1、大学英语四级-266 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Author Eric Carle Hopes Friends Helps Him Find HisOn the back page of Eric Carle“s new picture book, Friends , is a brownish snapshot taken in 1932. It“s a sharp contrast to the rest of the book, which is filled with brightly
2、 painted tissue-paper collages (拼贴画). That“s become Carle“s trademark style in more than 70 books. In the snapshot, Carle, then 3, is smiling and hugging a girl in a white dress on a sidewalk in Syracuse, N.Y. At 84, Carle can“t remember her name, only that she was his friend and the daughter of Ita
3、lian immigrants. At a lunch in Manhattan with Bobble, his wife of 40 years, Carle laughs at the old photo of two kids with their arms tightly around each other. In the book, the text with the snapshot notes that when Carle was 6, “I moved far away. We never saw each other again. I often think about
4、my long-ago friend, and I wonder what happened to her.“ Friends (for ages 3-5) tells the story of two friends, a boy and a girl. When she moves away, the boy declares, “I must find her.“ Adventures continue until he does. It“s a story inspired by Carle“s childhood friend, who he is hugging in this p
5、hoto, taken in 1932. It“s a happy ending: They played and ran and danced and told each other secrets. and got married. “It“s not exactly autobiographical (自传体),“ says Carle, who divorced his first wife before “finding a new love and my best friend, Bobbie.“ Now, he and his wife spend winter in the m
6、ountains of North Carolina, summer in the Florida Keys and occasionally visit the Eric Carle Museum of Picture Book Art in Amherst, Mass., which they began in 2002. It exhibits work by Carle and others. Four of Carle“s titles have been released as e-books, which have been slow to catch on with the p
7、reschool set. “I like to hold books and touch them,“ he says. “But in the future, who knows? When they invented papyrus (纸莎草纸), someone probably said, “Storytelling was so good. Why did we have to go and put it on papyrus?“ But one thing doesn“t change: It“s the story that counts. The medium doesn“t
8、 matter.“（分数：12.50）(1).What does “ snapshot “ (Line 2, Para. 1) mean?（分数：2.50）A.Book title.B.Photo.C.Story.D.Tissue-paper collage.(2).What is the typical style of Eric Carle“s books?（分数：2.50）A.With a brownish photo on the cover.B.With a brightly colored collage on the back page.C.Full of old brownis
9、h snapshots.D.Full of brightly painted tissue-paper collages.(3).What is the book Friends (for ages 3-5) about?（分数：2.50）A.The story of two lovers.B.The story of two friends.C.The story between Carle and his wife.D.The story between Carle and his friend.(4).What do we know about the Eric Carle Museum
10、 of Picture Book Art?（分数：2.50）A.Carle built it up to recall an old friend.B.Carle and his first wife often visited it.C.It was established in 2002.D.It only exhibits Carle“s work.(5).What did Carle say about the future of books?（分数：2.50）A.More and more e-books will be released.B.Papyrus will not be
11、used in a few years.C.The story itself is always the most important.D.More attention should be paid to the media of stories.Gay Rights in ChileEvery now and then a society is confronted by a crime so horrific that it prompts profound reflection and, eventually, change. Among such crimes was the murd
12、er in Chile of Daniel Zamudio. On October 28th 2012 a court sentenced one of his attackers to life in prison. Two of the others got 15 years each; the fourth got seven years. Zamudio was beaten unconscious in a park in the capital, Santiago, for being gay. His foul attackers carved swastikas (纳粹党所用的
13、十字记号) into his skin, branded him with cigarettes and hit his right leg very hard with an 8 kg rock. According to the court testimony, they then urinated (小便) on his body. Zamudio died in hospital three weeks later. He was 24. The change that followed was brisk. Within weeks of the murder, legislator
14、s passed into law an anti-discrimination bill that had been kicking around Congress, largely ignored, for seven years. Gay rights have been a theme in the current presidential campaign. Most of the candidates say they now back gay marriage. Chile has never been an easy place for homosexuals (同性恋). T
