1、大学英语四级-83 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.00)It seems to me that today“s prime-time leader needs a top-5 list that clearly lays out his or her priorities. Whether you“re running a department, a large corporate division, or a multinational company, the leadership 1 that
2、 guide your decisions are much the same. 1. Give direction. Stand in front of the mirror and say, “Here is our future“ five times without stuttering (结结巴巴). A leader“s most important job at any organization is to 2 out a road map to the future. If you can“t 3 that direction, you“re a managernot a le
3、ader. Your vision must be real, substantive (真实的), and something people can believe in. Have the guts to make decisions while there“s still 4 in them. 2. Create a culture 5 on innovation and cooperation. Innovation is about more than designing fashionable products. It“s also about improving customer
4、 experiences and services. 3. Keep it simple and focused. Identify five key areas that need improvement in your company or division and keep at them until you get them right. Your list might include such things as cost containment, quality, or customer satisfaction. Set 6 targets for each one, and h
5、old people accountable (有责任的) for results. Measure, 7 , and review progress on a timely basis and reward results. 4. Commit to diversity and social 8 . Get beyond your dreaded mission statement and make these values central to how you do business. 5. Lead by example. Keep your moral compass at all t
6、imes especially when you need to make a difficult decision. Make sure you also have a management team that you trust and 9 . Operate on the credo (信条): Take care of your customers and the people who take care of your customers and the growth and 10 will take care of themselves. Do all of that, and y
7、ou“ll have an organization that will make you proud. A. tough B. provide C. resolves D. monitor E. profit F. guarantees G. lay H. respect I. risk J. responsibility K. perfect L. principles M. based N. prospect O. administration（分数：25.00）Are you living your life to the fullest? Are you happy with who
8、, what, or where you are today? Are you doing what you love? Most of us are searching for something, or sometime in the future when we will finally be happy. But we know from last week“s attack that there are no 11 there will be a tomorrow. Life is precious and we must 12 each day. Before the attack
9、, what brought many of us happiness were 13 things. Now we are seeing that family, friends, and being our true selves is what life is all about. Before the attack, we may have known that we wanted to be happy, but we put ourselves on hold because there were responsibilities, bills to pay, and we kne
10、w we could 14 on being happy tomorrow. Now, we have learned that we may only have today. So, how can you be happy today? Follow these easy steps: 1. Accept that You Deserve to Be Happy: Being happy today is accepting that you deserve to be happy. If you do not think that this is true, then no 15 you
11、 are not. The messages you tell yourself 16 which direction your life will take. Tell yourself that is OK to be happy, and that you will 17 for happiness each day. 2. Accept Who You Are: Being happy today is accepting who you are, the good, the bad and the ugly. It is knowing that you are doing the
12、best you can do, and being 18 with that. I am not saying to 19 what you would like to improve in your life, but if you only see what is 20 , you lose out on loving what is great about you. A. apply B. strive C. work D. survive E. content F. guarantees G. missing H. illustrate I. wonder J. ignore K.
