1、大学英语四级-87 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.00)People who live in heavily industrialized areas do not get as much sunlight as they should. Dust 1 over a city at altitudes (海拔) of between 4,000 and 8,000 feet cuts out between 20 and 50 percent of the sunlight and up to 90
2、 percent of the ultraviolet light (紫外线). But dust is not the only thing to 2 about. When fuels are burned, whether in a factory, or in a home, or in the engine of a car, CO2 is given off. CO2 in the atmosphere acts as a kind of 3 around the earth, keeping warms in and so slowly raising the 4 of the
3、earth. This could really change the climate all over the world. Everybody wants to have a car. 5 , while they are giving us so much pleasure, cars are also poisoning us. The amount of dangerous substances sent out by a car is quite 6 . Did you know, for example, that a hundred cars produce on 7 a th
4、ird of a ton of CO, as well as many other 8 substances every day? Now, more and more people are realizing the importance of clean air. Schools are now teaching about the pollufion problems. Scientists and engineers are trying to 9 new engines for cars. But what about the millions of cars already in
5、use? Must they all be thrown away? It might be very 10 to change them so that they, too, are pollution-free. A. forge B. screen C. expensive D. floating E. unfortunately F. average G. poisonous H. develop I. temperature J. surprising K. overtaking L. essential M. regulation N. generously O. worry（分数
6、：25.00）Unless measures are taken at once, there is a possibility that all the oceans of the world will be dead by the next century. How can this possibly happen? We have already seen that people 11 all kinds of waste products to be thrown into the sea. It is almost 12 to measure how much industrial
7、waste ends up in our oceans, but we can 13 how much oil is poured into them according to the law and against the law. It is against the law to pour oil into the sea 14 to the shore, but when a ship is many miles out to the sea there are no such 15 . Estimate of the amount of on poured in European Wa
8、ters 16 is about 200,000 tons every year. Some people say the 17 could be ten times as high around the world. It is not only our 18 that suffer from oil pollution. Among other things, many fish now contain very high amounts of 19 substances. Next time you have fish to eat, how can you be sure that t
9、hey are free from oil pollution? You cannot see the 20 and you cannot taste them, either. It is really quite a problem. Nearly all of the countries are trying hard to prevent and control oil pollution. We hope that the day will soon come when fish will be free from oil pollution. A. limitations B. s
10、eashores C. allow D. invade E. close F. poisonous G. afterwards H. agenda I. edit J. figure K. impossible L. alone M. effects N. calculate O. extensive（分数：25.00）There“s a world paper shortage. There“s a national bottle 21 , and we“re running out of raw materials like timber and tinor so the papers s
11、ay. Well, I“ve just emptied my Shopping basket after my 22 shopping trip and it was full of things made from these 23 materials. Haft of what I“d bought I threw away at once; all those unnecessary paper bags, plastic bags, fresh 24 paper and old newspapers they put the food in nowadays. Modern packa
12、ging makes shopping cleaner and more convenient, but at what 25 ? Every time you throw away a paper bag you“re throwing away part of a treeand trees don“t grow 26 ! At this rate there soon won“t be any trees left, and then what shall we do? Perhaps we“ll learn to do what my mother did. She used to k
