1、大学英语四级 151及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic College Students No Longer Free. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1大学教育改革有两项新的举措：交学费和不包分配。 2两项措施的可取之处。 3两项
2、措施带来的新问题。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The Biggest Australian Budget Ever The Australian government is to announce some of the biggest ever spending increases in education, welfare, the foreign office and defence at lunchtime tomorrow. After a decade of strong industrial growth,
3、record low unemployment and a booming economy, the government feels confident enough to reinvest some of the funds it has been hoarding since it came to power four years ago. In accordance with the priorities which were stated when the Liberal party was elected, a very sizeable portion of this bount
4、y will go to education and to schools in particular. Approximately A $1 billion is expected to go on educational building through the Neighbourhood Renewal Scheme. School buildings have suffered shameful neglect for over half a century. The population has grown and education has changed in that time
5、 but no new school buildings have been erected for 10 years. But this change should increase expenditure per child from some A $350 to over A $700. A further A $400 million will go on increasing teachers pay. There is national shortage of teachers, especially in areas such as science, mathematics an
6、d religion. The target to increase teachers in training to 5, 600 last year was missed by a huge margin; only 2, 533 actually enrolled. Increase both in basic pay and in incentive enrolled. Increases both in basic pay and in incentive schemes, such as rewards for conspicuous achievement and cash pay
7、ments for trainee teachers, will be made. In contrast to last year, expenditure on health will rise by less than one per cent and changes here will be in research funding. The most notable change is in funding to the Adelaide Epidemiology Center which is nearing its goal of marketing a vaccination a
8、gainst AIDS. The Department of Health will inject A $5. 8 million for the large-scale, double-blind trials it requires. This compares with A $ 575, 000 invested by the government in this programme last year. A government spokesman explains that, “health will be taking a back seat this year because o
9、f the huge increases announced in this area over the previous two years.“ In other areas significant changes are also occurring. In the Department of Pensions and Welfare, state old age pensions, frozen at A $204 per month for the last three years are set to rise to A $225 per month. Unemployment be
10、nefit, likewise frozen for three years, is also set to rise but not until next year. Thereafter, rises of 10.5% over each of the remaining three years of this Parliament are schedules. This is not as generous as it may seem, however, as certain categories of expenditure will be phased out. The Work
11、Now Scheme to encourage single mothers back into the labour market will go, as will the infamous YTCs. The Youth Training Councils received a bad press over the Manning scandal which led to the resignation of the Minister, but there is evidence that these schemes placed in work only those people who
12、 would have found work anyway. More importantly, the period over which unemployment benefit is paid has been cut from a year to eight months and this might remove 20% of all claimants. In Defence and the Foreign Office, there are increases in the funding of the Voice of Australia radio service. The
13、A $ 128 million may seem a small investment but it checks the reduction in funds from A $ 2 billion to A $ 698 million over the last decade which threatened to end the service entirely. A $ 500 million is being made available for two new warships and a further A $ 250 million for an extension to the
14、 Rapid Reaction Force now seen as so much more important given recent political and civil unrest in Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea and Fiji. （分数：71.00）(1).The Australian government has been increasing expenditure for four years.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).About A $1 billion will be put into educat
15、ional building through the Neighborhood Renewal Scheme.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).School buildings have been neglected for 10 years.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).There is national shortage of teachers in areas such as science and religion in Australia.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).The Work now Scheme was unsuccessful
16、.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Compared to last year, expenditure on health will rise by less than 1% and changes here will be in research funding.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).The state pension did not increase for four years.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8)._to encourage single mothers back into the labour market will go
17、.（分数：7.10）_(9).The period over which unemployment benefit is paid has been cut from a year to eight months and this might remove_.（分数：7.10）_(10).In Australia, A $0.5 billion is being made available for two new warships and_ for an extension to the Rapid Reaction Force.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehen
18、s(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.He ate all the food.B.He cleaned the refrigerator.C.He worked day and night.D.He had a big lunch.A.Hes playing sports.B.Hes watching sports games.C.Hes driving.D.Hes fighting.A.She didnt feel well.B.She went dancing earlier.C.She came down to go dancing.D.She got mad at the woman.
