1、大学英语四级 112 及答案解析(总分：746.55，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on topic Practice Makes Perfect. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese ) below: 1怎样理
2、解“熟能生巧”? 2例如：在英语学习中 3又如 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Your Actions Speak Louder Communication Nonverbal communication (非语言交际) teaching it and measuring effect is more difficult than formal language instruction. But now that language has achieved its proper recognition as being ess
3、ential for success, the area of nonverbal behavior should be taught to people who will live in another country in a systematic way, giving them actual experience, awareness, sensitivity. Indeed, it is the rise in linguistic (语言上的) fluency which now makes nonverbal fluency even more critical. A lingu
4、istically fluent visitor may tend to offend even more than those who dont speak as well if that visitor shows ignorance about interface etiquette (礼节) ; the national may perceive this disparity (不等) between linguistic and nonlinguistic performance as a disregard for the more subtle aspects of interc
5、ultural communication. Because nonverbal cues reflect emotional states, both visitor and host national might not be able to articulate (清晰明白地说 ) whats going on. While it would be difficult to map out all the nonverbal details for every language that Peace Corps (美国和平队) teaches, one can hope to make
6、visitors aware of the existence and emotional importance of nonverbal channels. I have identified five such channels: kinesic, proxemic, chronemic, oculesic, and haptic. Kinesics (身势语) Kinesics movement of the body (head, arms, legs, etc.) . The initial example from the health center in Ethiopia was
7、 a problem caused by a kinesic sign being used which had different meanings cross-culturally. Another example, the American gesture of slitting ones throat implying “Ive had it,“ or “Im in trouble,“ conveys quite a different message in Swaziland. It means “I love you.“ Americans make no distinction
8、between gesturing for silence to an adult or to a child. An American will put one finger to the lips for both, while an Ethiopian will use only one finger to a child and four fingers for an adult. To use only one finger for an adult is disrespectful. On the other hand, Ethiopians make no distinction
9、 in gesturing to indicate emphatic (断然的) negation (拒绝) . They shake their index finger (食指) from side to side to an adult as well as to a child, whereas this gesture is used only for children by Americans. Thus, if visitors are not conscious of the meaning of such behavior, they not only offend thei
10、r hosts but they will be offended by them. Drawing in the cheeks and holding the arms rigidly by the side of the body means “thin“ in Amharic. Diet-conscious Americans feel complimented if they are told that they are slim and so may naturally assume that to tell an Ethiopian friend this is also comp
11、limentary. Yet, in Ethiopia and a number of other countries, this is taken pejoratively (轻蔑地) , as it is thought better to be heavy-set, indicating health and status and enough wealth to ensure the two. Proxemics (空间语) Proxemics the use of interpersonal space. South Americans, Greeks, and others fin
12、d comfort in standing, sitting, or talking to people at a distance which Americans find intolerably close. We give their unusual closeness the social interpretation of aggressiveness and intimacy, causing us to have feelings of hostility, discomfort, or intimidation (胁迫). If we back away to our grea
13、ter distance of comfort, we are perceived as being cold, unfriendly, and distrustful. Somalis would see us as we see South Americans, since their interface distance is greater still than ours. Chronemics (语空) Chronemics the timing of verbal exchanges during conversation. As Americans, we expect our
14、partner to respond to our statement immediately. In some other cultures, people time their exchanges to leave silence between each statement. For Americans this silence is unsettling (使人不安的). To us it may mean that the person is shy, inattentive, bored, or nervous. It causes us to repeat, paraphrase
15、, talk louder, and “correct“ our speech to accommodate our partner. In the intercultural situation, it might be best for the visitor to tolerate the silence and wait for a response. Oculesics(目光语) Oculesics eye-to-eye contact or avoidance. Americans are dependent upon eye contact as a sign of listen
16、ing behavior. We do not feel that there is human contact without eye contact. In many countries there are elaborate patterns of eye avoidance which we regard as inappropriate. Haptics (体触语) Haptics the tactile (触觉的) form of communication. Where, how, and how often people can touch each other while c
17、onversing are culturally defined patterns. We need not go beyond the borders of our own country to see groups (Italians and black Americans, for example) which touch each other more often than Anglo-Americans do. Overseas, Americans often feel crowded and pushed around by people who have much higher
