1、大学英语四级 110 及答案解析(总分：746.58，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the President of the University about Improving the Sports Facilities on Campus. You should write no more than 120 words, and
2、base your composition on the out line given in Chinese below: 假设你是江林，请你写一封信给校长，建议改善本校体育设施状况，内容应涉及体育设施对大学生的重要性，目前学校体育设 施的状况(football ground sports hall)等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Earthquakes What causes earthquakes? The earth is formed of layers. The sur
3、face of the earth, about 100 kilometers thick, is made of large pieces. When they move against each other, an earth quake happens, A large movement causes a violent earthquake, but a small movement causes a mild one. Earthquakes last only a few seconds. The rolling movements are called seismic (地震的)
4、 waves. The seismic waves start in one place, called the epicenter (震中) , and roll outward. A seismic wave travels around the earth in about twenty minutes. Usually, an earthquake is strong enough to cause damage only near its epicenter. However, epicenters at the bottom of the ocean create huge sea
5、 waves as tall as 15 meters. These waves cross the ocean in several hours. Rushing toward land, they destroy small islands and ships in their path. When they hit land, they flood coastal areas far from the epicenter of the earthquake. In 1868, a wave reached 4. 5 kilometers inland in Peru. In 1896,
6、a wave in Japan killed 27,000 people. After an earthquake happens, people can die from lack of food, water and medical sup plies. The amount of destruction caused by an earthquake depends on where it happens, what time it happens, and how strong it is. It also depends on types of buildings, soil con
7、ditions, and population. Of the 6,000 earthquakes in the world each year, only about fifteen cause great damage and many deaths. In 1556, an earthquake in northern China killed 830,000 people-the most in history. There was no way to measure its strength. In 1935, scientists started using the Richter
8、 Scale to measure seismic waves. A seriously destructive earthquake measures 6.5 or higher on the Richter Scale. How can scientists predict earthquakes? Earthquakes are not just scattered anywhere but happen in certain areas, places where pieces of the earth s surface meet. This pattern causes them
9、to shake the same places many times. For example, earthquakes often occur on the west coasts of North and South America, around the Mediterranean Sea, and along the Pacific coast of Asia. Another way to predict earthquakes is to look for changes in the earth s surface, like a sudden drop of water le
10、vel in the ground. Some people say animals can predict earthquakes. Before earthquakes, people have seen chickens sitting in trees, fish jumping out of the water, snakes leaving their holes, and other animals acting strangely. On February 4, 1975, scientists predicted an earthquake in northeastern C
11、hina and told people in the earthquake zone to leave the cities. More than a million people moved into the surrounding countryside, into safe, open fields away from buildings. That afternoon, the ground rolled and shook beneath the people s feet. In seconds, 90 percent of the buildings in the city o
12、f Haicheng were destroyed. The decision to tell the people to leave the cities saved 10,000 lives. However, more than a year later, on July 28,1976, the scientists were not so lucky. East of Beijing, Chinese scientists were discussing a possible earthquake. During their meeting, the worst earthquake
13、 in modern times hit. Estimates of deaths ranged from 250,000 to 695,000. The earthquake measured 7.9 on the Richter Scale. Earthquakes often come together with volcanic eruptions. In late 1984, strong earthquakes began shaking the Nevado del Ruiz volcano in the Colombia every day. On November 14,19
14、85, it erupted. A nearby river became a sea of mud that buried four towns. This disaster killed more than 2,100 people. Mexico City has frequent earthquakes. An earthquake there on September 19,1985, measured 8.1 on the Richter Scale and killed 8,100 people. Most victims died when buildings fell on
15、them. San Francisco, California, also has frequent earthquakes. However, newer buildings there are built to be safe in earthquakes. Therefore, when an earthquake measuring 7.1 on the Richter Scale hit northern California on October 17,1989, only 67 people were killed. The earth quake hit in the afte
16、rnoon, when thousands of people were driving home from work. Freeways and bridges broke and fell. Buried under the layers of the Oakland Freeway, people were crushed in their flattened cars. Explosions sounded like thunder as older buildings seemed to burst apart along with the freeways. As the elec
17、tric power lines broke from the falling bridges and buildings, the sky, covered with huge clouds of black dust, appeared to be filled with lightening. Water rushed into the streets from broken pipes and mixed with gas from broken gas lines, causing more explosions. Emergency workers had to cope with
18、 medical problems. Everyone worked together to save survivors and comfort victims. The next day, the disaster sites looked terrible. Victims couldnt find their houses, their cars, or even their streets. Boats were destroyed, and debris (残骸，碎片) covered the surface of the sea. There was no water, no e
19、lectricity, no telephone, only the smell of garbage floating in melted ice in refrigerators open to the sun. Losses and property damage from the earthquake amounted to millions of dollars. Seismology (地震学) is the study of earthquakes, and a seismologist is a scientist who observes earthquakes. Seism
20、ologists have given us valuable knowledge about earthquakes. Their equipment measures the smallest vibration on the surface of the earth. They are trying to find ways to use knowledge about earthquakes to save lives and to help solve the world s energy shortage. The earth s natural activity undergro
21、und creates energy in the form of heat. Geothermal means earth heat. This geothermal energy could be useful. However, if we take natural hot water out of the earth in earthquake zones, we might cause earthquakes. People live in earthquake zones because of natural beauty, productive soil, and large e
22、xisting centers of population. However, people who live there should expect earthquakes. They should be prepared to protect their lives and property. They must build safer buildings and roads. Hospitals and electric power stations must be built as far as possible from probable earth quake sites. Whe
23、n an earthquake starts, people must run to open ground or stay in protected areas like doorways even bathtubs. If seismologists could predict earthquakes, we could save about 20,000 human lives each year. Humans can control many things about nature, but we cannot control earthquakes. （分数：71.00）(1).T