13、eep a store of paper bags in a kitchen 27 and use them again and again for her shopping. Most goods were sold 28 in those days. And the shopkeeper weighed out the amount you wanted. Of course, liquid goods have always been 29 in bottles or cans, but why can“t we use them more than once? If we 30 all
14、 our bottles we would save on the raw materials and energy needed to make new ones. It“s time we started to think seriously about the growing shortage of raw materials in the world today. A. drawer B. seldom C. weekly D. reused E. cost F. verify G. overnight H. wrapping I. enclosed J. loose K. sold
15、L. shortage M. scarce N. partial O. ban（分数：25.00）Hungry prehistoric hunters, not climate change, drove elephants to extinction during the Pleistocene era (更新世), new research suggests. At least 12 kinds of elephants 31 to wander about the African, Eurasian, and American continents. Today, only two 32
16、 of elephants are left in South Asia and Africa. One theory for this dramatic death holds that rapid climate shifts at the end of the most recent major ice age, some 10,000 years ago, 33 vegetation and broke up habitats (栖息地), causing the death of those unable to adapt to the new conditions. Another
17、 34 blames prehistoric humans, whose improved weapons and hunting techniques allowed them to wipe out whole herds of elephants. To help 35 the debate, archaeologist Todd Surovell of the University of Wyoming, and col- leagues tested two assumptions, If humans caused the elephant extinction, Surovell
18、 reasoned, the timing of the die-off in 36 regions should match human expansion into those regions. On the contrary, if the extinction was 37 to climate change, elephants should remain in regions 38 colonized by humans and would only begin to die off once climate change occurred. The team tested bot
19、h theories by analyzing where and when elephants were killed. In all, the study included 41 archaeological sites on five continents. The researchers found that, as humans 39 out of Africa, they left a trail of dead elephants behind them. The creatures disappear from the fossil record of a region onc
20、e it became colonized by humans. Modern elephants survived in rerfuges 40 to humans, such as tropical forests, says Surovell. A. uninviting B. migrated C. declined D. due E. memorial F. specific G. already H. casually I. hypothesis J. endurance K. resolve L polish M. altered N. used O. species（分数：25
21、.00）大学英语四级-87 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.00)People who live in heavily industrialized areas do not get as much sunlight as they should. Dust 1 over a city at altitudes (海拔) of between 4,000 and 8,000 feet cuts out between 20 and 50 percent of the sunlight and up to
22、 90 percent of the ultraviolet light (紫外线). But dust is not the only thing to 2 about. When fuels are burned, whether in a factory, or in a home, or in the engine of a car, CO2 is given off. CO2 in the atmosphere acts as a kind of 3 around the earth, keeping warms in and so slowly raising the 4 of t
23、he earth. This could really change the climate all over the world. Everybody wants to have a car. 5 , while they are giving us so much pleasure, cars are also poisoning us. The amount of dangerous substances sent out by a car is quite 6 . Did you know, for example, that a hundred cars produce on 7 a
24、 third of a ton of CO, as well as many other 8 substances every day? Now, more and more people are realizing the importance of clean air. Schools are now teaching about the pollufion problems. Scientists and engineers are trying to 9 new engines for cars. But what about the millions of cars already
25、in use? Must they all be thrown away? It might be very 10 to change them so that they, too, are pollution-free. A. forge B. screen C. expensive D. floating E. unfortunately F. average G. poisonous H. develop I. temperature J. surprising K. overtaking L. essential M. regulation N. generously O. worry
