1、大学英语四级 143及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Living Expenditure of College Students. You should write at least 120 words following the out line given below in Chinese: 1. 大学生的生活费用安排发生变化； 2. 产生这些变化的原
2、因是什么； 3. 你的看法。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)How Global Warming Works Gases in the Earths atmosphere act like glass in a greenhouse-trapping heat and making life on Earth possible. But there is a delicate balance. Burning coal, oil and natural gas increases atmospheric concentrati
3、ons of these gases. Over the past century, increases in industry, transportation, and electricity production have increased gas concentrations in the atmosphere faster than natural processes can remove them leading to human-caused warming of the globe. The Sources Of Global Warming The major source
4、of global warming is carbon dioxide pollution from power plants, auto mobiles, and industry. Another source is global deforestation. Power plants are responsible for more than a third of U. S. CO2 emissions, yet there are no caps on CO2 emissions from power plants or any other industry. Gas guzzling
5、 cars and light trucks are also responsible for a third of U.S. CO2 emissions. Current regulations allow for very inefficient vehicles which spew tons of CO2. Trees remove carbon dioxide from the air as they grow. When they are cut and burned that CO2is released back into the atmosphere. Massive def
6、orestation around the globe is releasing large amounts of CO2 and decreasing the forests ability to take CO2from the atmosphere. Solutions The U. S. , with only four percent of the worlds population, is responsible for 22 percent of the worlds greenhouse gas emissions. Fortunately, solutions exist t
7、o cut our global warming emissions. Decision makers in the United States should take the following steps. Increasing fuel efficiency standards for cars and light trucks would cut millions of tons of CO2 pollution as well as decreasing dependence on foreign oil. Putting a cap on CO2 from power plants
8、 would cut millions of tons of CO2 pollution as well as decreasing pollution that causes acid rain, smog, and respiratory illness. Shifting investment from fossil fuels like coal and oil to renewable energy and energy efficiency would allow cleaner, more sustainable sources of energy to take their r
9、ightful place as market leaders. Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol would be a modest but important first step to ward international emissions reductions. The Evidence Recently, alarming events that are consistent with scientific predictions about the effects of climate change have become more and m
10、ore commonplace. The global average temperature has increased by about 0.5C and sea level has risen by about 10 inches (25cm) in the past century. Official confirmation came in 1995, when the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, an officially appointed international panel of over 2,500 of the
11、worlds leading scientific experts, found that evidence suggests a human influence on the global climate. The following are events which consistent with scientists predictions of the effects of global warming: The past two decades have witnessed a stream of new heat and precipitation re cords. The 10
12、 hottest years on record have all occurred since 1980, the hottest year ever on record is 1997, and the hottest January through July on record occurred in 1998. Glaciers are melting around the world. Alaskas Columbia Glacier has retreated more than eight miles in the last 16 years while temperatures
13、 there have increased. A section of an Antarctic ice shelf as big as the District of Columbia broke off. Severe floods like the devastating Midwestern floods of 1993 and 1997 are becoming more common. Infectious diseases are moving into new areas as seen in the recent outbreaks of Dengue fever in Te
14、xas and Malaria in New Jersey. The Opposition The Global Climate Coalition, a powerful coalition of oil, power, and auto companies has followed the lead of tobacco companies by denying the harm they cause. They have spent millions of dollars trying to discredit the scientific consensus of the IPCC a
15、nd slow steps to combat global warming. The public has not fallen for their deception, but the Global Climate Coalition appears to have had some impact on members of Congress. Health Risks Rates of infectious disease will rise, with the spread of mosquitoes and other disease carrying organisms that
16、thrive in warm, wet climates. More frequent and more severe heat waves will pose a threat to public health, with children and the elderly especially vulnerable. In the 1990s, outbreaks of malaria have occurred in Michigan, Texas, Florida, Georgia, California, New Jersey and New York. Two major heat
