1、大学英语四级 148 及答案解析(总分：746.56，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed to write a composition on the topic Can Money Buy Happiness. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline. 1一些人认为“钱能买到幸福”。 2一些人认为“钱不能买到幸福”。 3我的观点。
2、（分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Car Pollution Jump in the car, start your engine and youre off. But do you give any thought to whats coming out of the tailpipe as you go about your drive? Carbon dioxide is the dominant greenhouse gas that causes global warming. The effects of global
3、 warming are uncertain, but they potentially include disruption of global weather patterns and ecosystems, flooding, severe storm, and droughts. Carbon monoxide, when inhaled, combines with haemoglobin in our blood, impairing the flow of oxygen to our brain and other parts of the body. Carbon monoxi
4、de is colorless, odorless, and poisonous even to healthy people (at high levels). It can seriously affect people with heart disease, and can affect the central nervous system. Motor vehicles are the main source of carbon monoxide pollution in many countries. Sulphur oxides contribute to respiratory
5、illness, particularly in children and the elderly, and aggravate existing heart and lung diseases. It contributes to the formation of acid rain, which damages trees, crops, and buildings; and makes soils, lakes, and streams acidic. Nitrogen oxide is a noxious pollutant. It is a lung irritant and rea
6、cts with compounds in the air to cause acid rain and ozone (the main reason for smog). Nitrogen oxide is one of the main ingredients involved in the formation of ground-level ozone (which can trigger serious respiratory problems), and contributes to global warming. Particulate matter, consisting of
7、tiny particles of smoke, soot and dust primarily from engines, car parts, tires, and diesel exhaust, are an established cause of lung problems, from shortness of breath to worsening of respiratory and cardiovascular disease, damage to lung tissues, and cancer. The EPA estimates that particulate poll
8、ution kills more than 60,000 people per year. In addition, particulates are associated with increased hospital ad missions and emergency room visits for people with heart and lung disease, as well as work and school absences. Particulates can travel deep into the lungs, or in smaller form, directly
9、into the bloodstream. Hydrocarbons, in their many forms, are directly hazardous, contributing to what are collectively called “air toxics.“ These compounds directly irritate the lung and other tissues, can cause cancer, contribute to birth defects, and cause other illnesses. Lead damages organs, aff
10、ects the brain, nerves, heart, and blood. Although overall blood lead levels have decreased since 1976, urban areas with high levels of traffic or industrial facilities that burn fuel may still have high lead levels in air. In 1999, ten areas of the country did not meet the national health-based air
11、 quality standards for lead. Hybrid cars use less gas, and therefore produce fewer emissions, than conventional cars. Take a look at the statistics below (based on a car travelling 14,000 miles per year). A conventional car produces 11,100 pounds of CO2 per year, compared with the 4,800 pounds of CO
12、2 produced by a hybrid car. A conventional car produces 330 pounds of carbon monoxide per year, compared with the 230 pounds produced by a hybrid car. A conventional car produces 49 pounds of nitrogen oxide per year, compared with the 17 pounds produced by a hybrid car. A conventional car produces 6
13、70 grams of particulate matter per year, compared with the 240 grams produced by a hybrid car. A conventional car produces 29 pounds of hydrocarbons per year, compared with the 8 pounds produced by a hybrid car. Rolling Up Your Window Wont Help Exposure to some car pollutants may be much higher insi
14、de your car than outside. Commuters driving in rush hour get the highest exposure, often from pollutants emitted by vehicles ahead of them. You are basically driving in and through - and contributing to - a lethal cocktail of air pollution. Other Impacts on the Environment When you think of pollutio
15、n from cars, the first thing that comes to mind is noxious fumes. But the ,problems dont stop with air pollution. The environmental consequences associated with cars are much wider. Water Pollution Runoff of oil, automotive fluids, and roadway chemicals are estimated at hundreds of thousands of tons
16、 per year, and are considered the leading source of impairment to rivers. In addition, hundreds of thousands of potential leaks from underground fuel storage tanks threaten groundwater, and improperly disposed of used motor oil ends up in waterways. Noise Pollution Noise from car traffic, and loud c
17、ar stereos and alarms, has become so ubiquitous that we barely notice it anymore - but its taking its toll. Recent census data indicates that 1 in 8 American households suffer from bothersome noise from the street or traffic. Problems related to noise include hearing loss, stress, high blood pressur
18、e, sleep loss, distraction, and lost productivity, and a general reduction in the quality of life and opportunities for tranquility. Solid Waste Over 10 million automobiles are scrapped every year, creating approximately seven billion pounds of unrecycled scrap and waste every year. Approximately 80
