1、大学英语四级（2013 年 12 月考试改革适用）-试卷 205 及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）_2.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and express your views on t
2、he reason of “China fever“. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.（分数：2.00）_二、Listening Comprehens(总题数：12，分数：50.00)3.Part II Listening Comprehension_4.Section A_A.Because livestock production is highly efficient.B.Because more people will become wealthier.C.Because it may he
3、lp double food production.D.Because it has fewer ecological risks.A.Balance between human survival and ecology.B.Conflict between less land and more production.C.Difference between present and future needs.D.Calls by environmental critics to consume less meat.A.A 17-year-old girl.B.A 15-year-old boy
4、.C.A 23-year-old woman.D.An 18-year-old man.A.One month later.B.Two months later.C.Immediately.D.Two weeks later.A.Business leadership.B.Global business community.C.Economic prospects in China.D.Business opportunities.A.over 250.B.76.C.500.D.800.A.10 years ago.B.3 years ago.C.In 1999.D.In 2001.5.Sec
5、tion B_A.Young couple.B.Middle-aged couple.C.Classmates.D.Teammates.A.Take exercise.B.Keep on a diet.C.Join a basketball team.D.Keep fit.A.The mans heart.B.A physical checkup.C.The man will fail to join the team.D.The health of the man.A.Watch his diet.B.Have a physical checkup.C.Take up a training.
6、D.Go to bed early.A.He likes Sweden better than England.B.He prefers hot weather to cold weather.C.He is an Englishman living in Sweden.D.He visits London nearly every winter.A.The bad weather.B.The gloomy winter.C.The cold houses.D.The long night.A.Delightful.B.Painful.C.Depressing.D.Refreshing.A.T
7、hey often stay up late reading.B.They work hard and play hard.C.They like to go camping in summer.D.They try to earn more and spend more.6.Section C_A.Words are used as frequently as gestures.B.Both words and gestures are often found difficult to understand.C.Both words and gestures are used in expr
8、essing our feeling.D.Gestures are more efficiently used than words.A.Fear.B.Shock.C.Anger.D.Surprise.A.Men.B.Women.C.Older people.D.Younger people.A.Four different vitamins have been identified till now.B.A lack of Vitamin B may affect one s eyesight.C.Vitamin A can be found in liver.D.Even a small
9、quantity of Vitamin C can help people avoid colds.A.Vitamin A.B.Vitamin B.C.Vitamin C.D.Vitamin D.A.People should eat more to get sufficient amount of vitamins.B.People should have more sunlight to ensure absorbing various vitamins.C.People should not overcook the vegetables.D.People should do more
10、exercises.A.Opinions on equality between the sexes in families.B.The ideal of sex equality in American family.C.American males and females.D.The familya co-operative enterprise.A.The fathers role is minor because he is a helpless parent.B.The fathers role is irrelevant to the healthy development of
11、the child.C.The fathers role is essential to the mothers role.D.The fathers role is important to the healthy growth of the child.A.Ideal.B.Fortunate.C.Harmful.D.Unhappy.A.Males are basically opposed to sharing household chores.B.A healthy, co-operative family is a basic ingredient of a healthy socie
12、ty.C.Division of household responsibilities is not workable in practice.D.A woman s place is in the homenow as always.三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)7.Part III Reading Comprehension_8.Section A_Who doesnt love being in love? A true love listens to you talk about work, lets you have that last
13、1of pie, and usually remembers to take out the trash. He is ready to forget all kinds of 2. And he always thinks you re beautiful, even without 3. Scientists have long been keen to prove that love gives us health 4too. Researchers cant say for sure that a lover is more important than a loving family
14、 or warm friendship when it comes to wellness. But they are learning more about how a romantic partner makes us 5, with health gains that 6from faster healing and better control over illnesses to living longer. The benefits of love are 7and measurable. A study last year from the University of Pittsb
15、urgh found that women in good marriages have a much lower risk of heart disease than those in high-stress relationships. The National Love and Health Study has been 8more than a million subjects since 1979. The study shows that married people live longer, have fewer heart attacks and lower cancer ra
16、tes, and even get pneumonia less frequently than singles. A new study from the University of Iowa also found that cancer patients with a strong sense of connection to others and in 9relationship were better able to fight off cancer. It seems that love helps people 10their immune system.A)range B)mak
17、eup C)stronger D)righteousE)tracking F)slice G)health H)strengthenI)benefits J)refreshing K)misunderstandings L)designingM)satisfying N)suggested O)explicit（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_10.Section B_Definitions of ObesityA)How does one define when a
18、person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-weight tables give an approximate guideline as to whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage.B)The World Health Organization recommends using a formula that takes into account a persons height and weig
19、ht. The “Body Mass Index“(BMI)is calculated by dividing the person s weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of ov
20、er 30 is considered to be obese.C)However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such variables as age, gender and ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic groups have very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is
21、 not applicable to certain very muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP)in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation(IDF)are starting to define obesity in adults simply in te
22、rms of waist circumference.Health Effects of ObesityD)Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that “persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender“. This observation remains very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a persons physical, so
23、cial and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2(“mature onset diabetes“)and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The association between obes
