1、大学英语四级-255 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)How to Find Happiness without Buying It?Our materialistic (物质至上的) society has led us to believe that happiness cannot be 1 without having money. Rather than learning to be 2 with what we have, we are often taught to want more
2、. We 3 from advertising, and from the media, that we need to buy trinkets (小玩意) and toys in order to make ourselves happy, or to fulfill emotional needs, and that the purchases they are trying to talk us into will provide us with the psychological 4 we are looking for. 5 , as a society we have bough
3、t into these misguided messages and have come to believe that spending money on certain items will bring us fame, fortune, happiness, beauty, or popularity. As a result, we trade hours of our lives working, sacrificing time that could have been spent with our families, for the 6 of the almighty (万能的
4、) dollar. Actually, there are a number of ways to enjoy life without the need for a great deal of money. For example, spending time out 7 nature, being thankful for all that we already have or helping others. Certainly, it is important to work and earn enough to provide for our 8 needs and the needs
5、 of our families, but it is also 9 to recognize when the desire for personal possessions becomes over-consumption. There needs to be a balance between a satisfying work life and a rich home life, and the best way to achieve such a balance is to 10 the drive for material possessions does not become a
6、ll consuming. A. basic E. enjoying I. purchase M. Seemingly B. comfort F. ensure J. pursuit N. significant C. effort G. learn K. restrained O. Unfortunately D. excessive H. obtained L. satisfied（分数：25.00）Pulling an All-nighter Affects Your BodyThere“s been a lot of talk on Wall Street lately about t
7、he grueling (令人精疲力竭的) hours that junior staff, interns, and analysts, have to work in order to get ahead. Bank of America, Goldman Sachs, and J.P. Morgan have all announced that they“ll start encouraging their young employees to take more time off. It“s an effort to improve their 11 of life so they
8、don“t jump ship for other companies in and out of the financial space once they“ve been 12 . It could be 13 to make this new policy stick, because on Wall Street, the all-nighter (通宵；熬夜) is almost a rite of passage. Here“s how it worksYou“re on an important project, and your boss 14 there“s a mistak
9、e in the data, or the client pushes up a meeting, or you“re just 15 on a deadline. The project has to get done, so you“re not going home. 16 , spending the night deep in Excel instead of deep under your covers isn“t just killer for your social life, it also 17 your body. According to study in the US
10、 National Library of Medicine and National Institute of Health, lack of sleep affects your brain“s frontal lobes (大脑额叶), 18 down their communications. Meanwhile, scientists tested subjects for speed and 19 after an all-nighter. They found, because of their inability to concentrate, that subjects had
11、 to be fast or accurate. They were 20 to do both. In fact, the disadvantages of an all-nighter are far more than these. A. accuracy E. Fortunately I. Obviously M. Suddenly B. crashing F. hard J. quality N. trained C. capable G. hurts K. realizes O. unable D. feasible H. majority L. slowing（分数：25.00）
12、Gender and BrainMen and women do not think in the same ways. Few would disagree with that. Men have better motor and spacial abilities than women, and more monomaniacal (偏执狂的) 21 of thought. Women have better memories, are more 22 , and are better at dealing with several things at once. According to