13、material L. confident M. determine N. conservations O. appreciate（分数：25.00）Some marriages seem to collapse so suddenly that you“d need a crystal ball to predict their demise (灭亡). In other 21 , though, the seeds of marital dissolution are not only easier to see but they may be planted even before th
14、e honeymoon bills come 22 . According to UCLA psychologist Thomas Bradbury, Ph. D., the way a newlywed 23 when his or her spouse is facing a personal problemwork stress, say, or a recent weight gainis a 24 good window into their marital future. Bradbury and Lauri Pasch, Ph.D., invited 57 couples, al
15、l married less than six months, to 25 a difficulty that each partner was having. While some couples proved to be superstars at providing emotional support, others were woefully inept (笨拙的). You just cringed (退缩) when you watched them, Bradbury says. Two years later, nine of the couples had already 2
16、6 and five other marriages were intact but hanging by a thread. These 14 couples, it turned out, had been far less likely to provide support to one another as newlyweds than the other 43 couples whose marriages were 27 . Bradbury thinks a couple“s inability to help each other through 28 times is wha
17、t often blossoms into full-fledged marital discord (不和谐)and ultimately divorce. All of which suggests an obvious antidote (轶事) to the sky-high divorce rate: ff couples can learn how to provide emotional support before they marry, they 29 a better chance of staying together. The trouble, Bradbury say
18、s, is that couples who go for premarital counselingwhere they can learn such skills 30 to be the ones with a lesser risk for marital problems in the first place. A. thriving B. comments C. tough D. tend E. committing F. cases G. stand H. intends I. due J. reacts K. surprisingly L. durable M. split N
19、. regularly O. discuss（分数：25.00）How did the early people do their counting? At first, they did all their counting with small stones. Later, they learned to use their fingers in counting. Since man has ten fingers, the number ten became the 31 of all counting in many parts of the world. In 1946 the f
20、irst electronic computers went into 32 . Since its invention the computer has changed greatly, and it has more and more uses. It can 33 people from difficult measurement and computation. There are 34 computations in science and engineering. Scientists are unable to make them, but the computer can do
21、 them quickly and 35 . For instance, a spaceship cannot leave the earth and go to the moon without computers. What must the spaceship be like? When can it leave? Will it be on the right 36 ? The computer must answer all these questions. In recent years more and more people have used computers not on
22、ly in production and technology, but also in everyday life, for the simple reason that they are far more 37 than man. They have much better memories and can 38 large amounts of information. No man 39 can do 500,000 sums in one second, but a computer can. In fact, computers can do many of the things
23、we do, but faster and better. They can 40 machines in factories, work out tomorrow“s weather, and even do translation work. In the future we are going to use computers for almost everything almost every day. A. control B. alive C. operation D. reproduce E. correctly F. efficient G. free H. omit I. c
24、omplex J. foundation K. discipline L. store M. living N. naturally O. course（分数：25.00）大学英语四级-83 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.00)It seems to me that today“s prime-time leader needs a top-5 list that clearly lays out his or her priorities. Whether you“re running a depa
25、rtment, a large corporate division, or a multinational company, the leadership 1 that guide your decisions are much the same. 1. Give direction. Stand in front of the mirror and say, “Here is our future“ five times without stuttering (结结巴巴). A leader“s most important job at any organization is to 2
