1、大学英语四级-130 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：100.00)According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, today“s traditional-age college freshmen are “more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的)“ than at any time in the 17 years of the poll. N
2、ot surprising in these hard times, the student“s major objective “is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.“ It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting. Interest in teaching, social servi
3、ce and the “altruistic“ fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up. That“s no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first yea
4、r on the Jobeven before she completed her two-year associate degree. While it“s true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other co
5、ntributionsbe they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs. Weekly we read of unions who went on
6、 strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business. No company; no job. How shortsighted in the long run! But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows
7、 a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机): “Miss Baxter,“ he says, “could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?“ From the long-term point of view, that“s what education really ought to be abo
8、ut.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the author“s observation, college students _.（分数：4.00）A.have never been so materialistic as todayB.have never been so interested in the artsC.have never been so financially well off as todayD.have never attached so much importance to moral sense(2).The students“ criteri
9、a for selecting majors today have much to do with _.（分数：4.00）A.the influences of their instructorsB.the financial goals they seek in lifeC.their own interpretations of the coursesD.their understanding of the contributions of others(3).By saying “While it“s true that. be they scientific or artistic“
10、(Lines 1-3, Para. 5), the author means that _.（分数：4.00）A.business management should be included in educational programsB.human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speedC.human intellectual development has reached new heightsD.the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked
11、(4).Studying the diverse wisdom of others can _.（分数：4.00）A.create varying artistic interestsB.help people see things in their right perspectiveC.help improve connections among peopleD.regulate the behavior of modern people(5).Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?（分数：4.0
12、0）A.Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.B.Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.C.People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.D.Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.In order to host the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal t
13、o the IOC. After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes. If no city is successful in gaining a majority in the first vote, the city with the fewest votes is eliminated, and voting continues with successive rounds until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded severa
14、l years in advance, allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the site of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, chief among them which city has, or promises to build, the best facilities, and which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Ga
15、mes effectively. The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. For instance, Tokyo, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Mexico City, the host of the 1968 Summer Games, were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia and in Latin America. Because of
16、the growing importance of television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the host city“s time zone. Whenever the Games take place in the United States or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay significantly higher amounts for television rights
17、 because they can broadcast popular events live in prime viewing hours. Once the Games have been awarded, it is the responsibility of the local organizing committeenot the IOC or the NOC of the host city“s countryto finance them. This is often done with a portion of the Olympic television revenues a
18、nd with corporate sponsorships, ticket sales, and other smaller revenue sources, such as commemorative postage stamps or proceeds from a national lottery. In many cases there is also direct government support. Although many cities have achieved a financial profit by hosting the Games, the Olympics c
19、an be financially risky. When the proceeds from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.（分数：20.00）(1).During voting, the city _ will win host of Olympics.（分数：4.00）A.getting most votes in the first voteB.getting more than half votesC.being supported by a major cityD.goin
20、g around successfully(2).In selecting the host city, the IOC will consider several factors EXCEPT _.（分数：4.00）A.the time zone of the host cityB.the existing facilities of the host cityC.whether the area has hosted the GamesD.whether profit could be made by the host city(3).According to the passage, o
21、ne of the reasons for Tokyo to be the host of Olympics in 1964 may be _.（分数：4.00）A.it“s a major city of JapanB.it“s a famous cityC.it“s a city in AsiaD.it“s nice and cool in summer(4).Every Olympic Games is financed by _.（分数：4.00）A.the local government and the financial organizationsB.the local gove
22、rnment and the organizing committeeC.the IOC and the National Olympic CommitteeD.the local companies and the local media(5).The word “proceeds“ in the last sentence most probably means “_“.（分数：4.00）A.sponsorshipB.reputationC.financial supportD.financial profitIf you“re finding it tough to land a job
23、, try expanding your job-hunting plan to include the following strategies: Set your target. While you should always keep your options open to compromise, you should also be sure to target exactly what you want in a job. A specific job hunt will be more efficient than a random one. Schedule abundant