15、he Catholic church maintains a frightening, if gradually decreasing, grip on public morality. Divorce was banned until 2004, and gay sex decriminalised only in 1999 (in Argentina and Brazil it has been legal since the 19th century). Chile is one of only four countries in South America where the age
16、of consent is higher for gays than for heterosexuals (异性恋). And, depressingly, brutal attacks like the one on Zamudio continue. On October 20th 2012 a 21-year-old gay man, Wladimir Sepulveda, was assaulted in the town of San Francisco de Mostazal, 60kin south of Santiago, as he walked home with anot
17、her man. His six attackers included two women. Witnesses said the attackers shouted homophobic (仇视同性恋的) insults at Mr. Sepulveda, shoved him to the ground and kicked and beat him unconscious. He remains in a coma (昏迷), fighting for his lifea sad reminder that Chile is not as safe and orderly a haven
18、 in an often violent continent as Chileans like to think. At least not for everyone.（分数：12.50）(1).Why was Daniel Zamudio beaten by four attackers?（分数：2.50）A.Because he had offended others before.B.Because he was homosexual.C.Because he intended to commit a crime.D.Because he was against gay rights.(
19、2).What“s the change followed the murder of Daniel Zamudio?（分数：2.50）A.All the presidential candidates supported gay marriage.B.Legislators passed the anti-discrimination bill.C.The Congress began to consider the anti-discrimination bill.D.The current presidential campaign was suspended.(3).What does
20、 the word “ decriminalised “ (Line 3, Para. 4) mean?（分数：2.50）A.Allowed.B.Prohibited.C.Legalised.D.Encouraged.(4).What does the continuation of brutal attacks imply?（分数：2.50）A.It is immoral to be a homosexual.B.A lot of people are afraid of homosexuals.C.Chile is becoming safer for everyone.D.Chile i
21、s not as safe as Chileans think.(5).What does the author think about the life of homosexuals in Chile?（分数：2.50）A.Easy.B.Safe.C.Tough.D.Orderly.Ugly Faces Are More MemorableThe old saying of never forgetting a pretty face might be untrue as psychologists believe beautiful people are less likely to be
22、 recognized. A new study suggests that attractiveness can actually prevent the recognition of faces, unless a pretty face is particularly distinctive. German psychologists think the recognition of pretty faces is distorted (扭曲) by emotions. Scientists at the University of Jena, Germany, discovered t
23、hat photos of unattractive people were more easily remembered than pretty ones when they showed them to a group of people. Researchers Holger Wiese, Carolio Altmann and Stefan Schweinberger from the university, wrote in their study: “We could show that the test subjects were more likely to remember
24、unattractive faces than attractive ones, when the latter didn“t have any particularly noticeable traits.“ For the study, which was published in science magazine Neuropsychologia , the psychologists showed photos of faces to test subjects. Half of the faces were considered to be more attractive and t
25、he other half as less attractive, but all of them were being thought of as similarly distinctive looking. The test subjects were shown the faces for just a few seconds to memorize them and were shown them again during the test so that they could decide if they recognized them or not. The scientists
26、were surprised by the result. “Until now we assumed that it was generally easier to memorize faces which are being perceived as attractive, just because we prefer looking at beautiful faces,“ Dr. Wiese said. But the study showed that such a connection cannot be easily sustained. He assumes that reme
27、mbering pretty faces is distorted by emotional influences, which enhance the sense of recognition at a later time. The researchers“ idea is backed up by evidence from EEG-recordings (脑电图记录) which show the brain“s electric activity, which the scientists used during their experiment. The study also re
28、vealed that in the case of attractive faces, considerably more false positive results were detected. In other words, people thought they recognized a face without having seen it before. “We obviously tend to believe that we recognize a face just because we find it attractive.“ Dr. Wiese said.（分数：12.