26、out a road map to the future. If you can“t 3 that direction, you“re a managernot a leader. Your vision must be real, substantive (真实的), and something people can believe in. Have the guts to make decisions while there“s still 4 in them. 2. Create a culture 5 on innovation and cooperation. Innovation
27、is about more than designing fashionable products. It“s also about improving customer experiences and services. 3. Keep it simple and focused. Identify five key areas that need improvement in your company or division and keep at them until you get them right. Your list might include such things as c
28、ost containment, quality, or customer satisfaction. Set 6 targets for each one, and hold people accountable (有责任的) for results. Measure, 7 , and review progress on a timely basis and reward results. 4. Commit to diversity and social 8 . Get beyond your dreaded mission statement and make these values
29、 central to how you do business. 5. Lead by example. Keep your moral compass at all times especially when you need to make a difficult decision. Make sure you also have a management team that you trust and 9 . Operate on the credo (信条): Take care of your customers and the people who take care of you
30、r customers and the growth and 10 will take care of themselves. Do all of that, and you“ll have an organization that will make you proud. A. tough B. provide C. resolves D. monitor E. profit F. guarantees G. lay H. respect I. risk J. responsibility K. perfect L. principles M. based N. prospect O. ad
31、ministration（分数：25.00）解析：L解析 此处需要名词，与 leadership 形成搭配。根据其后的定语从句 that guide your decisions，可知词库中的名词只有 principles 最为合适。leadership principles 意为“领导原则”。解析：G解析 此处需要动词，由前面的 to 可知是原形，且能与其后的 out 搭配。再根据宾语 a road map，可以推断动词词组的含义为“制定”或“设计”，词库中符合条件的动词是 lay。lay out 意为“布置，设计”。解析：B解析 此处需要及物动词，而且在 can“t 之后，这个动词必须是原
32、形。此句是由 If 引导的条件句，由此可推断与上文提到的设计未来的路线图语义相关。因此词库中最合适的及物动词原形是provide。provide that direction 意为“指明那个方向”。解析：I解析 此处需要名词，而且 there“s 可知是单数。根据 while 前面的 guts“勇气”，可得出答案为 risk“风险”。解析：M解析 此处需要形容词或动词分词，能与 on 搭配修饰 culture。词库中符合条件的是based。base on 意为“以为基础，以为根据”。解析：A解析 此处需要形容词，修饰 target。由下文所说“让专人对结果负责”，可推断目标是“明确的”或“严格
33、的”。所列出的两个形容词 tough 和 perfect 中，tough 比较合适，意思是“严格的”。解析：D解析 此处需要及物动词原形，且与 measure 和 review 并列，能与 progress 搭配。由此可知monitor 比较合适。monitor progress 意为“监督进步”。解析：J解析 此处需要名词，且能 social 修饰，与 commit 搭配。词库中的 responsibility 合条件，为正确答案。commit.to social responsibility 意为“承担社会责任”。解析：H解析 此处需要动词，且与 trust 并列，都表示积极意义。因此可知
34、答案为 respect“尊重”。解析：E解析 此处需要名词。由其并列的名词 growth，可知该词表示积极意义，因此 profit“利润”为正确答案。Are you living your life to the fullest? Are you happy with who, what, or where you are today? Are you doing what you love? Most of us are searching for something, or sometime in the future when we will finally be happy. But
35、we know from last week“s attack that there are no 11 there will be a tomorrow. Life is precious and we must 12 each day. Before the attack, what brought many of us happiness were 13 things. Now we are seeing that family, friends, and being our true selves is what life is all about. Before the attack
36、, we may have known that we wanted to be happy, but we put ourselves on hold because there were responsibilities, bills to pay, and we knew we could 14 on being happy tomorrow. Now, we have learned that we may only have today. So, how can you be happy today? Follow these easy steps: 1. Accept that Y
37、ou Deserve to Be Happy: Being happy today is accepting that you deserve to be happy. If you do not think that this is true, then no 15 you are not. The messages you tell yourself 16 which direction your life will take. Tell yourself that is OK to be happy, and that you will 17 for happiness each day