19、A.$5.00B.$5.60C.$4.40D.$6.60A.In a shipping company office.B.In Professor Bensons office.C.In a publishers office.D.In a university store.A.They will have to take a different bus.B.The trip is too dangerous.C.They will have to wait.D.There is a problem with the bus.A.A secretary.B.A novelist.C.A new
20、spaperman.D.A businessman.A.In New York.B.In Boston.C.In Michigan.D.In Washington.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.At a fitness centre.B.At a clinic.C.At a school.D.At a club.A.He came too early for the appointment.B.He missed the bus here.C.He went to a wrong address.D.He felt very bad when he got up.A
21、.A weak heart.B.A skin disease.C.Bronchitis.D.Kidney trouble.A.To stay in bed for two or three days.B.To have a course of antibiotics.C.To take some cough mixture.D.To exercise more regularly.A.Two.B.Three.C.Five.D.Seventeen.A.A drivers license.B.A permission slip.C.A registration card.D.Nothing.A.N
22、ext quarter.B.Friday at nine oclock.C.Friday afternoon.D.Later the same day.A.That he is majoring in mathematics.B.That he has never taken a chemistry course.C.That he is a freshman.D.That he does not like his advisor.A.The longest street in the world.B.A TV program.C.A country.D.The United States.A
23、.Those who watch the show five times a week learn more than the occasional viewers.B.Those who watch the show occasionally learn more than the five-time viewers.C.Those who watch the show at different hours learn more than regular viewers.D.Those who watch the show regularly learn more than the view
24、ers watch it at different hours.A.The skillful use of a variety of TV tricks.B.The famous stars on “Sesame Street“.C.The children can learn and want to learn more.D.The children can understand.A.They were talking about their home towns.B.They were discussing how echoes worked in different places.C.T
25、hey were joking with each other.D.They were talking about their recent travels.A.In Vermont.B.In Colorado.C.In Mississippi.D.In Missouri.A.The echo in the church in Missouri was most unusual.B.Mark Twains two friends had never heard a real echo.C.Mark Twain was taken in by his friends.D.Mark Twain k
26、new how to tease his friends.A.One of the bridges between North and South London collapsed.B.The heart of London was flooded.C.An emergency exercise was conducted.D.100 people in the suburbs were drowned.A.50 underground stations were made waterproof.B.A flood wall was built.C.An alarm system was se
27、t up.D.Rescue teams were formed.A.Most Londoners were frightened.B.Most Londoners were rather confused.C.Most Londoners took the Exercise Flood Call calmly.D.Most Londoners complained about the trouble caused by Exercise Flood Call.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Women are, on the whole, more verbal than
28、 men. They are good at language and at reasoning, while men (36) 1to be better at tasks (37) 2visual-spatial abilities. Words are tools for (38) 3with other people and they are mainly verbal tools. Visual and spatial (39) 4are tools for (40) 5 and manipulating objects and helping information about t
29、hem. Are these (41) 6 into the brain? It has been suggested that when it comes to the brain, (42) 7are specialists while women are (43) 8. But no one knows that, if anything, this means in terms of the of the two sexes. (44 ) 9. But women become just as skilled as men at shooting a rifle or driving
30、a car, tasks that involve visual-spatial skills. (45) 10. Women do, however, seem less likely to fall in love with the objects themselves. We all know men for whom machines seem to be extensions of their identity.(46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1
31、:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relation- ships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social s
32、upport consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles (困难). People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ti
33、es. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off (挡开) illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely. Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co
34、-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, w
35、e typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (转移注意力) us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support financial aid, material resources, a
36、nd needed services that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems. （分数：177.50）(1).Interpersonal relationships are important because _.（分数：35.50）A.they are indispensable to peoples social well-beingB.they waken peoples desire to exchange resourcesC.they help people to cope with
37、life in the information eraD.they can cure a range of illnesses such as heart disease, etc.(2).Research shows that peoples physical and mental health _.（分数：35.50）A.relies on the social welfare systems which support themB.has much to do with the amount of support they get from othersC.depends on thei
38、r ability to deal with daily worries and troublesD.is closely related to their strength for coping with major changes in their lives(3).Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “cushions“ ( Line 1, Para. 2) ?（分数：35.50）A.Adds up to.B.Does away with.C.Lessens the effect of.D.Lays the f
39、oundation for.(4).Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of _.（分数：35.50）A.instrumental supportB.informational supportC.social companionshipD.the strengthening of self-respect(5).Social companionship is beneficial in that _.（分数：35.50）A.it helps strengthen our ties with relativesB
40、.it enables us to eliminate our faults and mistakesC.it makes our leisure-time activities more enjoyableD.it draws our attention away from our worries and troublesA child of five is friendly, competent and obedient, although he may be bossy with other children and is sometimes sufficiently independe
41、nt to call his mother names. He is still dependent on adult approval and praise, and so orientated (对感兴趣) to the grown-up that he tells tales without seeing the other childs point of view. There is no real discussion yetfive talking together indulge in (沉浸于) a “collective monologue (独白) “ ; quarrell
42、ing with words often begins towards the end of the year. Group play is often disrupted (破坏) because everyone wants to be the mother or the bride or the captain of the fire brigade. Each child has an urgent need for constantly recurring (反复的) contact with an adult in spite of all his efforts to be in
43、dependent. In his unsureness he may make statements about his own cleverness and beauty, hoping that the adult will praise him: this is not conceit (自负) but a cry for reassurance. He loves to say“ Watch what I can do. “ Reality and fantasy are still intermingled and this confusion may lead him to el
44、aborate on facts.（分数：177.50）(1).It is implied in the passage that a competent child_.（分数：35.50）A.does what he is toldB.plays with other childrenC.can perform certain taskD.tells other children what to do(2).A five-year-old child sometimes shows his independence by_.（分数：35.50）A.making friendsB.callin
45、g his mother namesC.seeking adult approval and praiseD.being bossy with other children(3).The passage points out that when everyone wants to be the mother or the bride, group play is often_.（分数：35.50）A.broken upB.spoiledC.interruptedD.halted for a moment(4).Which of the following is not conceit but
46、a cry for reassurance?（分数：35.50）A.An urgent need for contact with adults.B.A childs efforts to be independent.C.A childs unsureness.D.A childs making statements about his own cleverness.(5).The last sentence of the passage tells us that the five-year-old child_.（分数：35.50）A.likes to recite factsB.tel
47、ls liesC.gets very confused ,D.sometimes mixes up what is real with what is unreal八、Section B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Lecturing as a method of teaching is so frequently under attack today from educational psychologists and by students that some justification (理由) is needed to retain it. Critics believe that it results in (47) methods of learning which tend to be less effective than those which fully engage the learner. They also (48) that students have no opportunity to ask questions and must all receive the same content at the same pace
