1、大学英语四级-265 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)The Science of Love at First SightBiologists believe that love is fundamentally a biological rather than a cultural construct. That is because the capacity for love is found in all human cultures and similar behaviour is foun
2、d in some other animals. But what does science have to say about the notion of love at first sight? In recent years the ability to watch the brain in action has offered a wealth of insight into the mechanics of love. Researchers have shown that when a person falls in love a dozen different parts of
3、the brain work together to release chemicals that trigger feelings of euphoria (愉快), bonding and excitement. It has also been shown that the unconditional love between a mother and a child is associated with activity in different regions of the brain from those associated with sexual, pair-bonding l
4、ove. In fact, the desires, motivations and withdrawals involved in love have a great deal in common with addiction. What this means is that one special person can become chemically rewarding to the brain of another. Love at first sight, then, is only possible if the mechanism for generating long-ter
5、m attachment can be triggered quickly. There are signs that it can be. One line of evidence is that people are able to decide within a fraction of a second how attractive they find another person. Ayala, a psychologist at Ben-Gurion University, also found in a survey that a small fraction (11%) of p
6、eople in long-term relationships said that they began with love at first sight. It is also clear that some couples need to form their bonds over a longer period, and popular culture tells many tales of friends who become lovers. One might also speculate that if a person is looking for a partner with
7、 traits that cannot be quantified instantly, such as compassion, intellect or a good sense of humour, then it would be hard to form a relationship on the basis of love at first sight. Those more concerned only with visual appearances, though, might find this easier. So it appears that love at first
8、sight exists, but is not a very common basis for long-term relationships.（分数：12.50）(1).How do biologists regard love?（分数：2.50）A.It has nothing to do with culture.B.It is basically a biological concept.C.It is only seen in some human cultures.D.It cannot be explained by science.(2).What did researche
9、rs find in recent years?（分数：2.50）A.We are able to watch the brain in action.B.People will become happy when in love.C.Unconditional love does not exist.D.All kinds of love are unconditional.(3).What“s the relationship between love and addiction?（分数：2.50）A.Addiction made people easily fall in love.B.
10、Addiction largely affects romantic love.C.They are totally contradictive.D.They share lots of things.(4).How long do people need to know how they like another person?（分数：2.50）A.Several hours.B.Several days.C.Less than a quarter.D.Less than a second.(5).Which kind of people tend to fall in love at fi
11、rst sight?（分数：2.50）A.Those who are not serious about relationship.B.Those who care about appearance very much.C.Those who have good visual appearances.D.Those who value intellect more than faces.A New Excuse for Unsuccessful InvestorsEconomists work on the assumption that people act rationally. If o
12、nly life were that simple. Investors certainly don“t always act as they should. Among other unwise acts, they trade too much, do not diversify their portfolios (投资组合) enough and are reluctant to discard underperforming stocks. They may have been born to behave that way. A recent study into investmen
13、t behavior by Stephan Siegel of Arizona State University“s WP Carey School of Business, and Henrik Cronqvist of Claremont McKenna College, illuminates the role that genes play in determining investment decisions. The authors examine the investment behavior of 15,208 pairs of Swedish twins, using dat
14、a from the country“s twin registry and its tax authority, which until 2007 kept comprehensive records on every financial transaction. Controlling for various factors, they find that identical twins, who share all their genes, were more similar in their investing behavior than fraternal twins (异卵双胞胎)
15、 , who share about half their genes. The authors calculate that genetic factors account for between a quarter and half of the variations in irrational investment behavior between individuals. These factors are at work across more dimensions than just investing. Twins who showed a bias towards buying
16、 familiar shares rather than unknown ones, for example, also showed a preference for living closer to their place of birth and for marrying a spouse from the same region. Investors with large portfolios were particularly susceptible (易受影响的) to genetic influences. If genes explain up to a half of the
17、 variations in investment behavior, what governs the rest? The authors also calculated the impact of shared environmental influences on the twins as well as the effect of experiences unique to one half of a twin pair. Common childhood experiences like schooling were found to have almost no influence