24、his passage mainly tells us the damage of earthquakes and how to predict an earthquake in order to protect lives and property. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Earthquakes happen periodically in certain places. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).The strength of an earthquake is usually only large enough to cause damage n
25、ear its epicenter. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).There was no way to measure strength of the earthquake that killed the most people because the Richter Scale wasnt large enough to measure it. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Most earthquakes do not cause great damage and many deaths. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).The earth
26、quake that happened on July 28,1976 caused many deaths because researches of earthquakes in China were stopped then. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Usually earthquakes measuring 6.5 or higher on the Richter Scale can cause serious destructions. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).The amount of damage caused by an earthq
27、uake depends on the place, time, strength, types of buildings, soil conditions, and _. （分数：7.10）_(9).Scientists can predict earthquakes by means of paying attention to places where pieces of the earths surface meet or by _. （分数：7.10）_(10).When an earthquake starts, people must nm to open ground or _
28、. （分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Skating.B.Swimming.C.Boating and swimming.D.Boating and skating.A.Put her report on his desk.B.Read some papers he recommended.C.Improve some parts of her paper.D.Mail her report to the publisher.A.She takes it as a kind of exercise.B.She wants to
29、save money.C.She loves doing anything that is new.D.Her office is not very far.A.A shop assistant.B.A telephone operator.C.A waitress.D.A clerk.A.A railway porter.B.A taxi driver.C.A waitress.D.A postal clerk.A.Most people killed in traffic accidents are heavy drinkers.B.She does not agree with the
30、man.C.Drunk drivers are not guilty.D.People should pay more attention to the danger of drunk driving.A.$1.40.B.$4.30.C.$6.40.D.$8.60.A.Collect papers for the man.B.Do the typing once again.C.Check the paper for typing errors.D.Read the whole newspaper.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Final exams.B.A his
31、tory class.C.A summer tour.D.Term papers.A.His parents will take her to Gettysburg.B.He has been to Gettysburg several times.C.He has to go to Gettysburg for his history class.D.He has never been to Gettysburg until now.A.Why he needed to go to Gettysburg.B.What places his parents took him to that s
32、ummer.C.What he saw at Gettysburg last time.D.Why they failed to go to Gettysburg.A.It is a place with historical significance.B.It is only a few hours drive from their city.C.Children need to go there for history education.D.It should be the first choice for summer tours.A.She tried to help newcome
33、rs to her country.B.She wanted to teach English better.C.She planned to write about the evening school.D.She was interested in foreigners.A.Reading.B.Grammar.C.Speaking.D.Writing.A.Have classes.B.Meet his brother.C.Work in a restaurant.D.See his uncle.A.Ask for another gift.B.Exchange it for somethi
34、ng useful.C.Sell it.D.Just keep it.A.To make the couple happy.B.To make the couple richer.C.To make the marriage legal.D.To express our best wishes to the couple.A.Because he hasnt three children.B.Because he has to make fortune for his wifes family.C.Because it is a necessary type of gift to exchan
35、ge at marriage.D.Because it is a necessary ceremony at marriage.A.A class of science students.B.A group of teachers.C.English language students.D.His teacher.A.Empty the water out of the cans.B.Glue white paper around one can and black paper around the other can.C.Make 2 cardboard lids.D.Wash your h
36、ands.A.The water in both cans will be the same.B.The water in both cans will be cooler.C.The water in the black can will be warmer than the water in the white can.D.The water in the white can will be warmer than the water in the black can.A.The color of the dog.B.The price of the dog.C.Whether the d
37、og will fit the environment.D.Whether the dog will get along with the other pets in the house.A.It must be trained so it wont bite.B.It demands more food and space.C.It needs more love and care.D.It must be looked after carefully.A.They are less likely to run away.B.Its easier for their masters to t
38、rain them.C.They are less likely to be shy with human beings.D.Its easier for them to form a relationship with their masters.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The lack of is the reason most people fail in attaining their goals. Many organizational analysts and (36) 1 consultants consider to be the (37) 2 k
39、ey to success at both the organizational and (38) 3 level. Success (39) 4 comes easily on the first try. What (40) 5 the successful from the unsuccessful is (41) 6. Successful people also fail (42) 7 but they do not let their failures (43) 8 their spirit. (44) 9. And again. And again. Until they suc
40、ceed. (45) 10, usually passing the blame on to someone or something else, and learn nothing from their experience other than perfecting their scapegoating techniques. Successful people expect periodic s, learn what went wrong and why, dont waste time looking for someone to blame, make necessary adju
41、stments, and try again. (46) 11. If you are not persistent, you will almost certainly fail. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)You are busy filling out the application form for a position you really need. Lets
42、 assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isnt it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University? More and mo
43、re people are resorting to outright deception like this to land their first job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from prestige schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway , but he or she assumes that chances of being hired ar
44、e better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with fraudulent claims like these at the rate of about one per week. Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms. Then, if it turns out that an applicant is lying, mos
45、t colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them “impostors“ ; another refers to them as “special cases“. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by “no such people“. To avoid outright li
46、es, some job-seekers claim that they “attended“ or “were associated with“ a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that “attending“ means flunking out after one semester. It may be that “ being associated with“ a college means that the job-seeker visited hi
47、s younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the centurythats when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you dont want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phoney diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from “Smoot State University“. The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the “University