26、（分数：25.00）解析：D解析 此处应为形容词或动词的分词，作 Dust 的后置定语。根据 Dust，over a city 及本句句意，可以推断空白处应为 floating 一词，表示漂浮在城市上空的灰尘。解析：O解析 此处应为动词，可与 about 搭配为动词词组。结合上一句，可以推断作者想表达灰尘并不是唯一令人担忧的东西，因此答案为 worry。解析：B解析 此处应为名词。本句中的分词部分 keeping warms in.是对空白处名词功能的定义，由此可推断本题答案为 screen。解析：I解析 此处应为名词，作 raising 的宾语。在本句中，raising the.是 keep
27、ing warms in 的结果，也就是说，二氧化碳阻挡了地球热量的散发，造成的结果就是使地球的温度上升，可见本题答案为temperature。解析：E解析 此处应为副词，作整句的状语。本句中的 while 和 also 两个词表明，汽车提供乐趣的同时也有其有害的一面，因此答案为 unfortunately。解析：J解析 此处应为形容词。该段最后一句的例子是为了举例说明本题空白处所在的句子的，由该例子可以看出，作者想表明汽车排放的危险物质的数量非常惊人，由此可以推断，本题答案为surprising。解析：F解析 此处应为名词，并可与 on 搭配。根据本句句意，可以推断空白处应为 average
28、。on average 意为“平均起来”。解析：G解析 此处应为形容词。从该句中的 as well as 可以推断空白处的形容词应为贬义，表明汽车除了排放出一氧化碳外，还排放其他的有害物质，因此本题答案为 poisonous。解析：H解析 此处应为动词，而且是动词原形。从上下文的内容可以推断，科学家正在尝试研发新型的汽车引擎，以减少空气污染，因此本题答案为 develop。解析：C解析 此处应为形容词。本段第 4 句和第 5 句两个问句表明，要改装现在已经投入使用的汽车以减少它们的污染很困难，花费很大，词库中只有 expensive 可以表达这个意思。要注意的是，词库中的essential 一
29、词放在空白处在语法和语义上也是成立的，但是如果结合上文两个问句的内容，essential就不如 expensive 合适了。Unless measures are taken at once, there is a possibility that all the oceans of the world will be dead by the next century. How can this possibly happen? We have already seen that people 11 all kinds of waste products to be thrown into t
30、he sea. It is almost 12 to measure how much industrial waste ends up in our oceans, but we can 13 how much oil is poured into them according to the law and against the law. It is against the law to pour oil into the sea 14 to the shore, but when a ship is many miles out to the sea there are no such
31、15 . Estimate of the amount of on poured in European Waters 16 is about 200,000 tons every year. Some people say the 17 could be ten times as high around the world. It is not only our 18 that suffer from oil pollution. Among other things, many fish now contain very high amounts of 19 substances. Nex
32、t time you have fish to eat, how can you be sure that they are free from oil pollution? You cannot see the 20 and you cannot taste them, either. It is really quite a problem. Nearly all of the countries are trying hard to prevent and control oil pollution. We hope that the day will soon come when fi
33、sh will be free from oil pollution. A. limitations B. seashores C. allow D. invade E. close F. poisonous G. afterwards H. agenda I. edit J. figure K. impossible L. alone M. effects N. calculate O. extensive（分数：25.00）解析：C解析 此处应为及物动词充当谓语成分。根据上下文的意思“人们 -|_|-各种各样的废物被扔进大海”，只有 allow(允许)最合适。解析：K解析 此处应为形容词，
34、可与 to 搭配，与 is 构成本句谓语。上一句提到的扔进大海的废物是all kinds，因此可推断 to measure how much 是很难或不可能的，词库中只有 impossible 最合适。解析：N解析 此处应为动词原形。根据 but 一词表示的转折关系，可以推断空白处的动词应与前面分句中的 measure 一词近义，因此答案为 calculate。解析：E解析 此处应为形容词，与 to the shore 构成 the sea 的后置定语。根据本句中 but 引出的转折分句及其中的 many miles out to the sea，可以推断空白处与其意思相反，因此答案为 clo
35、se。解析：A解析 此处应为名词。比较该分句与前一分句的内容，可以推断空白处的单词应与前面分句中的the law 意思相近，因此 limitations 为正确答案。解析：L解析 此处应为副词。根据上下文，该副词应涉及倾倒废油的范围，因此答案为 alone。解析：J解析 此处应为名词。联系上一句提到欧洲水域石油的倾泄量及本句中的 ten times as high around the world，可以推断 figure 最合适。解析：B解析 此处应为名词。本句是对上一段的总结，起到承上启下的作用。因此 seashores 是本题答案。解析：F解析 此处应为形容词。联系下一句的 oil pol
36、lution，可以推断该形容词应表示消极意义，因此答案为 poisonous。解析：M解析 此处应为名词。上下文提到我们不能知道鱼是否有毒，我们既无从知道吃这种鱼的后果，也不能去吃这种鱼以确定它是否有毒，由此可见，effects 最合适。There“s a world paper shortage. There“s a national bottle 21 , and we“re running out of raw materials like timber and tinor so the papers say. Well, I“ve just emptied my Shopping ba
37、sket after my 22 shopping trip and it was full of things made from these 23 materials. Haft of what I“d bought I threw away at once; all those unnecessary paper bags, plastic bags, fresh 24 paper and old newspapers they put the food in nowadays. Modern packaging makes shopping cleaner and more conve
