1、大学英语四级 155 及答案解析(总分：746.58，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Role of Science and Technology in Mordern Life. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1. Human life can no
2、t continue without science and technology. 2. The development of science and technology has brought about many changes in peoples life. 3. Science and technology also play an important role in our socialist construction. （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Hat Dogs and Apple Pie America
3、s favorite foods Today we tell about some of the foods that Americans like best-Americas favorites. You may have heard that Americans like hot dogs and hamburgers best of all foods. Well, farmers and owners of public eating places might happily agree. So might the nations Meat Institute and the Nati
4、onal Hot Dog version of a hot dog has no meat at all. It often contains tofu, made from soy plants. The hot dog is shaped like a tube. Many people say it looks like a Dachshund dog. It is served between two shaped pieces of bread called a bun. Americans often say they especially like hot dogs cooked
5、 over a hot fire in the open air. People at sports events buy plenty of hot dogs. For many people, it is not just the meat that tastes so good. These people enjoy colorful and tasty additions. For example, they include a yellow or yellow-brown thickened liquid called mustard. They may also put red c
6、atsup and pieces of a white or red, strong-smelling vegetable called onion on their hot dogs. Hot dog eaters often add pickle, a salty green vegetable. Some people place barbecue sauce on top of all this. Or they use a spice called horseradish. It gives the hot dog a pleasant bite. Hot Dogs Story A
7、hot dog is also known as a frankfurter or frank. That is because the city of Frankfurt-am-Main. Germany is often said to be the birthplace of this sausage. But the National Hot Dog and Sausage Council says there are other ideas about where the hot dog began. One version of hot dog history says a but
8、cher, or meat cutter, from the German city of Coburg was responsible. It says he invented the hot dog in the late sixteen hundreds. Vienna, Austria, also claims that it created the food. The council says butchers from several countries probably brought common European sausages to America. A street s
9、alesman sold hot dogs to people in New York City in the eighteen sixties. And, in eighteen seventy one, a hot dog stand opened at the Coney Island amusement park in New York City. Hamburgers Americans also eat lots of hamburgers. This ground meat comes from beef. It can be cooked in many ways. Like
10、hot dogs, hamburgers are a favorite picnic food. Many public eating places in the United States say hamburgers are their most popular foods. People often eat them in places that serve quickly prepared, moderately priced food. Like hot dog experts, hamburger historians disagree about how their subjec
11、t got started. The Egyptians and Romans apparently ate ancient versions of hamburgers. In more modern days, people in Hamburg, Germany, made something like a hamburger from pork and beef. First Modern Hamburger The small town of Seymour, Wisconsin, is among several American towns that claim to have
12、created the first modern hamburger in the United States. In Seymour, a man named Charlie Nagreen tried to sell meatballs at a local fair in eighteen eighty-five. But as people walked around, it was hard for them to handle the round pieces of meat. So Nagreen flattened the ball of meat. Then he place
13、d this meat patty between two pieces of bread. In two thousand one, people in Seymour cooked a hamburger that weighed more than three thousand kilograms. This creation reportedly fed thirteen thousand people. Like hot dogs, Americans like their hamburgers with additions. Things like mustard, catsup,
14、 horseradish, mayonnaise, barbecue sauce, tomatoes, lettuce, onion and perhaps a pickle. A hamburger with cheese melted on it is called a cheeseburger. Cooks make a “Sloppy Joe“ by combining hamburger meat with tomato sauce. Many people eat the Sloppy Joe mixture on a bun. Without a bun, they may ge
15、t more of the loose meat on them than inside them. For many people, eating both hot dogs and hamburgers does not seem right without potatoes. They eat French fries and potato chips with these meats. French fries are strips, or pieces, of potato cooked in oil. Potato chips are extremely thin, cooled
16、pieces of potato. They usually are also cooked in oil. Pizza, Spaghetti and others Americans also buy or make large amounts of pizza. A basic pizza contains tomato sauce or cheese, or both, on a bread-like material. Food writer Linda Stradley tells about the history of pizza on her computer Web site