29、50）(1).What can be inferred from the new study?（分数：2.50）A.Beautiful people are particularly distinctive.B.People are reluctant to recognize ugly faces.C.Attractive faces are always easy to be recognized.D.Attractiveness sometimes prevents the recognition of faces.(2).What do we know about the photos
30、 from paragraph 3?（分数：2.50）A.They were selected at random.B.They were all of pretty faces.C.They were not distinctive at all.D.They were showed twice to the test subjects.(3).Why do we generally assume it is easier to memorize beautiful faces?（分数：2.50）A.Because beautiful faces are more memorable.B.B
31、ecause we love to look at beautiful faces more.C.Because our memory favors beautiful things.D.Because beautiful faces have distinctive traits.(4).How do emotional influences distort remembering pretty faces?（分数：2.50）A.They can enhance the sense of recognition later.B.They can change our memory about
32、 it gradually.C.They make us tend to remember what we like.D.They make us fail to make a good judgment.(5).What does “ false positive results “ (Line 2, Para. 5) mean?（分数：2.50）A.People recognize fewer faces than they have thought.B.People recognize more ugly faces than pretty ones.C.People claim to
33、recognize a face they have never seen.D.People actually only recognize few pretty faces.Happiness May Improve HealthBeing healthy can make a person happy, but happiness itself may also lead to better health, according to a new study. Researchers found that people who enjoy life tend to maintain bett
34、er physical function than those who don“t do daily activities as they age. The study included more than 3,000 people aged 60 and older living in England, and followed them for eight years. The participants of the study reported how much they enjoyed life by rating statements such as “I enjoy the thi
35、ngs that I do“ and “I enjoy being in the company of others“ of seven Things That Will Make You Happy. Using in-person interviews, the researchers examined whether participants experienced impairments (损害，伤害) in their daily activities, such as getting out of bed, getting dressed or bathing. They also
36、 measured participants“ walking speed with a gait test (步行试验). The results showed that happier people maintained better physical function as they aged. The unhappiest people in the study were about 80 percent more likely to develop impairments in daily functions, compared with the happiest, accordin
37、g to the study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal . The researchers also found that “happier people“s walking speed declines at a slower rate than those who enjoy life less,“ said Andrew Steptoe, director of Institute of Epidemiology (流行病学) and Health Care at University College Lo
38、ndon. “This is not because the happier people are in better health, or younger, or richer, or have more healthy lifestyles at the outset, since even when we take these factors into account, the relationship persists,“ Steptoe said. As expected, poor health was linked to lower levels of happiness: Pe
39、ople with chronic illnesses (慢性病) such as heart disease, stroke and depression reported lower levels of enjoyment of life. The study cannot confirm a cause-and-effect relationship between happiness and health, but adds to the evidence that enjoyment of life is relevant to the future disability and m
40、obility of older people, according to the researchers. “Efforts to enhance well-being at older ages may have benefits to society and health care systems,“ the researchers said.（分数：12.50）(1).According to the researchers, people who enjoy life are likely to _.（分数：2.50）A.live longerB.do more daily acti
41、vitiesC.keep physical function betterD.be psychologically healthy(2).What did the participants report?（分数：2.50）A.If they experienced any impairments.B.If they enjoyed what they did.C.How much daily activities they did.D.How much they enjoyed life.(3).What can we learn from the results of the gait te
42、st?（分数：2.50）A.Older people walk at a slower speed.B.People become happier as they get old.C.Unhappy people are likely to walk more slowly.D.Unhappy people“s walking speed declines more quickly.(4).As expected, people of poor health tend to _.（分数：2.50）A.suffer from illnessesB.enjoy life moreC.be more
43、 activeD.feel depressed(5).What may be the result of enhancing well-being at older ages?（分数：2.50）A.People will be happier than ever.B.Health care system will benefit.C.Old people will be much happier.D.There will be more old people.Reversing Aging: Not as Crazy as You ThinkWhat makes cells age? Wear
44、 and tear, yes. But biologically, says Dr. David Sinclair, professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School, it“s lack of oxygen that signals cells that it“s their time to go. Without oxygen, the energy engines known as the mitochondria (线粒体) become less efficient at turning physiological Fuel like g
45、lucose (葡萄糖) into the energy that the cells need to function. Eventually, they shut down. But in a paper published in the journal Cell , Sinclair and his colleagues describe for the first time a compound naturally made by young cells that is able to make older cells energetic and youthful again. In
46、an experiment in mice, the team found that giving older mice a chemical called NAD for just one week made 2-year-old-mice tissue resemble that of 6-month-old mice (in human years, that would be like a 60-year-o!d“s cells becoming more like those belonging to a 20-year-old). As animals age, says Sinc
47、lair, levels of NAD drop by 50%; with less of the compound, the communication between the cell and its mitochondrial energy source also pauses occasionally, and the cell becomes easily hurt from common aging attacksinflammation (炎症), muscle wasting (肌肉萎缩) and slower metabolism (新陈代谢). By tricking th
48、e cell into thinking it“s young again, with adequate amounts of NAD, aging can theoretically be reversed. His next step is to put NAD in the drinking water of his mice, and see if they take longer to develop the typical chronic diseases linked to aging, such as inflammation, muscle wasting and cance
49、r. The pathway may become an important target for cancer researchers as well, since tumors (肿瘤) typically grow in low-oxygen conditions and are more common in older patients. Because NAD is a naturally occurring compound that simply declines with age, Sinclair is optimistic that boosting its levels in people won“t have as many significant negative effects as introducing an entirely new compound might. “If a body is slowly falling apart and losing the ability to regulate itself effectively, we can get it back on track to what it was in its 20s and 30s,“ he says.（分数：12.50）(1).What wi