19、0 million tires are stockpiled in dumps around the country, creating a serious fire hazard and an ongoing environmental hazard. Every stockpiled tire sheds rubber each year, spewing minute grains of rubber into the atmosphere and back down into the water supply and human lungs. Wildlife The Humane S
20、ociety estimates that around a million animals die on U. S. roads every day. Agriculture Air and water pollution from vehicles compromises the growth, reproduction and over all health of plants, which are susceptible to disease, pests, and environmental stress. It reduces agricultural yields for man
21、y economically important crops, such as soybean, wheat, and cotton. The Built-up Environment During the last century, an area roughly equal to all the arable land in Ohio, Indiana and Pennsylvania was paved in the United States - requiting maintenance costs of over $ 200 million a day and trapping u
22、s in large, sprawling and undesirable concrete jungles. Approximately one-third of an average citys land is devoted to roads and other car-related elements. Interstate highways cut through and divide countless neighborhoods, taking homes and destroying businesses. We add more and more roads, encoura
23、ging wider use of private cars and ever-increasing traffic congestion. （分数：71.00）(1).The passage gives an insight into how the United States could develop a new transport policy for the 21st century. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Low levels of carbon monoxide are not poisonous for healthy individuals. （分数：
24、7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).The use of cars creates particulate matter in different ways, rather than just one. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).In the United States, the only pollutant for which there is a national air quality standard is lead. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Out of the seven pollutants mentioned in the first
25、 half of the article, hybrid cars produce fewer pollutants in at least five cases. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Noise pollution is annoying, but does not result in any physical problems for people living in noisy areas. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).The United States produced higher crop harvests before roads to
26、ok away land and pollution affected crops. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Pollutants from cars cause 1 , which can damage buildings and pollute rivers. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Pollutants from cars create a 1 which people in cars are most exposed to. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Particulate matter caused by cars is stil
27、l a problem after the car has been taken off the roads forever, because particles from 1 pollute the atmosphere and water. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Its four oclock.B.The womans watch stopped 2 hours ago.C.The mans watch goes faster than the womans.D.Its too dark for th
28、e woman to read her watch.A.Mother ate it.B.Johnny ate it.C.Other people ate it.D.Its still there.A.Near the working place.B.Near the station.C.In downtown.D.Outside the city.A.It was boring.B.It was entertaining.C.It was moving.D.It was encouraging.A.He has a lot of experience.B.He appears to be a
29、bit quiet.C.He is nice-looking.D.He lacks experience.A.She should repair the telephone herself.B.She can turn to Mike for help.C.He knows nothing about telephone.D.He will call the telephone company.A.Mary wants to return the novels to the man.B.Mary wants to lend the novels to the man.C.Mary wants
30、to borrow the novels from the man.D.Mary wants to get the novels back from the man.A.He was ill.B.He was in holiday.C.He was dismissed.D.He changed a job.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.American literature.B.Elementary education.C.Art history.D.Veterinary medicine.A.They are professional storytellers.B
31、.They are the parents of young children.C.The stories will help to improve their vocabulary.D.The stories are required for a course.A.It uses an extensive vocabulary.B.Its useful as a teaching tool.C.Its author is unknown.D.Children find it repetitive and boring.A.At the beginning of a semester.B.Du
32、ring midterm week.C.At the end of a semester.D.In the middle of summer vacation.A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.A.You have to deposit some money.B.You have to pay some money.C.You have to present your ID card.D.You have to present your credit card.A.Two weeks after you opened the account.B.At least one w
33、eek after you opened the account.C.Less than a week after you opened the account.D.Immediately after you opened the account.A.He has deposited 1,000 pounds.B.He has signed his name in his passport.C.He has opened a fixed account.D.He has opened a current account.A.To examine the chemical elements in
34、 the Ice Age.B.To look into the pattern of solar wind activity.C.To analyze the composition of different trees.D.To find out the origin of carbon-14 on Earth.A.The lifecycle of trees.B.The number of trees.C.The intensity of solar burning.D.The quality of air.A.It affects the growth of trees.B.It has
35、 been increasing since the Ice Age.C.It is determined by the chemicals in the air.D.It follows a certain cycle.A.To do as much as you can.B.To do only what is necessary.C.To act as carefully and quickly as you can.D.Both B and C.A.Leave him lying where he is, and place something soft under his head.