13、 the traditional idea, in the days of hunting and gathering, men spent more time 23 away from camp, their brains needed to be adapted to find their way around. They also spent more time tracking, fighting and killing things. Women by contrast, 24 up the children, so their brains needed to be adapted
14、 to enable them to manipulate each other“s and their children“s emotions to succeed in their world. According to the study of Ragini Verma from the University of Pennsylvania, the left and right sides of the brain are believed to be specialised for logical and intuitive (直觉的) thought 25 . In her vie
15、w, the cross-talk between them in women helps explain their better memories, sociability and 26 to multitask, all of which benefit from the hemispheres (半球) 27 . In men, by contrast, within-hemisphere links let them focus on things that do not need 28 inputs from both hemispheres. Dr. Verma“s other
16、main finding is that most of these 29 are not inborn. Rather, they develop with age. Gender differences in brainsthose 30 to this technique, at leastthus manifest themselves mainly when gender itself begins to matter. A. ability E. complex I. exceedingly M. sociable B. annual F. cooperating J. patte
17、rns N. visible C. assembly G. differences K. raised O. wandering D. brought H. educated L. respectively（分数：25.00）What Should You Eat When You Catch a Cold?People catch a cold tend to cough and feel sleepy. All these symptoms are 31 to make a cold sufferer“s appetite disappear completely. Studies sho
18、w that certain foods can help relieve the symptoms of a common cold and sometimes shorten its 32 . One expert, Sharon Bergquist, assistant professor at School of Medicine, Emory University 33 her take on what to eat and what to avoid. “The most 34 misunderstanding about a cold,“ says Dr. Bergquist,
19、“is that dairy should be avoided because it increases mucus (粘液) production.“ Australian scientists disproved that 35 in a series of 1990s studies where they gave hundreds of common-cold patients either cow“s milk or soy milk, and 36 no difference in mucus production between the two groups. People n
20、eed to drink a lot when they are sick. “So if your 37 is a latt, it is okay. Just make sure the latt is decaf (脱因咖啡), since any diuretic (利尿剂), such as caffeine, which makes you lose 38 water in your body, can usually worsens a cold.“ says Dr. Bergquist. She 39 alcohol, also a diuretic, in a “mixed“
21、 category. “A little alcohol can help relieve the pain, hence the hot brandy cures,“ she says. “But while liquor may 40 make you feel better, it, too, can cause dehydration (脱水).“ A. assumption E. few I. exactly M. refined B. choice F. duration J. lately N. system C. common G. enough K. offers O. te
22、mporarily D. considerable H. found L. puts（分数：25.00）大学英语四级-255 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)How to Find Happiness without Buying It?Our materialistic (物质至上的) society has led us to believe that happiness cannot be 1 without having money. Rather than learning to be 2
23、with what we have, we are often taught to want more. We 3 from advertising, and from the media, that we need to buy trinkets (小玩意) and toys in order to make ourselves happy, or to fulfill emotional needs, and that the purchases they are trying to talk us into will provide us with the psychological 4
24、 we are looking for. 5 , as a society we have bought into these misguided messages and have come to believe that spending money on certain items will bring us fame, fortune, happiness, beauty, or popularity. As a result, we trade hours of our lives working, sacrificing time that could have been spen
25、t with our families, for the 6 of the almighty (万能的) dollar. Actually, there are a number of ways to enjoy life without the need for a great deal of money. For example, spending time out 7 nature, being thankful for all that we already have or helping others. Certainly, it is important to work and e