18、 toleration for public physical contact and even need it as part of their communication process. A visitor may feel embarrassed when a host national friend continues to hold his or her hand long after the formal greetings are over. These five channels of nonverbal communication exist in every cultur
19、e. The patterns and forms are completely arbitrary, and it is arguable as to what is universal and what is culturally defined. （分数：71.00）(1).In Ethiopia you should not beckon an adult.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).As people become more proficient in a language, their nonverbal errors are not considered ser
20、ious.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Americans make no distinction between nonverbal communication with a child and an adult.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Eye-to-eye contact can be an important form of communication.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).There are important differences in the proxemics of North and South Americans
21、.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Anglo-Americans touch each other less often than Italians and black Americans do.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).In Nigeria, prolonged eye-contact is considered disrespectful.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).The five 1of nonverbal communication exist in every culture.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Diet-co
22、nscious Americans feel 1if they are told that they are slim.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).It is 1which now makes nonverbal fluency even more critical.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.No, he missed it.B.Yes, he probably did.C.Yes, he did.D.No, he didnt.A.Its quiet in the restaurant.B.Th
23、e price is high in the restaurant.C.The restaurant serves good food.D.The restaurant is too far from their school.A.Voluntary work can help the man establish connections with the community.B.The mans voluntary work has left him little room in his schedule.C.Voluntary work with the environment counci
24、l requires a time commitment.D.A lot of people have signed up for voluntary work with the environment council.A.He lost a lot of weight in several months.B.He stopped exercising a few months ago.C.He had a unique way of staying healthy.D.He was never persistent in anything he did.A.She is confident.
25、B.She is worried.C.She is bored.D.She is upset.A.At the information desk.B.In an office.C.In a restaurant.D.At a railway station.A.The man is usually the last to hand in his test paper.B.The man has made a mess of his midterm exam.C.The man has bad study habits.D.The man is a diligent student.A.Tryi
26、ng to persuade the male members to vote for her.B.Running for chairman of the Trade Union.C.Choosing a campaign manager.D.Selecting the best candidates.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.The election for senator.B.The election for treasurer.C.The election for secretary.D.The election for president.A.Theyr
27、e competing against each other in an election.B.The man is writing the womans speech.C.The man is interviewing the woman.D.The woman is planning the mans campaign.A.Junior class treasurer.B.President.C.Senior class treasurer.D.Vice president.A.Make posters.B.Write a speech.C.Answer questions.D.Study
28、 chemistry.A.The heating is broken.B.The man is fixing the heating.C.The housekeeper is fixing the heating.D.The maid is cleaning the heating.A.Their shouting disturbs her sleep.B.They show no respect toward her.C.They quarrel with her.D.Their foreign accent is terrible.A.3.B.4.C.5.D.6.A.At a restau
29、rant.B.At a shopping mall.C.In a library.D.At a hotel.A.Those who are themselves spoiled and self-centered.B.Those who expected to have several children but could only have one.C.Those who like to give expensive jewels to their children.D.Those who give birth to their only children when they are bel
30、ow 30.A.Because their parents want them to share the family burden.B.Because their parents are too strict with them in their education.C.Because they have nobody to play with.D.Because their parents want them to grow up as fast s possible.A.Two types of only children.B.Parents responsibilities.C.The
31、 necessity of family planning.D.The relationship between parents and children.A.They have no sisters or brothers.B.They are overprotected by their parents.C.Their parents expect too much of them.D.Their parents often punish them for minor faults.A.They want to change the way English is taught.B.They
32、 learn English to find well-paid jobs.C.They want to have an up-to-date knowledge of English.D.They know clearly what they want to learn.A.Professionals.B.College students.C.Beginners.D.Intermediate learners.A.Courses for doctors.B.Courses for businessmen.C.Courses for reporters.D.Courses for lawyer
