1、大学英语四级 131 及答案解析(总分：746.59，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on ability and good appearance in job-hunting. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1、在工作中，传统观点认为能力比相貌更重要 2、现在有人认为相貌比能力更重要
2、 3、阐述你的观点 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Watch Consequences of US-Libyan Relations US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice announced on Monday that the United Stated decided to restore full diplomatic ties with Libya and clear the nation from the list of terrorism-supporting countri
3、es. The Libyan Government welcomed the decision. This means that the 25-year-old US-Libyan confrontation comes to an end. Interpretation of this varies, the sudden announcement of the rapprochement is closely related to the issue of Irans nuclear bidding. Over a long period of time,. Washington call
4、ed Libya, together with Iran and others, a “ rogue nation“ , which allegedly supported terrorism, and was one of the seven countries that could be subject to possible US nuclear strikes. The situation altered somewhat since the outbreak of the Iraqi War in 2003. The military forces of the United Sta
5、tes and its allies toppled the Saddam Hussein regime with the excuse that Iraq went in for weapons of mass destruction ( WMD) programmes. They did so in hopes of making the regime a public example that would pressure others to give up their alleged WMD bidding. Iran took no heed of this and went on
6、doing what it deemed should be done. Libya, however, was co-operative, abandoning its so-called WMD programmes. For the co-operative attitude on the part of Libya, the United States gave some limited encouragement, restoring diplomatic representatives to the country in 2004. But restoration of full
7、diplomatic relations did not occur because Libya, in the eyes of the United States, remained a “totalitarian“ country, running counter to Washingtons push for US-style freedom and democracy, even though Libyas co-operation in WMD issues was in the United States strategic interest. The deadlock over
8、Irans nuclear bidding cornered the United States to a dilemma (进退两难的窘 境): Military strikes are difficult to carry out right now and diplomatic means are yielding no significant results. It is in this context that US-Libyan ties were put on the agenda. The United States wanted to convey this message:
9、 US-Iranian ties could be restored if Iran follows Libyas example, despite the fact that the United States dislikes the Iranian regime. The message is naturally not only for the ear of Iran and the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea but also for other “ rogue countries“ Middle-East nations that ar
10、e in the throes of transformation and some Latin American countries. The United States, for instance, decided to impose arms embargo on Venezuela almost simultaneously while it announced rapprochement with Libya. The contrast between the punishment and reward helps bring home to other countries the
11、intention that “those who obey survive, those do not perish“ in the US international strategy. To what extent this kind of “punishment and rewarding“ strategy would impact the Iran and DPRKs nuclear bidding and those “disobedient“ countries, such as Sudan and Venezuela, is worth keeping an eye on. O
12、il constitutes another important factor behind the rapprochement. As the second-largest oil producing country in Africa and an important nation located in the North, Libya enjoys unique geopolitical and economic value. Currently, the oil-rich Middle East is in chaos and the last thing the Bush admin
13、istration wants is for the United States to become an “oil hostage“ to the Middle East, where the US Government is strenuously pushing for democratic transformation. The situation is compounded by the fact that some Latin American countries are increasingly tilting to the left, threatening to become
14、 an unstable energy-resources backyard for the United States. In view of all this, opening up new energy resources-supplying bases becomes a strategic imperative for the United States. More importantly, the United States could use Libya as its military and logistical foothold in the Middle East. So
15、in this sense, both energy-strategy and geopolitical considerations loom large behind the restoration of US-Libyan diplomatic ties. But most importantly, both security interests and oil interests are at the service of a grander strategic goal-overhauling the United States African strategy. Since the
16、 end of the Cold War in the early 1990s, the US strategic focus has been shifting from Europe and the Middle East to Central Asia and the Asia-Pacific region, but Africa, a kind of “strategic vacuum area,“ has gone largely ignored. In the latter half of the Clinton administration, the US Government
17、made diplomatic attempts to strengthen US -African relations, manifested by former US President Bill Clintons 12-day Africa tour. But the efforts were largely watered down by a new leader in the White House and the impacts of the terror attacks on September 11 , 2001. As a result, US-African ties ha
18、ve made little progress over the last few years. By contrast, other major world countries have made impressive advances in Africa, taking advantage of the United States non-action. Britain, France and Italy, which have traditional ties with African countries, enjoy inherent advantages in advancing r
19、elations there. China, traditionally friendly toward Africa, also enjoys a solid foundation in promoting Sino -African ties. The most pressing strategic task for the United States is, therefore, to attach great strategic importance to Africa. It is against this grand strategic backdrop that the rest
20、oration of full diplomatic ties with Libya, which still has defective human rights records by US standards, was effected. The United States overseas strategy puts strategic interests first, and sidelines other factors like involving values of democracy and human rights till later on. Libya naturally
21、 has its own strategic considerations-improving relations with the United States as soon as possible so that its big-country status among African countries and in the Arab world can be restored. Where Africa is going is a question that haunts the international community. It poses a strategic questio
22、n African countries themselves must answer as well. With the major world players, political as well as economic, casting their eyes on Africa, African countries face challenges and are also presented with historical opportunities. Will a chain reaction in African-US relations be triggered off by the
23、 restoration of US-Libyan diplomatic ties and by the United States increasing strategic input in the continent? This is a subject worth closely watching and following. （分数：71.00）(1).Libya had ever been regarded as one of the terrorism-supporting countries before.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Before the ann
24、ouncement of the rapprochement to Libya, Libya together with Iran are the only two countries that could be subject to possible US nuclear strike.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Libya has never gone in for weapons of mass destruction programmes, while Iran has done it.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).US will soon begin