17、waves-in Chicago in 1995 and Dallas in 1998-killed more than 600 people. Environmental Destruction Rising global temperatures and melting of glaciers will directly impact ocean and coast al habitats. Ecosystems will, be destroyed and species will die off, as sea levels rise, sea sons shift, and glac
18、iers and polar ice caps melt. Polar bears are threatened with starvation as melting sea ice keeps them from their food. Catastrophic Weather Warmer temperatures will speed evaporation, leading to drought in some places and heavy downpours and flooding in others. Extreme weather events as well as El
19、Ninno events may become more intense and more frequent. In 1999, the U. S. experienced one of the most extreme droughts ever recorded, and Maryland, New Jersey, Rhode Island and Delaware faced their driest growing seasons on record. That same year, the Pacific North west experienced its second wette
20、st year on record. Nevada, California and Iowa all experienced deadly floods. Recent years have seen record hurricanes, including the most destructive ever. Clean Energy Agenda A rapid transition to energy efficiency and renewable energy sources will combat global warming, protect human health, crea
21、te new jobs, protect habitat and wildlife, and ensure a secure, affordable energy future. In contrast, our reliance on coal, oil and nuclear power imperils the worlds climate, fouls the environment, harms human health, and results in the proliferation of nuclear materials. We can meet our energy nee
22、ds without threatening our childrens future using commonsense ways to mobilize American ingenuity and re sources for a rapid transition to renewable energy sources. It will eliminate energy waste, phase out fossil fuels and nuclear power, and help the United States lead the world into a sustainable
23、energy future, Clean Power In the next decade, increase fourfold the amount of energy obtained from non-hydro renewable sources such as the sun and wind. By 2020, produce at least one-third of the nations energy from renewable sources, and double the efficiency of energy use in homes, buildings, tra
24、nsportation and industry. Clean Air Clean up our power plants by setting progressively tighter limits on all power plant pollution-including carbon dioxide, the major cause of global warming. Close the loophole that allows old coal-fired power plants to pollute much more than newer plants. Clean Car
25、s Hold sport utility vehicles, pickup trucks and minivans to the same air pollution standards as cars. Improve the fuel efficiency of new cars and light trucks to a combined average of 45 miles per gallon (MPG) by 2010 and at least 65 MPG by 2020. Offer incentives that build strong markets for renew
26、able fuels and for clean vehicles powered by hybrid motors and fuel cells. Clean Investments Quadruple federal investments in renewable energy and energy efficiency within five years, and continue this momentum over the long term Stop spending taxpayer dollars to subsidize the coal, oil and nuclear
27、industries. Provide adequate resources and job training for affected workers and communities to ensure a just transition to a sustainable energy economy. （分数：71.00）(1).The passage gives an overview of the effects of global warming on the United States. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Slightly less than a thi
28、rd of CO2 emissions in the United States are caused by deforestation. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).The United States is the worlds No. 1 emitter of greenhouse gases. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).If American cars were slightly more efficient, the United States would not be dependent on foreign oil. （分数：7.10）A.YB
29、.NC.NG(5).The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the Global Climate Coalition have similar aims. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Global warming endangers animals by damaging or destroying their habitats. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Changing to a sustainable energy economy means that some workers in con
30、ventional energy industries will lose their jobs. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8). 1 are the largest source of greenhouse pollutants in the United States. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Higher temperatures in the United States have encouraged disease-carrying organisms which spread 1 such as malaria. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(1
31、0).Rainfall patterns in the United States have been unusual in recent years, with some states experiencing drought whilst others experience 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.The man doesnt want to see Mr. Williams.B.Mr. Jones is in an inferior position than Mr. Williams.C.Mr
32、. Jones used to be in charge.D.Mr. Williams doesnt want to do tomorrow.A.They need to make more efforts.B.Theyll have more work to do tomorrow.C.The others have done the greater part of it.D.Theyve finished more than half of it.A.She was feeling very sorry.B.She felt a bit annoyed.C.She was in a hur
