1、大学英语四级 141及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about advertisements. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below： 1.人们对于广告的不同看法。2. 在你看来当今广告业存在哪些问题。 3. 应当如何去解决这些问题。 （分数：30.00）_二、R
2、eading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)In the United States, the items on a typical dinner plate have traveled between 1,500 and 2,500 miles to get there. That distance has increased by as much as 25 percent over the last 20 years an increase that comes with a series of consequences for food, farmers, c
3、onsumers, local economies and even the global climate. Starting last fall on Tufts Medford/ Somerville campus, students had the chance to lower the overall mileage(里程)of their lunches when the dining hall offered apples grown in nearby Topsfield, Mass. Part of the Harvest Food Festival, the “make-yo
4、ur-own-caramel (饴糖) -apple“ display featured (特出展示) six different locally grown apple varieties. The popular Tufts Dining Services program was part of ongoing efforts to increase the amount of local produce (农产品) available on Tufts campuses. Friedman School Ph.D. student Melissa Bailey is one of tho
5、se devoted to the cause. Combining her interests in sustainable agriculture and public policy, Bailey took it upon herself to breathe new life into the Tufts Food Awareness Project, a group launched by Tufts graduate students in the 1990s to raise awareness about the environmental, social and health
6、 issues connected to food production. “It was a great start, and there had been a lot of student backing and interest,“ Bailey says. “But when the students graduate, the idea sort of graduates with them if its not institutionalized as part of the community.“ So Bailey joined forces with Julie Lampie
7、, nutrition marketing specialist for Dining Services, in whom she found an enthusiastic ally, and secured a grant from the Tufts Institute for the Environment to pay graduate students Bryanna Millis and Georgia Kayser to work on the project. Together, the team works to raise awareness, solve problem
8、s and forge partnerships among the primary players: Tufts chefs, major food distributors and local farmers. Bailey and Lampie who work on the project mainly as a labor of love also seek to raise awareness among the student body to the point where student demand drives the addition of local produce t
9、o Tufts menus. On caramel apple night, their outreach (达到的范围) took the form of informational posters about the Connemara House Apple Farm and Guinee family who plant and tend the apple trees. They also described the personal and global benefits of eating locally grown produce. “Of course the student
10、s loved making caramel apples, but it also gave them an education,“ Bailey says. “Its not up to me to make an ethical appeal to them, but they need to have the information to be able to make an informed choice.“ From farm to fork What are the benefits of buying local? Obviously, produce making the t
11、rip from Topsfield to Medford requires less sossil (化石) fuel to get it from farm to dining hall than apples grown in Washington State. Using less gasoline means reducing the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. Shorter trips also require less energy-consuming refrigeration and wa
12、ste-producing packaging. Some experts estimate that globe-travelling produce can require up to four times as much energy as an equivalent amount of local food and account for four times the greenhouse gas emissions (释放) . Then theres the amount of energy, water, pesticides and fertilizers that go in
13、to raising produce. “If you grow things that are suited to your climate locally,“ Bailey explains, “you might not need as many of these inputs on the front end to grow things.“ Since the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001, homeland security experts have even noted that food is more vulnerable to
14、 sabotage (破坏) the longer the distance from farm to fork. Recent decades have witnessed the rise of centralized, corporate agriculture; just 10 multinational companies produce more than half of the products available in the average supermarket. That puts the nations food supply at greater risk for c
15、ontamination (污染) whether intentional or unintentional, as with mad cow disease or E.coli outbreaks. Similarly, if the nations transportation systems were ever disabled, many cities and towns would run out of food within a day or two. But as the interest in consuming locally grown produce blossoms,
16、the number of farmers markets in the United States has doubled in the last decade. That means a safer and more constant food supply for people lucky enough to live near these 3,100 markets. The Worldwatch Institute estimates consumers are spending some $1 billion annually at local fanners markets, p
17、ouring that money into their regional economies. A large institution like Tufts buying locally grown produce is a boom to the Massachusetts economy. “The local farms will increasingly benefit, given the volume that we use,“ Bailey says. “The Guinees love farming apples, and they just saw this as a g
18、reat community partnership.“ But even those of us who dont always think quite so globally still have reason to choose locally grown foods. Many varieties of fruits and veggies have actually been bred for features that will help them survive the trip, not necessarily enhance their flavor. Double-blin
19、d taste tests show people simply find local foods fresher, tastier and more appealing. Bailey says that Tufts dining staff have been enthusiastic partners, too, rising to the creative challenge of creating menus based solely on whats locally available. “The chefs Julie Lampie works with were great,“
20、 she says. “They came up with new recipes (食谱) using local butternut squash to make soups.“ Winter of our discontent With all the attractive reasons to serve local foods in Tufts dining halls, there is one, long, cold problem. “The limitation is the winter, basically,“ Lampie laments. “There is so l
21、ittle available for the majority of the school year, which is really frustrating. The California schools have a huge advantage.“ In New England, the growing season is short. From June through September, Massachusetts farmers produce everything from apples to watermelons. But after September, only Oc
22、tobers apples, cranberries, cabbages, potatoes and squashes remain for chefs to work with until early veggies like asparagus come up in the spring. “The next step would be twofold: One, to find out what the earliest produce would be and when we could get them, and, two, give the chefs time to prepar
23、e,“ Bailey says. “Its up to them to integrate the information into their menus, but we need to provide it first.“ Another issue is food preparation. When foods like potatoes or butternut squash come from national vendors, they arrive in cans pre-peeled (预先削皮的) and cubed (切成方块的) . Lettuce often arriv