38、. 2. Accept Who You Are: Being happy today is accepting who you are, the good, the bad and the ugly. It is knowing that you are doing the best you can do, and being 18 with that. I am not saying to 19 what you would like to improve in your life, but if you only see what is 20 , you lose out on lovin
39、g what is great about you. A. apply B. strive C. work D. survive E. content F. guarantees G. missing H. illustrate I. wonder J. ignore K. material L. confident M. determine N. conservations O. appreciate（分数：25.00）解析：F解析 此处需要名词，而且由 are 可知是复数形式。上文提到我们在寻找将来最终会很快乐的某个时候，由本句的 but 转折，可以推断不一定会有明天，因此 guarant
40、ees 比较合适，意为“保证”。解析：O解析 此处需及物动词，而且在 must 之后，故为原形。根据前半句“生命是宝贵的”，可以推测我们必须要“珍惜”或“感激”每一天，因此答案为 appreciate。解析：K解析 此处需要形容词，修饰 things。本句与下一句 now 形成对比，所以根据下一句里的family，friends，and being our true selves 可以推断这里是指有形的东西，由此可知 material 比较合适。material things 意为“物质的东西”。解析：C解析 此处需要不及物动词，与 on 搭配，而且在 could 之后，故为原形。在词库里的不
41、及物动词中，apply 后接 to 或 for，determine 后接 to，strive 后接 to 或 for，survive 后不能接 on，只有work 可以和 on 构成词组，意为“从事于；致力于”。解析：I解析 此处需名词。联系上一句所说 accepting that you deserve to be happy，可以知道空格后的 you are not 省略了 happy。结合本句句意，词库中的名词 wonder 比较合适。no wonder 意为“不足为奇”。解析：M解析 此处需要及物动词作谓语，主语是 messages，所以该动词为原形。符合条件的动词中，能与 direc
42、tion 搭配的是 determine(决定)。解析：B解析 此处需要不及物动词原形，能与 for 搭配。词库中符合条件的动词有 apply 和strive，apply for 意为“申请”，strive for 意为“奋斗，争取”。联系上下文，显然 strive 比较合适。解析：E解析 此处需形容词，并能与 with 构成词组。在词库里的形容词中，confident 与 about 搭配，指“对有信心”，只有 content 符合要求，be content with 意为“对满足”。另外空白处后的that 是指上文 doing the best you can do，由此可知应该感到 con
43、tent“满足”。解析：J解析 此处需及物动词原形。根据上一句 doing the best，可知 I“m not saying to 后要表达的是消极意义。由此可知词库中 ignore 为合适，意思是“忽视”。解析：G解析 此处需形容词或动词分词。根据主句动词 lose out，可得出答案为 missing，意为“缺少的”。Some marriages seem to collapse so suddenly that you“d need a crystal ball to predict their demise (灭亡). In other 21 , though, the seeds
44、 of marital dissolution are not only easier to see but they may be planted even before the honeymoon bills come 22 . According to UCLA psychologist Thomas Bradbury, Ph. D., the way a newlywed 23 when his or her spouse is facing a personal problemwork stress, say, or a recent weight gainis a 24 good
45、window into their marital future. Bradbury and Lauri Pasch, Ph.D., invited 57 couples, all married less than six months, to 25 a difficulty that each partner was having. While some couples proved to be superstars at providing emotional support, others were woefully inept (笨拙的). You just cringed (退缩)
46、 when you watched them, Bradbury says. Two years later, nine of the couples had already 26 and five other marriages were intact but hanging by a thread. These 14 couples, it turned out, had been far less likely to provide support to one another as newlyweds than the other 43 couples whose marriages
47、were 27 . Bradbury thinks a couple“s inability to help each other through 28 times is what often blossoms into full-fledged marital discord (不和谐)and ultimately divorce. All of which suggests an obvious antidote (轶事) to the sky-high divorce rate: ff couples can learn how to provide emotional support
48、before they marry, they 29 a better chance of staying together. The trouble, Bradbury says, is that couples who go for premarital counselingwhere they can learn such skills 30 to be the ones with a lesser risk for marital problems in the first place. A. thriving B. comments C. tough D. tend E. commi
49、tting F. cases G. stand H. intends I. due J. reacts K. surprisingly L. durable M. split N. regularly O. discuss（分数：25.00）解析：F解析 此处需填名词，而且可以和 in other 搭配，构成词组。根据上文提到的 some marriages，可知此处指另外的“婚姻”。词库中的名词 cases 可以指代再次出现的事物，所以正确。in other cases 意为“在其他的事例中”。解析：I解析 此空有两种可能，一种是填形容词，前面的 come 作连系动词使用；另一种是填副词，用来修饰 come。词库中的副词不符合语义的要求，所以只能在形容词中查找，due 比较合适，意思是“应支付的，到期的”。解析：J解析 此处需要填不及物动词，因为后面出现的是现在时，所以需要动词的第三人称单数形式。符合要求的动词有 comments，reacts 和 intends，但 comment 常与 on/upon 连用，而 intend 则往往和 to do 连用，只有 reacts 符合上下文的语义，意为“做出反应”。解析：K解析 此处需副词，修饰 g
