1、大学英语四级-196 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：100.00)When we talk about Americans barely into adulthood who are saddled with unbearable levels of debt, the conversation is almost always about student loan debt. But there“s a growing body of evidence suggesting that today“s yo
2、ung adults are also drowning in creditcard debtand that many of them will take this debt to their graves. More than 20% overspent their income by more than $100 every single month. Since they haven“t built up their credit histories yet, it“s a safe bet that these young adults are paying relatively h
3、igh interest rates on the resulting credit card debt. Although many young people blame “socializing“ as a barrier to saving money, most of them aren“t knocking back $20 drinks in trendy (时尚的) lounges. They“re struggling with much more daily financial demands. To a disturbingly large extent, the youn
4、g and the broke are relying on credit cards to make it until their next payday. This obviously isn“t sustainable in the long run, and it“s going to put a huge drag on their spending power even after they reach their peak earning years, because they“ll still be paying interest on that bottle of orang
5、e juice or box of spaghetti (意式面条) they bought a decade earlier. A new study out of Ohio State University found that young adults are accumulating credit card debt at a more rapid rate than other age groups, and that they“re slower at paying it off. “If what we found continues to hold true, we may h
6、ave more elderly people with substantial financial problems in the future,“ warns Lucia Dunn, professor of economics at Ohio State. “If Our findings persist, we may be faced with a financial crisis among elderly people who can“t pay off their credit cards.“ Dunn says a lot of these young people are
7、never going to get out from under their credit card debt. “Many people are borrowing on credit cards so heavily that payoff rates at these levels are not sufficient to recover their credit card debt by the end of their life. Which could have loss implications for the credit card issuing banks.“（分数：2
8、0.00）(1).What is the main idea of the first paragraph?（分数：4.00）A.Many young Americans will never be able to pay off their debts.B.Credit cards play an increasingly important role in college life.C.Credit cards are doing more harm than student loans.D.The American credit card system is under criticis
9、m.(2).Why do young people have to pay a higher interest on their credit card debt?（分数：4.00）A.They tend to forget about the deadlines.B.They haven“t developed a credit history.C.They are often unable to pay back in time.D.They are inexperienced in managing money.(3).What is said to be the consequence
10、 of young adults relying on credit cards to make ends meet?（分数：4.00）A.It will place an unnecessary burden on society.B.It will give them no motivation to work hard.C.It will exert psychological pressure on them.D.It will affect their future spending power.(4).What will happen to young adults if thei
11、r credit card debt keeps accumulating according to Lucia Dunn?（分数：4.00）A.They will have to pay all increasingly higher interest rate.B.They may experience a financial crisis in their old age.C.Their quality of life will be affected.D.Their credit cards may be cancelled.(5).What does Lucia Dunn think
12、 might be a risk for the credit card issuing banks?（分数：4.00）A.They go bankrupt as a result of over-lending.B.They lose large numbers of their regular clients.C.Their clients leave their debts unpaid upon death.D.Their interest rates have to be reduced now and then.A new study shows a large gender ga
13、p on economic policy among the nation“s professional economists, a divide similar to the gender divide found in the general public. “As a group, we are pro-market.“ says Ann Mari May. co-author of the study and a University of Nebraska economist. “But women are more likely to accept government regul
14、ation and involvement in economic activity than our male colleagues.“ “It“s very puzzling,“ says free market economist Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. “Not a day goes by that I don“t ask myself why there are so few women economists on the free market side.“ A nat
15、ive of France, deRugy supported government intervention (干预) early in her life but changed her mind after studying economics. “We want many of the same things as liberals-less poverty, more health care-but have radically different ideas on how to achieve it.“ Liberal economist Dean Baker, co-founder
16、 of the Center for Economic Policy and Research, says male economists have been on the inside of the profession, confirming each other“s anti-regulation views. Women, as outsiders, “are more likely to think independently or at least see people outside of the economics profession as forming their pee
17、r group,“ he says. The gender balance in economics is changing. One-third of economics doctorates (博士学位) now go to women. “More diversity is needed at the table when public policy is discussed,“ May says. Economists do agree on some things. Female economists agree with men that Europe has too much r
18、egulation and that Wal-mart is good for society. Male economists agree with their female colleagues that military spending is too high. The genders are most divorced from each other on the question of equality for women. Male economists overwhelmingly think the wage gap between men and women is larg
19、ely the result of individuals“ skills, experience and voluntary choices. Female economists overwhelmingly disagree by a margin of 4-to-1. The biggest disagreement: 76% of women say faculty opportunities in economics favor men. Male economists point the opposite way: 80% say women are favored or the
20、process is neutral.（分数：20.00）(1).What is the finding of the new study?（分数：4.00）A.The gender divide is a big concern of the general public.B.Men and women understand economics quite differently.C.The gap between male and female economists needs to be closed.D.Male and female economists disagree widel
21、y on economic policy.(2).What does Ann Mari May say about female economists?（分数：4.00）A.They are strongly against male domination in the economics profession.B.They tend to support government intervention in economic activity.C.They usually play an active role in public policy-making.D.They are mostl
22、y strong advocates of free market economy.(3).What do we learn about economist Veronique de Rugy?（分数：4.00）A.She represents most female economists“ standpoint.B.She devotes herself to eliminating women“s poverty.C.Her study of economics changed her view on government“s role in economic activities.D.H
23、er academic background helped her get into the inner circle of the economics profession.(4).What does Ann Mari May imply about public policy-making?（分数：4.00）A.More female economists should get involved.B.It should do justice to female economists“ studies.C.More attention should be paid to women“s ri