24、es washed, chopped or shredded. Industry insiders call these prepped and ready-to-go bulk foods “value-added.“ But neither the local farms nor Tufts has the labor and facilities to process, say, Maine potatoes this way. “For Tufts, the labor costs of having the staff peel hundreds of potatoes,“ Bail
25、ey says, “its just not feasible (可行的) .“ “Thats something were investigating. Maybe it should be a student job to pick up the produce once a week and bring it to the dining facility,“ says Bailey. “There are obstacles, but I think there are lots of opportunities to overcome those obstacles when you
26、consider the resources we have at Tufts.“ （分数：71.00）(1).The article is about how people in the United States have to travel about 1,500 to 2,500 miles to get the typical dinner plates.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Bailey has secured a grant to encourage the Tufts chefs to increase the amount of local produ
27、ce on Tufts campuses.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Buying local food means the consumption of less energy and less green house gas emissions.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Americas food supply is exposed to great danger.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Consumers spending on the local food can help to boost the local economy
28、.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).If you dont care about the connection between food production and global environment, you dont have enough reason to buy locally grown food.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Tufts school will get the staff in the cafeteria to give the added-value to the local produce.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG
29、(8).Tufts Food Awareness Project was launched to raise awareness about_ connected to food production.（分数：7.10）_(9).Bailey thinks the posters they give can provide students with the necessary information for them to make a sensible food choice, and she doesnt want to make_.（分数：7.10）_(10).The chefs in
30、 the Tufts cafeteria have put forward new recipes based_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Half an hour.B.Longer than half an hour.C.Longer than an hour.D.It depends on different people.A.At a nice place.B.In a classroom.C.In an office.D.In a restaurant.A.An office girl.B.A secretary
31、.C.A landladyD.A person living on the 3rd floor.A.In the Finchley Road.B.Outside the tube station.C.On the third street of the left.D.Opposite the cemetery.A.He must have some money in a bank.B.He must sign a contact.C.He must pay the security deposit.D.He must clean his own room.A.About twelve hour
32、s.B.About thirteen hours.C.About one day.D.About one day and a half.A.To her Aunt Mary.B.To her Aunt Agatha.C.To her parents.D.To her uncles.A.In a bank.B.In the grass.C.In a park.D.At the laboratory.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.The man is complaining about something.B.The man is the womans husband.
33、C.The man wants to arrange the policy over the phone.D.The man is the womans friend.A.21 November 1980.B.12 December 1980.C.12 September 1980.D.12 November 1980.A.Hes working at the moment.B.He is a full-time student at Sydney University.C.He is a part-time student at Sydney University.D.He is a ful
34、l-time student at London University.A.At a pharmacy.B.At a clinic.C.On a campus road.D.At a grocery.A.To travel to Alaska with his brother.B.To give a talk about his trip to Alaska.C.To drive to Los Angeles for a wedding.D.To invite Sue to meet his brother.A.For not being able to go to Alaska.B.For
35、her not going to a wedding party.C.For driving six hours to Los Angeles.D.For not being able to go to the mans family.A.It would be a great success.B.There was not hope of success.C.They would try their best to make it.D.They said nothing about it.A.They froze and stored a cats brain for about 203 d
36、ays.B.They froze and stored a human beings brain for 203 days.C.They froze and stored the dead body of Dr. James Hedford.D.They tried to find the cure for the disease which had killed the scientist.A.Heart.B.Lung.C.Liver.D.Brain.A.He got his first bicycle in 1971.B.He got his first bicycle when he w
37、as seven.C.He got his first bicycle when he was at high schoolD.He got his first bicycle in 1992.A.No.1B.7thC.14thD.40thA.In 1992.B.In 1993.C.In 1996.D.In 1997.A.4 times.B.5 times.C.6 times.D.7 times.A.It would be normal if the car took just four seconds.B.It would be normal if the car took six seco
38、nds.C.It would be normal if the car took less than three seconds.D.It would be normal if the car took less than six minutes.A.A speed limit.B.A speed-check.C.A distance measurement.D.A traffic-sign.A.By hiding behind the hedge and timing vehicles.B.By measuring the speed.C.By writing down their name
39、s.D.By taking down their car numbers.A.There were no motorists coming and going.B.The motorists drove too slowly.C.Some two students played a trick.D.The police placed a notice.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Adervertising is a form of selling. For thousands of years, there have been (36) 1who tried to p
40、ersuade others to buy the food they have (37) 2or the goods they have made or the services they can perform. Advertising (38) 3in the signs that merchants once put over their doors to (39) 4the public exactly what was for sale inside with (40) 5 or pictures. The objective of any advertisement is to
41、(41) 6 people that it is in their best interests to take an action the advertiser is recommending. Advertising (42) 7to the content of the mass media, and at the same time, supports them. Most newspapers and magazines publishers, radio and television stations make their (43) 8from the sale of space
42、or time to advertisers. As a matter of fact, (44) 9. The cost of buying space or time is added to the price of an advertisers goods or services. (45) 10rather than providing better books, programs or magazine articles. Advertising may also influence media content: a magazine that runs cigarette ads
43、may not be enthusiastic about printing an article on the dangers of smoking. Moreover, the distinction between advertising and other types of content is not always clear. (46) 11, and even specialized media directed at schools. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:
44、_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false nation
45、al pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourage international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but t
46、he Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests. One country received its secondplace medals with visible indignation after the hockey final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match as, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They w
47、ere convinced that one of their go als should not have been disallowed and that their opponents victory was unfair . Their manager was in a rage when he said: “This wasnt hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished. “ The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years. The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first th