33、ry.D.She was in her office.A.Jane was telling a lie.B.The woman wasnt being sincere.C.Jane has already come back from Paris.D.Jane wasnt in Paris that day.A.The knife belongs to him.B.Bob should mind his own business.C.The man once borrowed Bobs knife.D.Bobs knife isnt as good as that of the man.A.H
34、ell miss the meeting that afternoon.B.Hell have an appointment with the host.C.He wont miss the meeting.D.He is very hardworking.A.Because she wont fulfill her promise.B.Because her mother would be very angry.C.Because she cant finish the job ahead of schedule.D.Because she would be the last to fini
35、sh the job.A.He always talks on the phone for that long if its toll free.B.They have so much free time to talk on the phone for that long.C.They talked on the phone for too long.D.He wants to know what they talked about.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.The woman needs the mans help.B.The man sends his c
36、ar to garage and the woman is in the neighborhood.C.The woman sends her car to garage and the man is in the neighborhood.D.The woman comes to the garage to look for the man.A.He forgot to fix his car last week.B.The cars filter needs to be changed.C.The cars brakes keep making squeaky noise, wheneve
37、r the man taps them.D.Both B and C.A.About $200.B.About $2,000.C.About $500.D.None of the above.A.The exterior.B.The brakes.C.The filter.D.The engine.A.Brand-name products and their uses.B.Name brands and peoples purchasing power.C.Designer products and their prices.D.Fashion and peoples daily life.
38、A.For comfort.B.For fads.C.For function.D.For vanity.A.They are both stylish and functional.B.They are expensive, but not useless.C.They are far beyond the normal.D.They are just artistic products.A.Freed by an old lady.B.Through the carelessness of their keeper.C.By pretending to be asleep.D.By an
39、accident that broke open their cage.A.To a nearby meadow.B.To the trainers home.C.To an elderly ladys house.D.To a nearby zoo.A.Because she likes lions.B.Because she is fearless.C.Because the trainer is not to be afraid.D.Because she thought the lion was a big dog.A.It returned to its cage.B.It kill
40、ed the old lady.C.It was asleep on the bedroom rug.D.It went to a grassy meadow and slept.A.Her husband had got a higher position.B.Her husband had lost his job.C.She wanted to have a cleaner house.D.She wanted to move to New York.A.His telephone went out of order.B.The buyers had to leave soon.C.He
41、 began to work at 8 a. m.D.He had made an appointment with her for 8 a. m.A.They considered her lazy.B.They saw something they had never seen.C.They considered her foolish.D.They saw something familiar to them.A.A special way to put a message into code so that common people cannot read it.B.A specia
42、l way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later.C.A special way to expand our memory capacity.D.A special way to slow down the process of losing our memory.A.Possibly because they have a wider range of interests.B.Possibly because they are more dependent on the en
43、vironment.C.Possibly because they can focus their attention better.D.Possibly because they pay more attention on their environment.A.Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness.B.Generally children have better memories than adults.C.Memory just relies on age.D.Visual cues cant help prevent a
44、bsent-mindedness.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The name “United Nations“, coined by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was (36) 1used in the “Declaration by United Nations“ of 1 January 1942, during the Second World War, when (37) 2of 26 nations pledged their governments to continue fightin
45、g together against the Axis Powers. The (38) 3of the United Nations was the League of Nations, an (39) 4 conceived in similar circumstances during the First World War, and established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles “to (40) 5international cooperation and to achieve peace and security“. The I
46、nternational Labor Organization was also (41) 6under the Treaty of Versailles as an affiliated (42) 7of the League. The League of Nations (43) 8its activities after failing to prevent the Second World War. (44) 9. Those delegates deliberated on the basis of proposals worked out by the of China, the
47、Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks, United States, in August to October 1944. (45) 10. Poland, which was not represented at the Conference, signed it later and became one of the original 51 member states. (46) 11, when the Charter had been ratified by China, Fra
48、nce, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and a majority of other signatories. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. Its now a “global village“ where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enh
