riding donkeys.A.When he was taking care of horses.B.When he was given an opportunity to play a part on the stage.C.When he began play-writing.D.When he had written many plays.A.Description.B.Argumentation.C.Joke.D.Exposition.A.To make a journey.B.
35、To attend a meeting.C.To purchase something.D.To meet his wife.A.The scientist is too timid to exchange seats.B.The broken seat distresses the scientists liver.C.Its the first time the scientist be ashen and distraught.D.No one sits in the seat facing the scientist.A.Inflexible.B.Diligent.C.Bulky.D.
36、Bright.A.Her husband had got a higher position.B.Her husband had lost his job.C.She wanted to have a cleaner house.D.She wanted to move to New York.A.His telephone went out of order.B.The buyers had to leave soon.C.He began to work at 8 a. m.D.He had made an appointment with her for 8 a. m.A.They co
37、nsidered her lazy.B.They saw something they had never seen.C.They considered her foolish.D.They saw something familiar to them.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If you are a young college student, most of your concerns about your health and happiness in life are probably(S1) 1 on the present. Basically, yo
38、u want to feel good physically, mentally, and(S2) 2 now. You probably dont spend much time worrying about the(S3) 3 future, such as whether you will develop heart disease, or (S4) 4, how you will take care of yourself in your (S5) 5 years, or how long you are going to live. Such thoughts may have (S
39、6) 6 your mind once in a while, however, If you are in your thirties, forties, fifties, or older, such health related thoughts are likely to become (S7) 7important to you. (S8) 8 that will help you feel better physically and mentally. Recently researchers have found that, even in late adulthood, exe
40、rcise, strength training with weights, and better food can help elderly individuals significantly improve their health and add happiness to their life. (S9) 9 giving us the opportunity to avoid some of the health problems that have troubled them. (S10) 10.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:
41、_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine (内燃机) has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases
42、 and pistons (活塞) being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computers impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a for
43、m of literacy (读写能力); it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art. Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this
44、 is quite different form saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin-making. Learning ho
45、w to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more “user-friendly“. Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase “learning to use a computer“ mean? It sounds li
46、ke “learning to drive a car“, that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer. In fact, “learning to use a computer“ is much more like “learning to play a game“, but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, wh
47、ose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished. （分数：177.50）(1).To be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should_.（分数：35.50）A.try to lay a solid f
48、oundation in computer scienceB.be aware of how the things that they use do what they doC.learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skillsD.understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car(2).In the second paragraph “violin-making“ is mentioned to show that_.（分数：35.50）A.programming a computer is as interesting as making a violinB.our society needs experts in different fieldsC.violin-making requires as much skill as computer programmingD.people who can use computer dont necessarily have to know computer prog