33、s.A.Three groups of learners.B.The importance of business English.C.English for Specific Purposes.D.Features of English for different purposes.A.The longest street in the world.B.A TV program.C.A country.D.The United States.A.Those who watch the show five times a week learn more than the occasional
34、viewers.B.Those who watch the show occasionally learn more than the five-time viewers.C.Those who watch the show at different hours learn more than regular viewers.D.Those who watch the show regularly learn more than the viewers watch it at different hours.A.The skillful use of a variety of TV trick
35、s.B.The famous stars on “Sesame Street“.C.The children can learn and want to learn more.D.The children can understand.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If parents bring up a child with the aim of turning the child into a (36) 1, they will cause a disaster. According to several leading educational (37) 2, t
36、his is one of the biggest mistakes that (38) 3parents make. Generally, the child will be only too aware of what the parent expects, and will fail. Unrealistic parental (39) 4can cause great damage to children. However, if parents are not too (40) 5about what they expect their children to do, but are
37、 in a (41) 6way, the child may succeed in doing very well especially if the parents are very supportive of their child. Michael Li is very lucky. He is crazy about music, and his parents help him a lot by taking him to concerts and arranging (42) 7piano and violin lessons for him. Although Michaels
38、mother knows very little about music, Michaels father plays the trumpet in a large (43) 8. However, he never makes Michael enter music competitions if he is unwilling. Michaels friend, Winston Chen, however, is not so lucky. (44) 9. They want their son to be (45) 10. They are very unhappy when he do
39、es not win. “When I was your age, I used to win every competition I entered.“ Winstons father tells him. (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)One of the most exciting features of the Digital Divide Netw
40、ork website is the ability for every DDN member to have a personal blog(网络日志). Blogs contain journal entries written by the author, whos referred to as a blogger. Most blogs display the most recent entry at the top of the Web page, with previous entries below that in reverse chronological order. Blo
41、gging has revolutionized Internet publishing in the last several years because it gives everyone with Internet access the opportunity to become an online writer. Whether they want to talk about culture, politics, the Internet or their favorite hobbies, bloggers have popped up everywhere. Experts est
42、imate there are at least five million blogs online today, and every day, thousands of people become bloggers for the first time. Bloggers have different reasons for creating a blog. Some bloggers just like to generate debate. Others use blogging as civic journalists, writing news stories you might o
43、therwise not see in mainstream media. Organizations often use blogs to publish newsletters, or share resources with their colleagues. Even students blog to publish their classroom writings online for peer review. But generally, most people blog because they feel they have something important to say,
44、 and are empowered by expressing themselves over the Internet. Whether its a casual hobby or an intense avocation, blogging is a wonderful way to share your ideas with others. There are a variety of blogging tools available to the public. Many of them are fee-based services, while others are free bu
45、t require the inclusion of advertising on your blog, or require a high amount of technical expertise. Because of this, we decided to create a blogging tool that would allow members of the Digital Divide Network to create their own blogs with an easy-to-use interface thats free of advertising. As you
46、ll see, our blogging tool is designed for beginners, but experienced bloggers may use it to “mirror“ their existing blogs on the Digital Divide Network. （分数：177.50）(1).How the entries of the blogs are arranged?（分数：35.50）A.In chronological order.B.In the order of importance.C.According the number of
47、browsing (浏览).D.The older entries are at the bottom of the Web page.(2).Why blogs are increasingly popular among the online user according to the passage?（分数：35.50）A.Because people can express themselves freely in their blogs.B.Because blogs are more reliable than the news in the mainstream media.C.
48、Because many surfers want to be a online writer.D.Because blogs are vigorously publicized by the experts.(3).What is the authors purpose of writing this passage?（分数：35.50）A.To discuss the impact of blogs on our society.B.To promote a new bogging tool.C.To introduce several kinds of blogging tool.D.To instruct how to write ones personal blog.(4).According to the last paragraph, what is the authors opinion of many blogging tools?（分数：35.50）A.They include many high technologies.B.They are satisfactory t
