1、大学英语四级 137及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Views on Cloning. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1有人认为克隆技术的应用利大于弊，理由是 2也有人认为弊大于利， 3我的看法 （分数：30.00）_二、Rea
2、ding Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Smoking Is Smoking a Major Cause of Lung Cancer in Women? Many people think that lung cancer affects mostly men. But even though we hear more about breast cancer, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. And nearly all lung cancer deaths in women a
3、re due to smoking. Quitting smoking now is one important change you can make to improve your lung and overall health and live longer. Former smokers have a lower risk for lung cancer than do current smokers. In one to nine months after quitting smoking, your lungs will function better. And after 10
4、years, your risk of lung cancer is nearly the same as someone who never smoked. Should Women Who Smoke Be Concerned about Heart Disease? Yes. More women die each year from heart disease than from any other illness. Smoking is the major cause of heart disease in women, especially those younger than a
5、ge 50. Women who use birth control pills have a much higher risk of heart disease if they smoke. But after just one year of quitting smoking, you reduce your risk of heart disease by half. Why Do Women and Girls Smoke? Women and girls smoke for different reasons. Some women smoke to deal with stress
6、 or control weight. Younger women and girls may start smoking as a way of rebelling, being independent, or fitting in with their peers. Tobacco companies use research on how women and girls feel about themselves to influence women and girls to smoke. But there is never a good reason to smoke, and it
7、s best to never start. There are, though, many good reasons to quit smoking. When you quit, your health and quality of life will improve. You also will help safeguard the health of those you live with by not exposing them to second-hand smoke (the smoke released from a lit cigarette or cigar). Why S
8、hould I Quit Smoking? When you quit: -Your chances of getting sick from smoking will be less. -You will have more energy and breathe more easily. -If you are pregnant, your baby will get more oxygen and be healthier. -Your children and other people in your home will be healthier. Second-hand smoke c
9、an cause asthma (哮喘) and other health problems. -You will have more money to spend on other things. What Are the Dangers of Second-hand Smoke? Second-hand smoke happens when non-smokers inhale other peoples tobacco smoke. It includes: -Sidestream smoke smoke mat comes directly from a burning cigaret
10、te, pipe, or cigar. -Mainstream smoke smoke that is exhaled by the smoker. When a cigarette is smoked, about half of the smoke is sidestream smoke. Sidestream smoke contains most of the same chemicals found in the mainstream smoke inhaled by the smoker. People who dont smoke, but are exposed to seco
11、nd-hand smoke, absorb nicotine and other chemicals just as someone who smokes does. Studies have shown that second-hand smoke can cause lung cancer in healthy adults who do not smoke. Children of parents who smoke are more likely to suffer from pneumonia (肺炎), bronchitis (支气管炎), ear infections, asth
12、ma, and SIDS (the sudden death of a baby under age one which cannot be explained) . Mothers who smoke and breastfeed may pass harmful chemicals from nicotine to their baby through breast milk. What Have Other Women Done to Quit Smoking? Almost half of women who smoke have tried to quit during the pa
13、st year. Many women have to try two or three times before they are able to quit for good. Its hard work, but dont give up! Millions of women have been able to quit, and you can too! Follow these steps to help you to quit for good: -Learn how much you depend on nicotine (尼古丁) . Knowing how addicted y
14、ou are to nicotine can help you decide what kind of help you need. Take the Nicotine Addiction Test. -Get ready to quit by picking a date to stop smoking. Quitting all at once works better than trying to quit a little at a time. -Write down why you want to quit. Keep this list as a handy reminder. -
15、Tell loved ones, friends, and coworkers your quit date. Ask them for their support. Ask them not to smoke around you or leave cigarettes out around you. -Create a fund. Each time you would normally buy a pack of cigarettes, put that saved money in a special place. If you used to smoke one pack per d
16、ay, after one month, youve saved about $150. Set a goal and reward yourself once you reach that goal. -Plan for challenges. Think ahead for how you will deal with situations or triggers that will make you want to smoke. -(Jet medicine and use it correctly. There are many medicines that can help you
17、quit and reduce your urge to smoke. You and your health care provider can decide what medicine will work best for you. Always first talk with your health care provider before trying any medicines, especially when you are pregnant or if you have heart problems. -Be prepared for relapse (复发) . Most pe