26、arn enough to provide for our 8 needs and the needs of our families, but it is also 9 to recognize when the desire for personal possessions becomes over-consumption. There needs to be a balance between a satisfying work life and a rich home life, and the best way to achieve such a balance is to 10 t
27、he drive for material possessions does not become all consuming. A. basic E. enjoying I. purchase M. Seemingly B. comfort F. ensure J. pursuit N. significant C. effort G. learn K. restrained O. Unfortunately D. excessive H. obtained L. satisfied（分数：25.00）解析：H解析 动词辨义题。空格位于 that 引导的宾语从句中，该从句中缺少谓语动词，且此
28、处空格位于 cannot be 之后，由此可以判断此处需要填入一个动词的过去分词形式，表被动含义。备选词汇中，restrained 意为“抑制，约束”，satisfied 作动词时意为“使满足，满意”，两者均不符合此处语境，故排除。obtained 意为“获得”，happiness cannot be obtained without having money 意为“没有钱就不能获得快乐”，语义通顺，故选 H。解析：L解析 形容词辨义题。根据空格前的 be 和空格后的介词短语 with what we have 可以推断，此处需要填入一个形容词，且其表达的含义须与后半句中的 are often
29、 taught to want more 这种不良的状态相反。备选词汇中只有 satisfied“满意的”符合此处语境，故选 L。解析：G解析 动词辨义题。空格所在的分句缺少谓语动词，主语为 We，且全文使用一般现在时，由此可以判断此处需要填入一个动词的一般现在时形式，与其后的介词 from 搭配使用。备选词汇中只有learn“学习；得知”符合语境，故选 G。解析：B解析 名词辨义题。空格位于 provide sb. with sth.这一结构中，由此可以判断此处需要填入一个能被 psychological“心理的，精神的”修饰的名词，其后置定语为 we are looking for。备选词
30、汇中能够与 look for 搭配使用的名词只有 comfort“舒适；安慰”，故选 B。解析：O解析 副词辨义题。空格单独位于句首，且所在句子的结构完整，由此可以判断此处需要填入一个形容词或副词，用作插入语。空格后面的内容提到，我们整个社会都相信了这些误导信息。显然，空格所在的句子陈述的是一种消极的客观事实，备选词汇中 Unfortunately 意为“不幸的是”，符合此处语境，故选 O。解析：J解析 名词辨义题。根据空格前的定冠词 the 和空格后的 of 所有格可以判断，此处需要填入一个名词。备选词汇中只有 pursuit“追求，寻求”符合此处语境，故选 J。the pursuit of
31、 the almighty dollar 意为“追求万能的金钱”。解析：E解析 动词辨义题。根据空格前的 spending time out 和空格后的名词 nature 可以判断，此处空格位于 spend time doing sth.这一结构中，因而此处需要填入一个动词的现在分词形式。备选词汇中只有 enjoying“享受”符合此处语境，故选 E。解析：A解析 形容词辨义题。空格所在的分句结构完整，再由空格前的物主代词 our 和空格后的名词needs 可以判断，此处需要填入一个可以修饰 needs 的形容词。从上下文来看，全文并不鼓励人们通过尽可能多地挣钱来购物以获得快乐，由此推知此处要
32、表达的是，我们工作和挣足够多的钱的目的应该是满足我们“基本的需求”，而非其他。basic“基本的”符合此处语境，故选 A。解析：N解析 形容词辨义题。空格所在的分句缺少表语，再由前面分句中提到的 it is important 和此处空格前的 it is also 可以判断，此处需要填入一个形容词，且意义与 important 相近或相同。备选词汇中只有 significant“重要的”符合此处语境，故选 N。解析：F解析 动词辨义题。空格位于不定式结构中，在该分句中作表语。由此可以判断此处需要填入一个动词原形。备选词汇中只有 ensure“确保”符合此处语境，故选 F。ensure the
33、drive for material possessions does not become all consuming 意为“确保对物质财富的追求不要成为纯粹的消费”。Pulling an All-nighter Affects Your BodyThere“s been a lot of talk on Wall Street lately about the grueling (令人精疲力竭的) hours that junior staff, interns, and analysts, have to work in order to get ahead. Bank of Ameri
34、ca, Goldman Sachs, and J.P. Morgan have all announced that they“ll start encouraging their young employees to take more time off. It“s an effort to improve their 11 of life so they don“t jump ship for other companies in and out of the financial space once they“ve been 12 . It could be 13 to make thi
35、s new policy stick, because on Wall Street, the all-nighter (通宵；熬夜) is almost a rite of passage. Here“s how it worksYou“re on an important project, and your boss 14 there“s a mistake in the data, or the client pushes up a meeting, or you“re just 15 on a deadline. The project has to get done, so you“
36、re not going home. 16 , spending the night deep in Excel instead of deep under your covers isn“t just killer for your social life, it also 17 your body. According to study in the US National Library of Medicine and National Institute of Health, lack of sleep affects your brain“s frontal lobes (大脑额叶)
37、, 18 down their communications. Meanwhile, scientists tested subjects for speed and 19 after an all-nighter. They found, because of their inability to concentrate, that subjects had to be fast or accurate. They were 20 to do both. In fact, the disadvantages of an all-nighter are far more than these.