38、nient, but at what 25 ? Every time you throw away a paper bag you“re throwing away part of a treeand trees don“t grow 26 ! At this rate there soon won“t be any trees left, and then what shall we do? Perhaps we“ll learn to do what my mother did. She used to keep a store of paper bags in a kitchen 27
39、and use them again and again for her shopping. Most goods were sold 28 in those days. And the shopkeeper weighed out the amount you wanted. Of course, liquid goods have always been 29 in bottles or cans, but why can“t we use them more than once? If we 30 all our bottles we would save on the raw mate
40、rials and energy needed to make new ones. It“s time we started to think seriously about the growing shortage of raw materials in the world today. A. drawer B. seldom C. weekly D. reused E. cost F. verify G. overnight H. wrapping I. enclosed J. loose K. sold L. shortage M. scarce N. partial O. ban（分数
41、：25.00）解析：L解析 此处应为名词。结合上一句提到的 paper shortage 和本句中说到的 running out of raw matenals，可以推断空白处应为“缺乏”之义，故答案为 shortage。解析：C解析 此处应为形容词。很多外国人通常每周购物一次，这个从本句中第二个分句 it was full of things 可见一斑，因此 weekly 最合适。值得注意的是，weekly 虽然以 ly 结尾，但它是形容词而不是副词。解析：M解析 此处应为形容词。本句中的 these 一词提示这些材料是上两句中说到的比较缺乏的物资，因此本题答案为 scarce。解析：H解析
42、 此处应为形容词。本句中 unnecessary 等词及定语从句 they put the food in 提示了本句中列举的都是包装材料，因此本题答案为 wrapping。解析：E解析 此处应为名词，作介词 at 的宾语。从上下文的内容可以推断，cost 一词最适合。at what cost 意为“以什么代价”。解析：G解析 此处应为副词，作 grow 的状语。根据上下文，该句应指树不会长得很快，词库中只有overnight 合适。don“t grow overnight 意为“不会一夜之间长成”。解析：A解析 此处应为名词。根据前文 keep a store of paper bags 等
43、内容，可以推断该词是指收藏纸袋的地方，所以 drawer 是本题答案。解析：J解析 此处应为副词或形容词，作 were sold 的状语。根据下一句所述店家可以按你要的量称给你，可以推断该句应指商品的售卖模式，因此空白处最合适的单词是 loose。be sold loose 意为“零卖”。解析：K解析 由前面的 halve been 可知此处应为动词的过去分词形式。对比上文可知，本句提到的是液体商品的包装方法和销售模式与上文提到的其他商品不同，因此该词应表“包装”或“销售”之义，词库中只有 sold 最合适。解析：D解析 由主句谓语动词 would save 可知此处应为动词的过去式，充当从句
44、的谓语。本句是一个虚拟语气句，根据上文的 use them more than once，可得出答案为 reused。Hungry prehistoric hunters, not climate change, drove elephants to extinction during the Pleistocene era (更新世), new research suggests. At least 12 kinds of elephants 31 to wander about the African, Eurasian, and American continents. Today, o
45、nly two 32 of elephants are left in South Asia and Africa. One theory for this dramatic death holds that rapid climate shifts at the end of the most recent major ice age, some 10,000 years ago, 33 vegetation and broke up habitats (栖息地), causing the death of those unable to adapt to the new condition
46、s. Another 34 blames prehistoric humans, whose improved weapons and hunting techniques allowed them to wipe out whole herds of elephants. To help 35 the debate, archaeologist Todd Surovell of the University of Wyoming, and col- leagues tested two assumptions, If humans caused the elephant extinction
47、, Surovell reasoned, the timing of the die-off in 36 regions should match human expansion into those regions. On the contrary, if the extinction was 37 to climate change, elephants should remain in regions 38 colonized by humans and would only begin to die off once climate change occurred. The team
48、tested both theories by analyzing where and when elephants were killed. In all, the study included 41 archaeological sites on five continents. The researchers found that, as humans 39 out of Africa, they left a trail of dead elephants behind them. The creatures disappear from the fossil record of a
49、region once it became colonized by humans. Modern elephants survived in rerfuges 40 to humans, such as tropical forests, says Surovell. A. uninviting B. migrated C. declined D. due E. memorial F. specific G. already H. casually I. hypothesis J. endurance K. resolve L polish M. altered N. used O. species（分数：25.00）解析：N解析 此处需要能跟不定式词 to 的动词作谓语的一部分。从词库中的六个动词来看，used 与 to搭配，意为“过去常常”，与后一句的 Today 形成对比，故为答案。解析：O解析 此处需要由限定词 two 修饰的复数名词作句子的主语。只有 species 是复数名词，且与前一句中的 kinds 属于同义词，two species of elephants 意为“两种大象”。解析：M解析 此处