17、, “Whats Cooking America“. Ms Stradley says it could have been the Phoenicians, Greeks or Romans who invented pizza. Or, it could have been anyone who mixed flour with water and cooked it on a hot stone. Italians probably brought pizza to the United States in the second half of the nineteenth centur
18、y. In nineteen-oh-five, Gennaro Lombardi reportedly opened the first pizza store in New York City. In the nineteen thirties, he added tables to his pizza place. Lombardi also began serving spaghetti. Spaghetti is a traditional Italian favorite that also has become an American favorite. It is made fr
19、om flour and water and sometimes eggs. This dough is pulled into lengths and boiled. Any kinds of foods can be added to both pizza and spaghetti to add to their taste. For example, people like these foods with different meats on top. Or they like toppings of small fish called anchovies, or vegetable
20、s called mushrooms. Some people like all the additions at once. Another favorite food, macaroni, is similar to spaghetti. Many Americans remember that their mothers made macaroni cooked with cheese on cold winter days. People sometimes call this dish “comfort food“, because it makes them feel better
21、. Others praise hot soups prepared in their childhood homes. Some people say chicken soupchicken pieces in liquidcan cure anything. Still others say New England clam chowder helps them think. This soup contains the shellfish clams floating in a milky liquid. Another version of clam chowder has tomat
22、o sauce. It looks red. Chocolate To end a meal, or between meals, Americans often eat chocolate in some form. They eat millions and millions of kilograms of chocolate a year. Chocolate is produced from cocoa beans. It is used in sweet foods like candy, pies, puddings and cakes. Many people say choco
23、late makes them feel happier. People have praised chocolate for its taste for many years. Some studies have shown that it can help chase away mild feelings of sadness. But chocolate often has a large amount of fat. However, some experts now say a moderate amount of chocolate can be healthful. For ex
24、ample, the Cleveland Clinic Heart Center in Ohio notes that chocolate contains substances called antioxidants. Antioxidants are thought to help the body fight damage caused by natural processes and harmful substances in the environment. The Heart Center suggests choosing dark chocolate instead of mi
25、lk chocolate. And it warns that people should restrict themselves to a moderate amount. Pie Like people in many parts of the world, Americans love pie. These sweet dishes have fruit, nuts or some other filling in a crust. Some people say pies are the best comfort food ever. That can be debated. Pie
26、can be the most inviting food ever. A red strawberry pie or a yellow Key lime pie can defeat the strongest resolution of people trying to lose weight. But apple pie may be a top American favorite. Over time, this dish has come to be strongly linked to the United States. When someone or something see
27、ms especially American, people say it is “as American as apple pie.“ （分数：71.00）(1).All Americans agree that hot dogs and hamburgers are their favorite foods.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).A hot dog is usually made from pork, beef, turkey and tofu.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).The National Hot Dog and Sausage Counc
28、il say Germany is the birthplace of the hot dog.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Unlike hot dogs, hamburgers are a favorite picnic food.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).A “Sloppy Joe“ combines cheese and hamburger meat together.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).In the first half of the nineteenth century, Italians probably brough
29、t pizza to the United States.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Many Americans remember that their fathers made macaroni cooked with cheese on hot summer days.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Some sweet foods, _, contain chocolate.（分数：7.10）_(9).The Heart Center warn public, _concerning the amount of chocolate consuming.（
30、分数：7.10）_(10).The author_ that “pies are the best comfort food ever“.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.He ate all the food.B.He cleaned the refrigerator.C.He worked day and night.D.He had a big lunch.A.Hes playing sports.B.Hes watching sports games.C.Hes driving.D.Hes fighting.A.She
31、didnt feel well.B.She went dancing earlier.C.She came down to go dancing.D.She got mad at the woman.A.$5.00B.$5.60C.$4.40D.$6.60A.In a shipping company office.B.In Professor Bensons office.C.In a publishers office.D.In a university store.A.They will have to take a different bus.B.The trip is too dan