24、ity and coronary heart disease is also well-known. CancerE)Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as a result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5,
25、893 women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations being with breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for men.F)The link between breast cancer and nutritional stat
26、us is thought to be due to the steroid hormones, oestrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a womans menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link co
27、uld explain why women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat less food and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resulting in lower predisposition to breast cancer.G)The Times
28、newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world!AgingH)Research published by St Thomas Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging, to the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a woman s biol
29、ogical age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and a smoker added at least ten years to a womans biological age, and although the study only involved wom
30、en, the lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men.I)The aging effect was determined by measuring the length of telomeres, tiny “caps“ on the ends of chromosomes, which help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed, telomeres have been dubbed the “chrom
31、osomal clock“ because, as an organism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain point, the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It is believed that excess bod
32、y fat and the chemicals present in tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the production of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion of telomeres. Dementia J)Recent research(2005)conducted in the USA shows that obesity in middle age is linked
33、 to an increased risk of dementia, with obese people in their 40s being 74% more likely to develop dementia compared to those of normal weight. For those who are merely overweight, the lifetime risk of dementia risk was 35% higher.K)Scientists from the Aging Research Centre at the Karolinska Institu
34、te in Sweden have been able to take information such as age, number of years in education, gender, body mass index, blood pressure level, physical activity and genetic factors, assigning each a risk score. They then used this information to devise a predictive test for dementia. This test will enabl
35、e people at risk, for the first time, to be able to affect lifestyle changes which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia. Other ProblemsL)The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, is of major economic concern, liable to drain economies. Of further concern is that research
36、 conducted in Australia and published in 2006, shows that up to one third of breech pregnancies were undetected by the traditional “palpation“ examination, the danger being greatest for those women who are overweight or obesea growing proportion of mothers. This means that such women are not getting
37、 the treatment required to turn the baby around in time for the birth, and in many cases require an emergency cae-sarean section.M)This is a true health-care crisis, far bigger than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)and ultimately, even bigger than AIDS.（分数：20.00）(1).The predictive test will he
38、lp people to change lifestyle, which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Women from less affluent nations tend to have much less breast cancer.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Obesity would affect a person s emotional well-being.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Obese people in middle age run an
39、 increased risk of dementia.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Obesity has something to do with cancer in the prostate gland for man.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).A non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to her biological age.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).Whether one is simply overweight or h
40、as passed into the obese stage can be judged according to the height-weight table.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).The excess body fat, like the chemicals present in tobacco smoke, can lead to inflammation.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).“Body Mass Index“ is limited in defining a person s weight ideal, because it does not t
41、akes into account many variables such as age, gender and ethnic origin.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).The world-wide upsurge in obesity, especially in children, will possibly drain economies.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.Section C_Over the past decade, the environmental movement has exploded onto the mind of mainstream
42、consumers, a fact not lost on marketers and advertisers. Green advertising started in the mid-1980s when issues of the environment muscled their way to the forefront of marketing. Advertisers saw the consumer desire for environmentally safe products and tried to meet the demand as quickly as possibl
43、e. Not surprisingly, this first wave suffered from rough and poorly conceived marketing efforts. Many advertisers embraced a genuine concern for the environment. But consumers realized that some companies made false claims and exploited the movement, using such nebulous(模糊的)terms as “environmentally
44、 friendly“ and “green.“ Consumers grew wary of environmental appeals, and advertisers reacted by reducing its emphasis. To avoid future trouble, many companies waited for state and federal governments to define terms and provide legal guidelines, which paved the road to a second wave. In 1992 the Fe
45、deral Trade Commission established guidelines for green marketing, followed shortly by state governments. California passed particularly strict laws, setting definitions for terms like “ozone friendly,“ “biodegradable,“ and “recycled.“According to the states court, “California seeks to guard against potentially specious: claims or ecological puffery(吹捧)about products with minimal environmental attributes. “Texas, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Tennessee, Connecticut, and Washington soon followed the Golden State s lead. The rigid regulations ha