38、 A. accuracy E. Fortunately I. Obviously M. Suddenly B. crashing F. hard J. quality N. trained C. capable G. hurts K. realizes O. unable D. feasible H. majority L. slowing（分数：25.00）解析：J解析 名词辨义题。根据空格前的物主代词 their 和空格后的介词 of 可以判断，此处需要填入一个名词，且意义上可与其后的 of life 搭配。三个备选项中只有 quality“质量”符合此处语境，故选J。improve th
39、eir quality of life 意为“改善他们的生活质量”。解析：N解析 动词辨义题。根据空格前的 once they“ve been 可以判断，此处需要填入一个动词的过去分词形式，表被动含义。备选词汇中只有 trained“培训”符合此处语境。故选 N。解析：F解析 形容词辨义题。根据空格前的 It could be 和空格后的 to 可以判断，此处需要填入一个形容词。空格所在句子的后半句中提到通宵工作在华尔街几乎是必经之路，由此可以推知前半句中应该是说鼓励员工多休假这项政策实行起来很困难。备选词汇中只有 hard“困难的”符合此处语境。unable“不能的”在意义上虽然符合此处语境
40、，但是它的主语通常只能是人，因而排除。故选 F。解析：K解析 动词辨义题。空格所在的整个句子由几个结构完整的并列分句组成，根据空格前的 your boss 和空格后的 there“s a mistake in the data 可以判断，此处需要填入一个谓语动词。再由整个句子的时态为一般现在时和后面的宾语从句可知，此处需要填入一个及物动词的第三人称单数形式。备选词汇中只有 realizes“意识到”符合语境。故选 K。解析：B解析 动词辨义题。根据空格前的 you“re just 和空格后的 on a deadline 可以判断，此处需要填入一个动词的现在分词形式。备选词汇中只有 crashi
41、ng“碰撞”符合此处语境。crash on a deadline意为“撞上截止日期”。故选 B。解析：I解析 副词辨义题。空格单独位于句首，由此可以判断此处需要填入一个可以单独使用的形容词或者副词作插入语。从语义上看，空格后面的分句提到，整夜不睡觉而埋头处理 Excel 表格会抹杀你的社交生活。该句描述的是一种长期存在的客观事实，而且也不值得为之感到庆幸，故排除备选词汇中的Suddenly“突然地”和 Fortunately“幸运地”，只有 Obviously“显然地”符合此处语境。故选 I。解析：G解析 动词辨义题。整个句子的时态采用的是一般现在时，再根据空格前的 it also 和空格后的
42、your body 可以判断，此处需要填入一个动词的第三人称单数形式，充当该分句的谓语。再由空格前的also 可知，空格所在的分句和其前面的分句一样，都是在讲述通宵工作而不休息的坏处。故此处填入的单词须表示消极意义，备选词汇中只有 hurts“伤害”符合此处语境。故选 G。解析：L解析 动词辨义题。根据空格前的逗号和空格后的 down their communications 可以判断，此处需要填入一个动词的现在分词形式，所在分句在整个句子中起伴随状语的作用。备选词汇中只有slowing“(使)变慢”符合此处语境，故选 L。slow down 为常用搭配，意为“放慢速度，减速”。解析：A解析
43、名词辨义题。根据空格前的 for speed and 和空格后的 after an all-nighter 可以判断，此处需要填入一个可以和 speed 并列使用的名词。备选词汇中只有 accuracy“准确(性)”符合此处语境。故选 A。解析：O解析 形容词辨义题。根据空格前的 They were 和空格后的 to do 可以判断，此处需要填入一个形容词。而前文中提到，科学家们发现，由于受试者不能集中精力，他们的反应要么快速，要么准确。此句承接前文，可以推知，该句要表达的是受试者不能同时做到快速和准确。unable“不能的”符合此处语境。故选 O。Gender and BrainMen an
44、d women do not think in the same ways. Few would disagree with that. Men have better motor and spacial abilities than women, and more monomaniacal (偏执狂的) 21 of thought. Women have better memories, are more 22 , and are better at dealing with several things at once. According to the traditional idea,
45、 in the days of hunting and gathering, men spent more time 23 away from camp, their brains needed to be adapted to find their way around. They also spent more time tracking, fighting and killing things. Women by contrast, 24 up the children, so their brains needed to be adapted to enable them to man
46、ipulate each other“s and their children“s emotions to succeed in their world. According to the study of Ragini Verma from the University of Pennsylvania, the left and right sides of the brain are believed to be specialised for logical and intuitive (直觉的) thought 25 . In her view, the cross-talk betw
47、een them in women helps explain their better memories, sociability and 26 to multitask, all of which benefit from the hemispheres (半球) 27 . In men, by contrast, within-hemisphere links let them focus on things that do not need 28 inputs from both hemispheres. Dr. Verma“s other main finding is that m
48、ost of these 29 are not inborn. Rather, they develop with age. Gender differences in brainsthose 30 to this technique, at leastthus manifest themselves mainly when gender itself begins to matter. A. ability E. complex I. exceedingly M. sociable B. annual F. cooperating J. patterns N. visible C. asse
49、mbly G. differences K. raised O. wandering D. brought H. educated L. respectively（分数：25.00）解析：J解析 名词辨义题。根据空格前的 more monomaniacal 和空格后的 of thought 可以判断，此处需要填入一个名词。备选词汇中只有 patterns“方式”符合此处语境，故选 J。patterns of thought 意为“思维方式”。解析：M解析 形容词辨义题。根据空格前的 are more 和空格前后分句中均提到的 better 可以判断，此处需要填入一个形容词，且表达的是一个积极而具体的含义。第三段第二句中也提到了此处空格所在句子中涉及的女性的大脑优势：better memories, sociability.。不难推知备选词汇中只有 sociable“善于交际的”最符合此处语境，故选 M。解析：O解析 动词辨义题。根据空格前的 spent more time 和空格后的 away from camp 可以判断，此处需要填入一个动词的现在分词形式。备选词汇中只有 wandering“游荡”符合此处语境，故选 O。解析：D解析 动词辨义题。根据空格后的介词 up