18、ople start smoking again within the first three months after quitting. Dont give up if this happens to you. Many women try to quit several times before quitting for good. Learn from what helped you and what didnt the last time you tried to quit to increase your chances of success next time. It may h
19、elp you to keep a craving journal to record when and why you smoke. -Get more help if you need it. Join a quit-smoking program or support group to help you quit. Contact your local hospital, health center, or health department for quit-smoking programs in your area. Your state may also provide toll-
20、free quit line phone numbers. Can Medicines Really Help Me Quit? There are many medicines that can help you quit smoking. So you dont have to do it alone. At first, you may feel depressed, have trouble sleeping, or just not feel like yourself. This means that your body is going through withdrawal, o
21、r getting used to not having nicotine. These symptoms only last a few weeks and medicines can help give you some relief. Most help you quit by giving you small, steady doses of nicotine. Using them can double your chances of quitting for good. Talk with your health care provider about which of these
22、 medicines is right for you. Nicotine replacement therapy includes nicotine patches, gum, nasal spray, and inhalers. They help lessen your urge to smoke by taking the place of nicotine from cigarettes. In general, when you quit smoking, use the nicotine as a “substitute“ for one to two months, then
23、gradually cut down the nicotine until you stop that, too. You can buy patches and gum on your own at a drug store. You need a prescription for the inhaler and nasal spray. Not everyone can use these medicines. If you are pregnant or have heart problems, be sure to talk with your health care provider
24、 before using any of them. （分数：71.00）(1).The passage mainly tells us why and how women should quit smoking.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Smoking is the major cause of heart disease in those women younger than age 50.（分数：7.1
25、0）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Some women and girls start smoking because they want to make themselves more fashionable and beautiful.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).When a cigarette is smoked, about one third of the smoke is sidestream smoke.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Trying to quit a little at a time works better than quitti
26、ng all at once.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).One fourth of people could give up smoking at once after quitting.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Quitting smoking now is one important change you can make to improve your lung and 1and live longer.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Studies have shown that 1can cause lung cancer in hea
27、lthy adults who do not smoke.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).If 1, she should talk with her health care provider before using any of the medicines.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.10:20.B.10:12.C.10:28.D.10:08.A.Having a break.B.Continuing the meeting.C.Moving on to the next item.D.Waiti
28、ng a little longer.A.Both of them are anxious to try Chinese food.B.They will have dinner together.C.The woman will be treated by the man.D.The woman refuses to have dinner with the man.A.By taxi.B.By bus.C.On foot.D.By train.A.A bookshelf.B.A typewriter.C.Some stocks.D.High-quality paper.A.To have
29、a big dinner.B.To see a Japanese friend.C.To try a new restaurant.D.To stay at home.A.She will come, but needs an umbrella.B.She needs to bring a check.C.She will come but may come late.D.She will not come since she is busy.A.A birthday party.B.Her grandmothers.C.The shopping mall.D.School.四、Section
30、 B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.The man wants to obtain an international drivers license that he can use both in the U. S. and in his country.B.The man wants to take a drivers test to get an Arizona drivers license.C.The man wants to know whether he can use his international drivers license in Arizona.D.The man
31、 wants to fill out an application for an Arizona drivers license.A.Show his student ID and pay ten dollars.B.Use his international drivers license.C.Take a drivers test and apply for a limited license.D.show proof of temporary residence.A.Less than one year.B.Four years.C.Five years.D.Ten years.A.Fi
32、ll out an application.B.Go back to the university to get his ID.C.Go to see his friend.D.Take a written exam and an eye exam.A.At a pharmacy.B.At a clinic.C.On a campus road.D.At a grocery.A.To travel to Alaska with his brother.B.To give a talk about his trip to Alaska.C.To drive to Los Angeles for
