1、大学英语四级-214 及答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)1.儒家思想儒家思想(Confucianism)是中国古代最大的思想流派,也是中国古代的主流意识。自汉代以来,儒家思想就是封建统治阶级(feudal ruling class)的指导思想之一。儒家思想的核心其实是一种人道主义(humanism)。它提倡自我修养,认为人是可教化的、可完善的。儒家思想的一个宏大的目标就是实现“大同社会”,在这样的一个社会中,每个人都能扮演好自己的角色,并与他人维持良好的关系。 (分数:20.00)_2.孔子孔子(Confucius)是我国古代著名的思想家、教育家,儒家学派(Confucia
2、n school)的创始人。相传孔子有弟子三千,贤弟子 72 人,孔子曾带领部分弟子周游列国 14 年。在中国五千年的历史上,对华夏民族的性格、气质(temperament)产生最大影响的人或许就是孔子了。他正直、乐观向上、积极进取。他一生都在追求真、善、美,一生都在追求理想的社会。他品格中的优点,几千年来影响着中国人,特别是影响着中国的知识分子。 (分数:20.00)_3.北京北京是中华人民共和国的首都,也是全国的政治和文化中心。大约 70 万年前,北京人(Peking Man)出现在北京西南 48 公里的周口店地区。十世纪初期,北京成为辽代(the Liao Dynasty)的第二个都城。
3、从那时起,北京先后成为金、元、明和清四朝的首都,直至 1911 年。1949 年 10 月 1 日,毛主席在北京向全世界宣布了中华人民共和国的成立。北京人口超过两千万,大约一千万人住在城里,其他人住在郊区。 (分数:20.00)_4.延迟退休不同的人对延迟退休(delaying retirement)持不同的态度。一些人虽然认为退休可以让他们好好享受晚年的生活,但他们真的退休了,也会感到有些失望。他们觉得自己像是被抛到“废物堆”里的“废物”。他们不甘认命,所以这些人支持延迟退休。另一些人觉得他们一生为工作操劳,现在筋疲力尽了,渴望能够早点退休好放松拉紧的弦,好好休息。 (分数:20.00)_5
4、.“光盘”行动“光盘(Clear your plate)”行动是一个提倡节约粮食的公益活动。提出该活动的志愿者们建议人们外出就餐时吃光食物或者把剩饭剩菜打包带回家,从而形成一种勤俭节约(diligence and thrifty)的社会好风气。如今,随着社会经济的快速发展,人们对节约粮食的号召通常不屑一顾。而“光盘”行动显然是在提醒人们:节约粮食仍是需要被奉行的一种美德。“光盘”行动取得了良好的开端,但关键还要持之以恒。(分数:20.00)_大学英语四级-214 答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)1.儒家思想儒家思想(Confucianism)是中国古代最大的思想流派,也是中
5、国古代的主流意识。自汉代以来,儒家思想就是封建统治阶级(feudal ruling class)的指导思想之一。儒家思想的核心其实是一种人道主义(humanism)。它提倡自我修养,认为人是可教化的、可完善的。儒家思想的一个宏大的目标就是实现“大同社会”,在这样的一个社会中,每个人都能扮演好自己的角色,并与他人维持良好的关系。 (分数:20.00)_正确答案:()解析:ConfucianismConfucianism is the largest Chinese school of thoughts, and the mainstream consciousness of the ancien
6、t China. Confucianism had been one of the ruling doctrines of the feudal ruling class since the Han Dynasty. The core of Confucianism is actually a kind of humanism. It advocates self-cultivation, and believes that human beings are teachable and improvable. A grand goal of Confucianism is to achieve
7、 a harmonious society in which each individual plays his or her part well, and maintains a good relationship with others.2.孔子孔子(Confucius)是我国古代著名的思想家、教育家,儒家学派(Confucian school)的创始人。相传孔子有弟子三千,贤弟子 72 人,孔子曾带领部分弟子周游列国 14 年。在中国五千年的历史上,对华夏民族的性格、气质(temperament)产生最大影响的人或许就是孔子了。他正直、乐观向上、积极进取。他一生都在追求真、善、美,一生都
8、在追求理想的社会。他品格中的优点,几千年来影响着中国人,特别是影响着中国的知识分子。 (分数:20.00)_正确答案:()解析:ConfuciusConfucius is a famous ideologist, educator, and the founder of Confucian School in ancient China. It“s said he has 3,000 disciples, 72 out of whom are excellent ones, and he has led some disciples to visit various states for 14
9、 years. During 5,000 years“ history of China, it“s Confucius who may have exerted the greatest impact on Chinese nation“s characteristic and temperament. He is upright, optimistic, active and enterprising, striving for truth, goodness and beauty, and seeking for an ideal society all his life. The sh