36、B.Do as much as you can to save him.C.Move his arms and legs constantly.D.Roll him up in a blanket.A.Stop the flow of blood if the person is bleeding.B.Do operation whenever necessary.C.Do artificial respiration if the person has stopped breathing.D.Do the best you can until a doctor arrives.A.To in
37、crease the number of exam supervisors.B.To ban handsets from exam rooms.C.To equip exam sites with cell phone signal shielding facilities.D.To impose severe punishment on cheating students.A.They argue that Shanghai has no record of cheating scandals.B.They declare that Shanghai will follow the new
38、regulation.C.They are indifferent to the new regulation.D.They think the new regulation is impractical.A.8.B.81.C.18.D.8.A.To install a microelectronic wave detector.B.To raise the alarm.C.To install cell phone signal shielding facilities.D.To ask students to switch off the handsets.六、Section C(总题数：
39、1，分数：10.00)Whenever you see an old film, even one made as (36) 1as ten yeas ago, you cannot help being (37) 2by the appearance of the women taking part. Their (38) 3and make-up look dated; their skirts look either too long or too short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly (39) 4. The men
40、taking part in the film, on the other hand, are clearly (40) 5. There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an (41) 6different age. This (42) 7is created by changing fashions. Over the years, the great (43) 8of men have successfully resisted all the attempts to make them c
41、hange their style of dress. The same cannot be said for women (44) 9. This year, they decide in their arbitrary fashion. Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is ever mildly surprised. And women all over the world rush to obey. Changing fashions are nothing more than th
42、e deliberate creation of waste. (45) 10. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and (46) 11, providing they look right. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1
43、:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)More than 200 organizations are preparing to bring their teams of robots to RoboCup 2003 next month in Padua, Italy, an event where researchers test out the latest artificial intelligence techniques in games of football or rescue simulations. Event org
44、anizers said last week that 183 teams from around the world, mostly from universities, have registered for rescue simulation competitions and various leagues of foot ball, while another 80 groups are to show off robots aimed at children. The event is expecting more than 50,000 visitors. While RoboCu
45、p has its lighter side, it is one of the most prominent events in the world for both artificial-intelligence researchers and for companies such as Honda and Sony wishing to show off their latest robotics technology. In recent years, advances in robotics and computer technology have led to renewed in
46、terest in robots. Several companies have produced humanoid robots capable of walking on two legs, even up stairs or across uneven surfaces, while Sony has virtually single-handedly created a consumer-robot market with its Aibo dog, released in 1999. Robot technologies such as vision and mobility sys
47、tems have also made their way into the broader world of IT. Hewlett-Packard is even testing robots that could attend meetings in place of a human, in order to cut down on business travel. Ahead of RoboCup, another European university has signed up to integrate its Aibo robots into their research cur
48、riculum. RoboCups “four-legged league“ uses Aibo robots, while the “humanoid league“ pits two-legged robots such as Hondas AMmo against one another. The event says its ultimate goal is to develop a team of fully autonomous robots by the year 2050 that can win against .the human world soccer champion team. （分数：177.50）(1).According to the text, the purpose of RohoCup is_.（分数：35.50）A.create a world ruled by robotsB.eliminate the need for human athletesC.test out artificial intelligence technologyD.for scientists to get to
