1、大学英语四级（2013 年 12 月考试改革适用）-试卷 218 及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）_2.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Due Attention Should Be Given to Handwriting. You should include in your essay the cause of bad handwriting and so
2、lutions to it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.Due Attention Should Be Given to Handwriting（分数：2.00）_二、Listening Comprehens(总题数：12，分数：50.00)3.Part II Listening Comprehension_4.Section A_A.Next year.B.Next week.C.In June or July.D.In
3、March or April.A.A conference held between Britain, Israel and Palestine.B.Peace talks held between Israel and Palestine.C.The international effort to boost economy in Palestine.D.The political and economic situation in Palestine.A.More than $17 billion.B.More than $17 million.C.More than $70 billio
4、n.D.More than $70 million.A.He was accused of many charges.B.He arrived on South Korea illegally.C.He stole money on the airplane.D.He committed crimes in Vietnam.A.Studied a lot of international journals.B.Estimated food consumption of undergraduate students.C.Spent a lot of time eating in front of
5、 the television.D.Surveyed students viewing, eating and drinking habits.A.Watching TV encourages snacking.B.Most people had healthy eating habits.C.Most people watch TV while eating.D.People are distracted while eating.A.Pay full attention to the TV shows.B.Miss what happening on the screen.C.Miss t
6、he cues that we are full.D.Eat less food than usually.5.Section B_A.At a bookstore.B.At a library.C.On the telephone.D.At the student center.A.By applying from the department.B.By lending journals and magazines.C.By applying at the loan office.D.By using his student I.D. card.A.Return it as quickly
7、as possible.B.Pay a fine because of the delayed return.C.Return it within 7 days of the recall notice.D.Return it within 7 days before the due date.A.Send an email to him.B.Impose an overdue fine on him.C.Ask his roommates to give him a message.D.Give the notice to his teacher of his department.A.Po
8、etry is popular among the general public.B.People there have no interest in poetry.C.Poetry is the most popular literature.D.People have no passion for writing poems.A.Flowery words are the most shining point of poetry.B.Flowery words arent an absolute necessity for poetry.C.One can write poems easi
9、ly after he has read much.D.He prefers a long novel to a short poem.A.He has more readers than other poets.B.He uses refined words in his poems.C.His poems express deep thoughts.D.His poems are interesting and excellent.A.Finding out a rhymed word with panda.B.Bringing the poem about panda to an end
10、.C.Adding the name “Amanda“ into a poem.D.Replacing panda with another word.6.Section C_A.It is an international organization.B.It only exists in poor countries.C.People always think highly of it.D.Anyone can join the group easily.A.To try to stop the war in Italy.B.To help the wounded in the battle
11、.C.To form an international treaty.D.To aid the injured in the earthquake.A.Protecting the prisoners of war.B.Teaching first aid to the public.C.Raising money for public fund.D.Publicizing the idea of charity.A.They are offered for those with an interest in the courses.B.Employers and employees in a
12、 company are both welcome.C.People who will retire in a few years are the target students.D.Students from a normal university can attend the courses.A.Specialist speakers.B.Retired people.C.Employers.D.Senior citizens.A.They can attend any courses for free.B.They arrange discussion groups for people
13、.C.They learn how to communicate with others.D.They want to be carpenters or craftsmen.A.It charges at a reduced rate.B.It is available every day.C.It is open to all people.D.It is provided only in the evening.A.They have to learn basics of English.B.They know clearly what they want to learn.C.It is
14、 good for them to learn general English skills.D.They want to have an up-to-date knowledge of English.A.The knowledge of teachers.B.The behaviors of students.C.The principles of schools.D.The introduction of books.A.English for doctors.B.English for lawyers.C.English for reporters.D.English for busi
15、nessman.三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)7.Part III Reading Comprehension_8.Section A_Skip that third helping of roast beef, save the planet and do your heart a favor at the same time. Thats the advice of Alan Dangour of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and colleagues who 1 th
16、e livestock industrys potential to help the UK reduce its carbon emissions to half of 1990 levels by 2030, and the knock-on effect on the nations health. They found that the industry could reduce its emissions, but only if the livestock the UK produces, and the meat the nation 2 , drops by 30 per ce
17、nt Farms must also optimise (最优化) their energy 3 by, for example, capturing carbon in animal waste.The health pay-off would be 4 : 18,000 fewer people would die prematurely in the UK each year from heart attacksa(n) 5 of 17 per centas they would eat less of the fats found in meat. The effect would n
18、ot be limited to rich nations. The team found that Brazil could 6 the same health benefits. “Were not saying go vegetarian, were saying reduce how much livestock produce you consume,“ says Dangour. The savings could be 7 higher if reduced death rates from cancer and obesity had been included, he add
19、s. Agronomist (农艺学家) Kenneth Cassman of the University of Nebraska warns that cutting production in one region can 8 it elsewhere, causing a rise in global emissions. “Reducing production of livestock products in a developed country like the UK does little to influence global 9 in production and con
20、sumption where most of the increase in demand between now and 2050 will come from 10 countries,“ he says.A) developing E) developed I) boast M) reductionB) even F) just J) achieve N) boostC) trends G) considerable K) considerate O) efficiencyD) explored H) consumes L) offers（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填
21、空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_10.Section B_How Should Teachers Be Rewarded?A We never forget our best teachersthose who inspired us with a deeper understanding or an enduring passion, the ones we come back to visit years after graduating, the educators who opened doors and a
22、ltered the course of our lives.B It would be wonderful if we knew more about such talented teachers and how to multiply their number. How do they come by their craft? What qualities and capacities do they possess? Can these abilities be measured? Can they be taught? Perhaps above all: How should exc
23、ellent teaching be rewarded so that the best teachersthe most competent, caring and compellingremain in a profession known for low pay and low status?C Such questions have become critical to the future of public education in the U.S. Even as politicians push to hold schools and their faculty members
24、 responsible as never before for student learning, the nation faces a shortage of teaching talent. About 3.2 million people teach in U.S. public schools, but, according to an estimate made by economist William Hussar at the National Center for Education Statistics, the nation will need to recruit an