10、ining points in his characteristics have been influencing the Chinese people, especially the Chinese intellectuals for thousands of years.3.北京北京是中华人民共和国的首都,也是全国的政治和文化中心。大约 70 万年前,北京人(Peking Man)出现在北京西南 48 公里的周口店地区。十世纪初期,北京成为辽代(the Liao Dynasty)的第二个都城。从那时起,北京先后成为金、元、明和清四朝的首都,直至 1911 年。1949 年 10 月 1 日
11、,毛主席在北京向全世界宣布了中华人民共和国的成立。北京人口超过两千万,大约一千万人住在城里,其他人住在郊区。 (分数:20.00)_正确答案:()解析:BeijingBeijing, the capital of the People“s Republic of China, is the nation“s political and cultural center. Some 700,000 years ago, Peking man appeared at Zhoukoudian, 48 kilometres southwest of Beijing. At the beginning o
12、f the 10th century, it became the second capital of the Liao Dynasty. From then on, Beijing had been the capital of the Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties until 1911. On October 1st, 1949, Chairman Mao proclaimed to the whole world the founding of the People“s Republic of China in Beijing. Beijing h
13、as a population of over 20 million, among which about 10 million live in the city proper and the rest on the suburbs.4.延迟退休不同的人对延迟退休(delaying retirement)持不同的态度。一些人虽然认为退休可以让他们好好享受晚年的生活,但他们真的退休了,也会感到有些失望。他们觉得自己像是被抛到“废物堆”里的“废物”。他们不甘认命,所以这些人支持延迟退休。另一些人觉得他们一生为工作操劳,现在筋疲力尽了,渴望能够早点退休好放松拉紧的弦,好好休息。 (分数:20.00)
14、_正确答案:()解析:Delaying RetirementAttitudes towards delaying retirement vary from person to person. Although some people believe that retirement allows them to fully enjoy their twilight years, they may still feel somewhat disappointed once they do retire. They see themselves as “waste“ dumped on the sc
15、rap heap. Since they are not resigned to this situation, they support increasing the retirement age. Others long for early retirement so as to wind down and relax because they think that they are tired out after working hard all their life.5.“光盘”行动“光盘(Clear your plate)”行动是一个提倡节约粮食的公益活动。提出该活动的志愿者们建议人
16、们外出就餐时吃光食物或者把剩饭剩菜打包带回家,从而形成一种勤俭节约(diligence and thrifty)的社会好风气。如今,随着社会经济的快速发展,人们对节约粮食的号召通常不屑一顾。而“光盘”行动显然是在提醒人们:节约粮食仍是需要被奉行的一种美德。“光盘”行动取得了良好的开端,但关键还要持之以恒。(分数:20.00)_正确答案:()解析:“Clear your plate“ Campaign“Clear your plate“ campaign is a public welfare activity called for saving food. The volunteers who
17、 put forward the activity advise people to eat up all the dishes or take the leftovers home while going out for dinners, so as to cultivate the good social morality of diligence and thrifty. Nowadays, with the fast development of social economy, people even do not spare a glance for the call of saving food, while the “clear your plate“ campaign is definitely reminding people that saving food is still a virtue which people need to pursue. “Clear your plate“ campaign goes well at the beginning; however, the most important point lies in perseverance.