25、 military attacks on Venezuela as a punishment to that country.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).The other reason that US decided to restore full diplomatic ties with Libya is that Libya is the second-largest oil producing country in Africa.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Latin American will continue to be the stable e
26、nergy-resources backyard for the United States.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Before 1990, the US strategic focus is on Europe and the Middle East.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).By taking advantage of the United States 1, other major powers of the world have made great progress in the relationship with African coun
27、tries.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).There is still a obstacle in front of the full diplomatic ties between US and Libya: the country has still 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Since those major powers are shifting their strategic focus to Africa, African countries are presented with historical opportunities while at th
28、e same time they will also 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.The woman shouldnt be so anxious.B.He is already an hour late.C.The woman shouldnt wait to be interviewed.D.He is too nervous to calm down.A.She is an engineer.B.She is a mathematician.C.She is the manager of a comp
29、any.D.She is an artist.A.At 6:00.B.At 6:15.C.At 6:30.D.At 6:45.A.She doesnt understand it.B.She likes it very much.C.She is used to it though she dislikes it.D.She doesnt like it and wants to give it up.A.Husband and wife.B.Salesman and customer.C.Daughter and mother.D.Father and son.A.She needed it
30、.B.It was cheap.C.It fits her well.D.It was a gift.A.English.B.French.C.Spanish.D.German.A.She is always running.B.She is still in a race.C.She feels very well.D.She still has a fever.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.His research and teaching.B.His growth and his father.C.Intellectual development; natur
31、e or nurture?D.His clever and humorous character.A.How to observe and appreciate the world.B.How to make something to ease miners work.C.How to become an “above average“ miner.D.How to teach himself to become a great man.A.Early education seems more important than anything else.B.Both nature and nur
32、ture have worked for him.C.His fathers training plays a key role in his early education.D.The mind of a great scientist must be nurtured, not natured.A.Get a ride home with Nancy.B.Find a place to live.C.Go to the store before it closes.D.Carry his groceries home.A.He didnt expect to buy a lot.B.He
33、had only one bag of groceries.C.The supermarket is just down the block.D.He thought hed get a ride with the Kramers.A.They are paying for his education.B.They invited him to their party.C.They took him on a vacation with them.D.They let him live with them for free.A.People knew of Fly Spy in the pas
34、t.B.A very small radio station is placed in the body of each spy.C.It is easy for people to discover a fly spy.D.These spies are sent flying everywhere in the world.A.For scouting.B.For collecting rubbish.C.For amusement.D.For collecting peoples secrets.A.Two square meters.B.Two square millimeters.C
35、.Less than two square millimeters.D.Twice the size of two square millimeters.A.They liked travelling.B.The reasons are unknown.C.They were driven out of their homes.D.They wanted to find a better place to live in.A.They are unfriendly to Gypsies.B.They admire the musical talent of the Gypsies.C.They
36、 are envious of Gypsies.D.They try to put up with Gypsies.A.They are now taught in their own language.B.They are now allowed to attend local schools.C.Special schools have been set up for them.D.Permanent homes have been built for them.A.Through the living-room window.B.Through the kitchen window.C.
37、The door was unclosed.D.The neighbor gave the key.A.The friend was very hungry.B.There were eggs and chicken in the refrigerator.C.He would come late.D.The friend was good at cooking.A.The friend was expecting to stay with him.B.There was no key under the door-mat.C.The friend has a wonderful meal i
38、n his absence.D.The friend got into the neighbors flat.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid (36) 1of goods at reasonable prices, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide
39、 for export at (37) 2 prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps (38) 3to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it (39) 4an increased need for labor, and is therefore an effective way to fight (40) 5. It lowers the costs of many (41) 6: without advertisements your daily ne
40、wspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television (42) 7would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost more. And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a (43) 8 of reasonable value in the products and you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven Acts
41、of Parliament govern, the terms of advertising, (44) 9. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, (45) 10. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and tha
42、t it represents good value. (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)If you want to increase your odds of having a long and lively lifetime, scientists say, work on getting an average of seven or eight hour
43、s of sleep a night. If you get only six hours or less, you stand a 70 percent chance of dying before your time. Scientists are finding that if you dont get enough sleep, you are putting yourself at increased risk of heart trouble, digestive disease, or a serious, even fatal (致命的) accident. When tire
44、d, your sight, hearing, and attention are slow to alert you to dangers-and once you are aware of them, your reactions are also slow. H. Craig Heller-a professor of biology at Stanford University-is one of a small army of scientists studying the reasons why many people can t sleep and wake refreshed,
45、 why the brain puts you to sleep, and why lack of sleep causes such powerful effects. Heller notes that most major accidents have occurred in the early morning, when workers probably were still sleepy from deficient (不足的) sleep. He includes the explosion at the nuclear power plant at Chernobyl in Uk
46、raine, the release of poisonous gas at Bhopal, India and the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania. Scientists estimate that more than 100 million Americans have sleep troubles of some kind. Getting too little sleep heads the list. As many as one American in five gets fewer than six
47、hours of sleep a night. Some people can get along on six hours, but most of us need between seven and eight-and children and young adults need up to 10 hours. As we age, it becomes more difficult to get enough sleep. At any age, however, we all can pile up a sleep deficit that eventual ly will force
48、 us to fall asleep-whether we re ready or not. （分数：177.50）(1).The word “odds“ in Line 1 of Paragraph 1 means _.（分数：35.50）A.happinessB.preferencesC.chancesD.capability(2).The author s purpose in writing this article is to _.（分数：35.50）A.inform readers of Heller s findings in his researchesB.persuade readers to get enough sleep at different agesC.show readers the importance of getting enough sleepD.tell readers how many hours of sleep they should get(3).The phrase “such powerful effects“ in Line 3