18、 on investment behavior. But individual experiences explain half of the variations between twin pairsas much as, and often more than, genes. The study has its limitations. It looks at data from only one country during a limited period of time, for example. But it suggests that attempts to persuade p
19、eople to invest more rationally have some big inbuilt (生来就有的) biases to overcome.（分数：12.50）(1).How do economists think about investors?（分数：2.50）A.They do lots of stupid things.B.They trade as much as they can.C.They are reluctant to change.D.They always make right decisions.(2).How did the authors d
20、o the research?（分数：2.50）A.They looked at the data from Swiss.B.They checked all the behaviors of the twins.C.They examined the investment behavior of twins.D.They investigated less than 2,000 pairs of twins.(3).What role do the genetic factors play in irrational investment?（分数：2.50）A.They account fo
21、r 50% of the variations at most.B.They barely have any influence on twins.C.They make twins buy similar shares.D.They affect investing in different ways.(4).What can explain the variations in investment behavior except genes?（分数：2.50）A.Environmental influences.B.Schooling experiences.C.Childhood mem
22、ories.D.Individual experiences.(5).What does the author of this article think of the study?（分数：2.50）A.Its limitations can be overlooked.B.The results of it are quite convincing.C.It tells us biases influence investing.D.The data it used cannot be trusted.Did the Rich Get Rich from Hard Work or “Conn
23、ections“A new Pew Research poll shows that the cultural battle between rich and poor is as fierce as ever. Fully 66% of Americans believe there are “strong“ or “very strong“ conflicts between rich and poor in the U.S. That“s way up from 47% in 2009. The rich-poor conflict now eclipses perceived conf
24、licts over immigration. The poll found that 62% of respondents believed there was a strong conflict between immigrants and native-born Americans less than the 66% for rich-poor. What“s more, Americans remain highly skeptical of the way the rich in America get rich. According to the poll, 46% of resp
25、ondents believe the wealthy got wealthy “because they were born with money or they knew the right people“. Only 43% of Americans believe that “hard work, ambition or education“ are the reasons the rich got rich. Of course, these questions could have been phrased more precisely. Getting rich through
26、an inheritance is very different from getting rich by making the right connections and relationships in life (clearly a part of any rich-person“s journey). They should be separated as wealth causes. And the numbers are about the same as they were in 2009, meaning that while class-warfare may be at a
27、n all-time high, Americans“ actual perceptions of the rich haven“t changed much. Yet their opinions are still fairly negative, since more Americans believe the rich owe their fortunes to their parents or social circles rather than hard work, ambition or education. This skeptical view is most pronoun
28、ced among the young, or those between the ages of 18 and 34. Republicans believe in the “hard work“ path more than Democrats (their responses are almost mirror opposites). And men generally fall into the “hard work“ camp more than women. The results highlight just how conflicted Americans are about
29、the rich. Most studies show that more than two-thirds of today“s millionaires made it themselves, rather than from inheritance. And clearly education and skills matter in making a fortune in the knowledge economy.（分数：12.50）(1).The new Pew Research poll tells us that _.（分数：2.50）A.the conflict between
30、 rich and poor becomes not so apparentB.more people believe there is a conflict between rich and poorC.there is no conflict between immigrants and native-born AmericansD.the cultural conflict between rich and immigrants is fierce as ever(2).What does the word “ eclipses “ (Line 1, Para. 3) mean?（分数：
31、2.50）A.To make something disappear gradually.B.To make something much more influential.C.To make something seem more obvious.D.To make something appear dull by comparison.(3).What do we know about Americans“ actual opinion about the rich?（分数：2.50）A.Their attitude has changed a lot since 2009.B.Their
32、 attitude remains almost the same as in 2009.C.They look down upon rich people.D.They think the rich get rich through hard work.(4).Why does the author think Americans“ opinions are still fairly negative?（分数：2.50）A.Because less Americans owe richness to personal effort.B.Because more Americans lose
33、their ambition to be rich.C.Because less young men want to become rich.D.Because more young men refuse to work hard.(5).What can we learn from the results of most studies?（分数：2.50）A.Most of the rich people made their fortune on their own.B.Most of today“s millionaires became rich through inheritance