33、a wedding.D.To invite Sue to meet his brother.A.For not being able to go to Alaska.B.For her not going to a wedding party.C.For driving six hours to Los Angeles.D.For not being able to go to the mans family.A.Three minutes.B.Two Minutes.C.One minutes.D.Five minutes.A.To win a competition.B.To break
34、a record.C.To deliver the news of victory.D.To win the first prize.A.Because he surpasses the fellow runners.B.Because he still can run.C.Because he overcomes fatigue with his will-power.D.Because he wins the prize.A.Because it takes too long to process all the applications.B.Because its resources a
35、re limited.C.Because it is a library for special purposes.D.Because there is a shortage of staff.A.Discard his application form.B.Forbid him to borrow any items.C.Cancel his video card.D.Ask him to apply again.A.One month.B.One week.C.Two weeks.D.Two months.A.Because it was their hometown.B.Because
36、they wanted to help the AIDS patients.C.Because they were doing their summer social topics.D.They were learning medicine and doing research on HIV.A.To warn the girls against him.B.To show his dislike of the patient.C.To tell them the fact.D.To gossip about the patient.A.They went to hospital to che
37、ck HIV.B.They taught their friends knowledge about AIDS.C.Their friends were afraid to get close to them.D.They were infected.A.Ding will certainly go back to her hometown.B.Ding will stay at university.C.The 8-year-old child will be worse.D.The 8-year-old child will have a happy time.六、Section C(总题
38、数：1，分数：10.00)Today I want to help you with a study reading method known as SQ3R. The letters stand for five steps in the reading (36) 1: Survey, Question, Read, Review, Recite. Each of the steps should be done carefully and in the order mentioned. In all study reading, a should be the first step. Su
39、rvey means to look quickly. In study reading, you need to look quickly at , words in darker or larger print, words with (37) 2 letters, (38) 3 and charts. Dont stop to read complete sentences. Just look at the important (39) 4 of the materials. The second step is question. Try to form questions base
40、d on your . Use the question words who, what, when, where, why and how. Now you are ready for the third step. Read. You will be reading the (40) 5 and important words that you looked at in the (41) 6, but this time you will read the examples and (42) 7 as well. Sometimes it is useful to take notes w
41、hile you read. I have had students who (43) 8 to underline important points, and it seemed to be just as useful as note-taking. What you should do, whether you take notes or underline, is to read actively. (44) 9. The fourth step is review. Remember the questions that you wrote down before you read
42、the material. You should be able to answer them now. (45) 10. Concentrate on those. Also review material that you did not consider in your questions. The last step is recite. (46) 11. SQ3R Survey, question, read, review, and recite. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填
43、空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Is the customer always right? The answer, it seems, depends on which country you are in. Shopping is very much a part of a countrys culture, and attitudes to shopping and consumers vary from country to country just as much as climate or tast
44、e in food. From the air-conditioned order of American malls to the anarchy(混乱,无秩序) of African bazaars(集市) , the way we shop shows the way we see ourselves and our relationships with other people. Recent economic hardship has given the consumer increased power in Europe as retailers(零售商) fight to win
45、 their share of reduced disposable (可任意使用的) income. This has meant falling prices, plenty of special offers and a re-examination of what customer service really means. People often point to America as an example of sophisticated customer service. In restaurants in the south of the USA, for example,
46、waiters compliment(称赞) you on your clothes, ask about your day, compliment you on the wisdom of your order and then return every ten minutes to refill your glass and make sure that everything is to your satisfaction. Anyone who has waited 30 minutes to be served in a restaurant might well dream of s
47、uch attention, but do Europeans really want US style service? As a friend of mine once told me, “By the end of the evening I had spent as much time talking to the waiter as to my wife. “ It is a question of expectations. Different nationalities expect different types of service. Attitudes to service
48、 are, of course, affected by employers attitudes to their workers. As American sales and service personnel are heavily reliant(依赖) on commission and tips, they have more incentive(动机) to provide more service. But is this fair? Do we think it is fair to ask shop assistants to work late evenings, Sundays and 12 hour shifts? Does it fit in with our picture of society? It might not be a case of “Is the customer always right?“ but a case of “How much service is it fair to expect?“ （分数：177.50）(1).The Euro