32、gerous.C.They will have to wait.D.There is a problem with the bus.A.A secretary.B.A novelist.C.A newspaperman.D.A businessman.A.In New York.B.In Boston.C.In Michigan.D.In Washington.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Children Literature.B.American Literature.C.Medicine.D.Elementary Education.A.They find t
33、hese stories interesting.B.They can learn how to write such stories.C.These stories are written by a famous doctor.D.The stories are on their reading list.A.They are the same person.B.One is a doctor and the other is a writer.C.Both of them are teachers.D.They are from different departments.A.It is
34、a book written only for classroom reading.B.It is a book on education.C.It has a vocabulary of only two hundred words.D.It was written by a child.A.A comparison between jellyfish and fish.B.Jellyfish and its movement.C.Jellyfisha fascinating sea animal.D.Jellyfish and tiny creatures in the sea.A.It
35、moves the same way as fish do.B.It is propelled by tides and currents.C.It swims with its string in all directions.D.It copies the principle of jet propulsion.A.When descending from a higher position.B.When tailing to go after its food.C.When propelling itself towards its food.D.When being taken by
36、tides and currents.A.Most of the undergraduates.B.Many undergraduates.C.Many students in the driving school.D.Most of the students who learn international trade.A.They need this skill to find a good job.B.They like to drive cars.C.They will not have any time to learn to drive after they have found a
37、 full-time job.D.Most of them will be able to buy cars in the future.A.He thought it was better to learn it at college than at work.B.He decided it was a waste of money and time to learn to drive.C.He agreed that they could learn to drive.D.He thought they would spend three times more time to learn
38、to drive than usual.A.He was good at writing about interesting people.B.It was much easier to write stories about people.C.He believed that people are always easier to learn about other people.D.He thought people played an important role in world events.A.Action.B.World News.C.Enterprise.D.Faces and
39、 Places.A.He is a sportsman.B.He is an actor.C.He is a photographer.D.He is a publisher.A.European expeditions in the 1700s.B.The growth of Los Angeles.C.Famous sites in Los Angeles.D.The entertainment industry.A.The oceans and the gold rush.B.Tourism and the entertainment industry.C.The railroads a
40、nd the discovery of oil.D.Sea trade and the airplane industry.A.300 years.B.50 years.C.200 years.D.100 years.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics. Dale Carnegie (36) 1as much more than 50
41、years ago: Hard work alone doesnt (37) 2career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious (38) 3of engaging in office politics, a better job, a raise, praise, many people are still unable or (39) 4to play the game.
42、People (40) 5that office politics involves some manipulative . But politics (41) 6from the word “polite“. It can mean lobbying and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your (42) 7, and then expecting something in return. In fact, today, experts define of
43、fice politics as proper (43) 8used to pursue ones own self-interest in the workplace. (44) 9, not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well. “The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,“ says Neil P. Lewis, a management psycholo
44、gist. “(45) 10, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. Its simple human nature.“ (46) 11. Some people have an idealistic vision of work and what it lakes to succeed. Others connect politics with flattery. If they speak up for thems
45、elves, they may appear to flatter their boss for favors. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Listening to music while you drive can improve your reaction time and ability to avoid hazards, according to Australi
46、an psychologists. But turning your car stereo up to full volume could probably make you end up in an accident. The performance of complex tasks can be affected if people are subjected to loud noise. The experience of pulling up at traffic lights alongside cars shaking with heavy bass (低音) prompted s
47、ome psychologists in the University of Sydney to investigate whether loud music interferes with driving. The psychologists recruited 60 men and women aged between 20 and 28 as subjects and tested them on simulated (模拟的) driving tasks under three noise conditions: silence, rock music played at a gentle 55 decibels, and the same music roaring out at 85 decibels. For 10 minutes the subjects sat in front of a monitor operating a steering wheel and foot pedals representing the brake and accelerator (加速器). They had to track a moving disk on screen, r