34、.C.Education is not so important for people when making a fortune.D.The current economy does not value education very much.McDonald“s UniversityBritish universities can be depressing. The teachers moan about their pay and students worry they will end up frying burgersor jobless. Perhaps they should
35、try visiting McDonald“s University in London“s East Finchley. Students are often “rough and ready“, with poor qualifications and low self-esteem. But ambition-arousing pictures display the ladder of opportunity that leads from the grill (烤架) to the comer office (McDonald“s chief executives have alwa
36、ys started at the bottom). A map of the world shows the seven counterpart universities. Cabinets display trophies (奖杯) such as the Sunday Times award for being one of Britain“s best 25 employers. McDonald“s is one of Britain“s biggest trainers. It gets about one million applicants a year, accepting
37、only one in 15, and spends 40 million a year on training. The Finchley campus, opened by Margaret Thatcher in 1989, is one of the biggest training centres in Europe. It is part of a bigger system. An employees“ web-portal, Our Lounge, provides training as well as details about that day“s shifts, and
38、 allows employees to compete against each other in work-related video games. The focus is on practicalities. A retired policeman conducts a fast-paced class on conflict management. He shows a video of a woman driven angry by the fact that you cannot get chicken McNuggets at breakfast time. He asks t
39、he class if they have ever had a difficult customer, and every hand goes up. Students are then urged to share their advice. Self-esteem and self-management are included in the courses, too. A yearlong apprenticeship (学徒) programme emphasising English and maths leads to a nationally recognised qualif
40、ication. McDonald“s has paid for almost 100 people to get degrees from Manchester Metropolitan University. The company professes to be not confused by the fact that many graduates will end up working elsewhere. It needs to train people who might be managing a business with a 5m turnover (营业额) by the
41、ir mid-20s. It also needs to satisfy the company“s appetite for senior managers, one of whom will eventually control the entire global McDonald“s empire.（分数：12.50）(1).What does the author say about British universities?（分数：2.50）A.They are depressing and useless.B.They provide teachers with high sala
42、ries.C.Their students hate frying burgers a lot.D.Their students worry about their future jobs.(2).What do we know about the students of the Finchley campus?（分数：2.50）A.They are intelligent and ready to learn more.B.They have no self-esteem or qualifications.C.They are encouraged to make progress ste
43、p by step.D.They have won a lot of awards all over the world.(3).What do we know about the Finchley campus?（分数：2.50）A.It has more than one million applicants every year.B.It provides training and shift details on the website.C.It was established in 1899 by Margaret Thatcher.D.It allows employees to
44、play video games while working.(4).What can students learn or improve in McDonald“s University?（分数：2.50）A.Practicalities, management and self-esteem.B.Practicalities, self-esteem and self-value.C.Practicalities, self-confidence and self-management.D.Practicalities, self-management and self-esteem.(5
45、).What“s the purpose of McDonald“s high spending on training?（分数：2.50）A.To improve all its employees“ ability to manage.B.To train senior managers for the company.C.To attract more excellent graduates.D.To train managers for other companies.Is Dieting or Exercise Better for Losing Weight?Are you dil
46、igently exercising but seeing no results around your midsection (上腹部)? It“s not just you. Two new studies may explain why many people who begin exercise programs often lose little to no weight in the long run. In the first study, published in the online science journal PLoS One, researchers compared
47、 the daily energy consumption of Westerners and the Hadza, a population of hunter-gatherers living in northern Tanzania. Many believe modern Westerners burn fewer calories than in the past because their lives have become more sedentary (久坐的). The Hadza, who are generally very lean, hunt and look for
48、 food without modern tools such as vehicles or guns. Men walk about seven miles each day, while women walk about half that. What was surprising was that although the Hadza seem to be more active, the researchers found little difference in calories burned between the Hadza and the Westerners. The sec
49、ond study, published in Obesity Reviews , analyzed the effect of exercise interventions on body composition. The researchers found thatcontrary to popular beliefwhen people exercise but keep their energy intake constant, their resting metabolic (新陈代谢) rate actually goes down. Exercisers who ate more calories than they usually do did bum more fat than predicted, but some overate and negated the effects of their hard work. These studies suggest two things: exercise programs may not lead to as much calorie burn as you would think, and many people start eating more when they exercise,