24、ghts.D.It should aim at sustainable development.(5).On what issue do male and female economists differ most?（分数：4.00）A.Government regulation.B.Job creation.C.Military spending.D.Gender equality.The number of postgraduate students travelling from non-EU countries to study at UK universities has falle
25、n for the first time in 16 years, fuelling fears that the government“s immigration crackdown is discouraging thousands of the brightest students from continuing their studies in Britain. JoBeall, British Council director of education and society, said the fall would cause alarm among UK vice-chancel
26、lors (大学行政主管理). “The sector was expecting a decline in growth, but the actual reduction in postgraduate numbers is of real concern as international students make up the majority of numbers in many postgraduate courses and research teams in science, technology, engineering and mathematics.“ “Attracti
27、ng the brightest and most ambitious postgraduate and research students is critical if the UK is to maintain its quality reputation for research,“ Beall said. Universities get a third of their tuition (学费) fee revenue from non-EU students. There is growing fear among vice-chancellors that this revenu
28、e-as well as the cultural, academic and economic benefit international students bring-is being put at risk. Tim Westlake, director for the student experience at Manchester University, said students whose families relied on them working in the UK after their studies to gain experience and repay the f
29、ees were starting to look elsewhere. Last month the home secretary, Theresa May, announced that embassy staff would interview more than 100 000 applicants in an attempt to prevent bogus (假冒的) ones entering the country. She also said immigrants were responsible for pushing up UK house prices. The com
30、ments followed the introduction of new limitations on students“ right to work during and after their studies. Beall said: “Government statistics for the first time provide real evidence that the changes to UK visa regulations may have discouraged many students from applying to the UK. and in particu
31、lar postgraduate students who are so important to the UK“s research output. The UK enjoys an excellent reputation around the world for the high quality of our education system, so the government needs to ensure that institutions have all the support they need to attract international students who ma
32、ke a tremendous academic, cultural and economic contribution to the UK.“（分数：20.00）(1).What has caused the decline of the number of non-EU postgraduates in the UK?（分数：4.00）A.The increase in tuition and fees.B.The ever-rising living expenses.C.Changed immigration policies.D.Universities“ tightened bud
33、gets.(2).What is UK vice-chancellors“ biggest concern?（分数：4.00）A.How to obtain financial support from the government.B.How to keep the academic reputation of their institutions.C.How to prevent bogus applicants entering their universities.D.How to stimulate the creativity of their research teams.(3)
34、.Why do UK universities try to attract postgraduate students from outside the EU?（分数：4.00）A.A substantial part of their revenue comes from non-EU students“ tuition and fees.B.Non-EU postgraduate students are usually highly motivated.C.The number of UK postgraduate students has fallen sharply.D.Some
35、of the postgraduate programmers are specially designed for non-EU students.(4).What were the expectations of some non-EU students“ families?（分数：4.00）A.Their children could enjoy the UK“s cultural benefits.B.Their children could find well-paying jobs upon their return.C.Their children could become es
36、tablished academically.D.Their children could work in the UK after graduation.(5).What doesBeall suggest the UK government should do?（分数：4.00）A.Allow promising international students to work in research teams.B.Revise UK visa regulations to accommodate non-EU students.C.Give universities adequate su
37、pport to attract non-EU students.D.Try to address the needs of international students in the UK.In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment
38、 and our perception of the food in front of US. Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and cons
39、umption. A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people“s hunger levels were predicted not by how much they“d eaten but rather by how much food they“d seen in front of themin other words, bow much they remembered eating. This dis
40、parity (差异) suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol. “Hunger isn“t controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a rece
41、nt meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal.“ Brunstrom says. “This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought.“ These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body“s respo
42、nse to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie (卡路里) milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones (荷尔蒙), depending on whether the shake“s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants
43、reported feeling more full when they thought they“d consumed a higher-calorie shake. What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking
44、while eating. The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.（分数：20.00）(1).What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake?（分数：4.00）A.How we perceive the food we eat.B.What ingredients the food contains.C.When we eat
45、 our meals.D.How fast we eat our meals.(2).What would happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot in the previous meal?（分数：4.00）A.You would probably be more picky about food.B.You would not feel like eating the same food.C.You would have a good appetite.D.You would not feel so hungry.(3).What
46、 do we learn from the 2011 study?（分数：4.00）A.Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases.B.Food labels may influence our body“s response to food.C.Hunger levels depend on one“s consumption of calories.D.People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary.(4).What does Brunstrom suggest
47、 we do to control our appetite?（分数：4.00）A.Trick ourselves into eating less.B.Choose food with fewer calories.C.Concentrate on food while eating.D.Pick dishes of the right size.(5).What is the main idea of the passage?（分数：4.00）A.Eating distractions often affect our food digestion.B.Psychological fact
48、ors influence our hunger levels.C.Our food intake is determined by our biological needs.D.Good eating habits will contribute to our health.As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education, so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population. Ideally,
49、 both high schools and colleges can prepare individuals for the ever-changing roles that are likely to be expected of them. High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might, or than many other nations currently offer, creating a growing skills gap in our economy. We encourage students to go on to college whether they are prepared or not, or have a clear sense of purpose or interest, and now have the highest college dropout rate in the world. We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better training, as well as the developm