24、interviews. Use every possible method to get interviewsanswering ads, using search firms, contacting companies directly, surfing the Web, and networking. Even if a job is not perfect for you, every interview can make you learn from it. Follow up. Even if someone does not hire you, write them a thank
25、-you note for the interview. Then, some weeks later, send another brief letter to explain that you still have not found the perfect position and that you will be available to interview again if the original position you applied foror any other position, for that matteris open. Do this with every pos
26、ition you interview for, and you may just catch a break. Make it your full-time job. You can“t find a job by looking infrequently. You have to make time for it. If you“re unemployed and looking for a job, devote as much time as you would to a full-time job. If you have a job while you“re looking, fi
27、gure out an organized schedule to maximize your searching time. Network vertically (纵向地). In the research phase of your job hunt, talk to people who are on a level above you In your desired industry. They“ll have some insights that people at your own level won“t have, and will be in a good position
28、to hire you or recommend you to be hired. Keep your spirits up. Looking for a job is one of the toughest things you will ever have to do. Maintain your confidence, stay persistent, and think positively, and eventually you will get a job that suits you.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the author, your job-
29、hunting plan had better be as _ as possible.（分数：4.00）A.randomB.clearC.fixedD.complex(2).The “search firms“ are most probably _.（分数：4.00）A.companies that have vacant posts availableB.companies that supply website-search serviceC.companies that provide job-hunting serviceD.companies that study job mar
30、ket and employment rate(3).When hunting a job, you“d better communicate with people on a level above you because _.（分数：4.00）A.they will hire you soonB.they will ask someone to hire youC.you will benefit from their fameD.you can learn from them(4).As indicated in the passage, in order to get a suitab
31、le job, you should _.（分数：4.00）A.always keep an optimistic spiritB.mainly focus on a full-time jobC.apply for one job at one timeD.follow other people“s footsteps(5).What“s the best title for this passage?（分数：4.00）A.Interview Strategies.B.Interview Ceremony.C.Job-hunting Experience.D.Job-hunting Stra
32、tegies.It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints (约束) influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don“t at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for
33、 more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth“s story: I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle (小隔间) offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved in
34、to window offices, while I remained in the cubicles. Several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it .had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did
35、 not voice my opinion either way. It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but “nice“ isn“t a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you“ll probably have to ask for it. Performance is your best bargaining c
36、hip (筹码) when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more l
37、ikely to get the raise you want. Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services? Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style
38、to guide the direction of the interaction.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should _.（分数：4.00）A.demonstrate his capabilityB.give his boss a good impressionC.ask for as much money as he canD.ask for the salary he hopes to get(2).What can be inferred from Beth“s sto
39、ry?（分数：4.00）A.Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.B.If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.C.People should not be content with what they have got.D.People should be careful when negotiating for a job.(3).We can learn from the passage that _.（分数：4.00）A.unfair
40、ness exists in salary increasesB.most people are overworked and underpaidC.one should avoid overstating one“s performanceD.most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises(4).To get a pay raise, a person should _.（分数：4.00）A.advertise himself on the job marketB.persuade his boss to sign a lon
41、g-term contractC.try to get inside information about the organizationD.do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions(5).To be successful in negotiations, one must _.（分数：4.00）A.meet his boss at the appropriate timeB.arrive at the negotiation table punctuallyC.be good at influencing
42、 the outcome of the interactionD.be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikesPresident Coolidge“s statement, “The business of America is business,“ still points to an important truth todaythat business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other kind of organization,
43、 including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige? One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most
44、Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected, Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring th
45、at there is no monopoly (垄断) of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where
46、 many businesses compete for the customers“ dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves. A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of f
47、reedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy in preserving freedom. Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the idea
48、l of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore vie
49、wed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic (贵族的) idea of inherited privilege.（分数：20.00）(1).The statement “The business of America is business“ probably means “_“.（分数：4.00）A.The business institutions in America are concerned with commerceB.Business problems are of great importance to the American governmentC.Business is of primary concern to AmericansD.America is a great power in world business(2).Americans believe that they can realize their personal v