25、 additional 2.8 million over the next eight years owing to baby-boomer retirement, growing student enrollment and staff turnover (人员调整)which is especially rapid among new teachers. Finding and keeping high-quality teachers are key to Americas competitiveness as a nation. Recent test results show tha
26、t U.S. 10th-graders ranked just 17th in science among peers from 30 nations, while in math they placed in the bottom five. Research suggests that a good teacher is the single most important factor in boosting achievement, more important than class size, the dollars spent per student or the quality o
27、f textbooks and materials.D Across the country, hundreds of school districts are experimenting with new ways to attract, reward and keep good teachers. Many of these efforts borrow ideas from business. They include signing bonuses for hard-to-fill jobs like teaching high school chemistry, housing al
28、lowances and what might be called combat pay for teachers who commit to working in the most distressed schools. But the idea gaining the most motivationand controversyis merit pay, which attempts to measure the quality of teachers work and pay teachers accordingly.E Traditionally, public-school sala
29、ries are based on years spent on the job and college credits earned, a system favored by unions because it treats all teachers equally. Of course, everyone knows that not all teachers are equal. Just witness how hard parents try to get their kids into the best classrooms. And yet there is no univers
30、ally accepted way to measure competence, much less the great charm of a truly brilliant educator. In its absence, policymakers have focused on that current measure of all things educational: student test scores. In districts across the country, administrators are devising systems that track student
31、scores back to the teachers who taught them in an attempt to assign credit and blame and, in some cases, target help to teachers who need it. Offering bonuses to teachers who raise student achievement, the theory goes, will improve the overall quality of instruction, retain those who get the job don
32、e and attract more highly qualified candidates to the professionall while lifting those all-important test scores.F Such efforts have been encouraged by the government, which in 2006 started a program that awards $99 million a year in grants to districts that link teacher compensation to raising stu
33、dent test scores. Merit pay has also become part of the debate in Congress over how to improve the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act. Last summer, the president signed merit pay at a meeting of the National Education Association, the nations largest teachers union, so long as the measure of merit is “de
34、veloped with teachers, not imposed on them and not based on some test score.“ Hillary Clinton says she does not support merit pay for individual teachers but does advocate performance-based pay on a schoolwide basis.G Its hard to argue against the notion of rewarding the best teachers for doing a go
35、od job. But merit pay has a long history in the U.S., and new programs to pay teachers according to test scores have already had an opposite effect in Florida and Houston. What holds more promise is broader efforts to transform the profession by combining merit pay with more opportunities for profes
36、sional training and support, thoughtful assessments of how teachers do their jobs and new career paths for top teachers.H To the business-minded people who are increasingly running the nations schools, theres an obvious solution to the problems of teacher quality and teacher turnover: offer better p
37、ay for better performance. The challenge is deciding who deserves the extra cash. Merit-pay movements in the 1920s, 50s and 80s turned to failure just because of that question, as the perception grew that bonuses were awarded to principals pets. Charges of unfairness, along with unreliable funding a
38、nd union opposition, sank such experiments.I But in an era when states are testing all students annually, theres a new, less subjective window onto how well a teacher does her job. As early as 1982, University of Tennessee statistician Sanders seized on the idea of using student test data to assess
39、teacher performance. Working with elementary-school test results in Tennessee, he devised a way to calculate an individual teachers contribution to student progress. Essentially, his method is this: he takes three or more years of student test results, projects a trajectory (轨迹) for each student bas
40、ed on past performance and then looks at whether, at the end of the year, the students in a given teachers class tended to stay on course, soar above expectations or fall short. Sanders uses statistical methods to adjust for flaws and gaps in the data. “Under the best circumstances,“ he claims, “we
41、can reliably identify the top 10% to 30% of teachers.“J Sanders devised his method as a management tool for administrators, not necessarily as a basis for performance pay. But increasingly, thats what it is used for. Today he heads a group at the North Carolina-based software firm SAS, which perform
42、s value-added analysis for North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and districts in about 15 other states. Most use it to measure schoolwide performance, but some are beginning to use value-added calculations to determine bonuses for individual teachers.（分数：20.00）(1).Student test scores have b
43、ecome the key measure of teachers performance due to the lack of well-accepted standards.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).The merit pay program in Florida and Houston has turned out to be a failure.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).The annual tests for students bring a new, less subjective way to measure the teaching quality.
44、（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).The key factor to strengthen achievement for a school is a good teacher.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Value-added calculations have been used to determine the bonuses a teacher deserves.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).Teaching is an occupation known for low salary.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).Sanders method wa
45、s at first created as a management tool for administrators rather than a basis for performance pay.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).Merit pay attempts to pay teachers according to their working performance.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).Hillary Clinton agrees the school staff should be paid based on performance.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).Merit-pay movements in the past didnt succeed because unfairness was created when deciding who should get the extra money.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.Section C_Heres some good news for parents of tweens and teens: Y
