1、大学英语四级（2013 年 12 月考试改革适用）-试卷 201 及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）_2.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Some people claim that there are mo
2、re disadvantages of the car than its advantages. Do you agree or disagree?（分数：2.00）_二、Listening Comprehens(总题数：12，分数：50.00)3.Part II Listening Comprehension_4.Section A_A.Alcohol abuse.B.Smoking.C.Depression.D.Schizophrenia.A.To prevent patients from smoking.B.To better understand patients.C.To get
3、patients occupied.D.To teach patients some skills.A.There were important space missions.B.The space agency lacked funding for the program.C.The current shuttle missions would continue.D.Congress failed to pass President Obama s budget.A.To set up a moon colony by 2020.B.To send astronauts again to t
4、he moon by 2020.C.To continue the current shuttle missions till 2020.D.To create more jobs for NASA till 2020.A.Foreign investment.B.Donor support.C.Price control.D.Bank prediction.A.20 million percent.B.2.2 million percent.C.11.2 million percent.D.Over 11.2 million percent.A.Tougher times will wait
5、 for Zimbabwe.B.The inflation situation will be eased.C.The future of the inflation is not clear.D.It was not mentioned in the news.5.Section B_A.He doesn t have time to move.B.He would have difficulty finding another apartment.C.He s paid his rent for the summer in advance.D.He doesnt want to paint
6、 another apartment.A.Three weeks.B.One month.C.Three months.D.Over one year.A.She s spoken to him on the phone.B.She met him during her vacation one summer.C.She went on a summer trip with him.D.She used to work with him.A.Leave it vacant.B.Rent it to the woman he is talking with.C.Sublet it to Jim
7、Thomas.D.Ask his landlord to sublet it.A.To organize activities for the students.B.To give the students chance to make money.C.To improve the reputation of the university.D.To raise fund for a hospital.A.Many special events and displays.B.Many patients.C.Having a party.D.Meeting friends.A.To serve f
8、ood.B.For the band to play music.C.To sell donations.D.For entertainment.A.He is confused about this.B.He thinks the fair is profitable.C.He believes it is too complicated.D.He thinks it is a great event.6.Section C_A.To examine the chemical elements in the Ice Age.B.To learn what s been happening o
9、n the sun s surface.C.To analyze the composition of different trees.D.To find out the origin of carbon-14 on Earth.A.The life cycle of trees.B.The number of trees.C.The intensity of solar burning.D.The quality of air.A.It affects the growth of trees.B.It has been increasing since the Ice Age.C.It is
10、 determined by the chemicals in the air.D.It follows a certain cycle.A.Men who belong to organizations must wear jewelry.B.Each new period brings some changes in clothing.C.Women do not like to look attractive in new clothes.D.Every woman wants to look attractive.A.They change to show their position
11、 in life.B.They change as fashions in beauty change.C.They change to attract other women.D.They change when dentists put on white clothing.A.Some men enjoy wearing special kinds of clothing.B.Soldiers do not allow delivery men to wear uniforms.C.All doctors and dentists wear coats at home.D.In ancie
12、nt Greece, men wearing dresses were thought to be savages.A.Successful people.B.Famous people.C.Older people.D.Anyone.A.They show you how to achieve success.B.They provide you with the experience you haven t had.C.They tell you the secrets to gain certain abilities that you admire.D.They show you th
13、e way to better measure yourself.A.We should get to know everything about the model.B.We might be especially interested in people who are lucky.C.We should incorporate into ours the model s characteristics that we admire.D.We should try to learn what kind of achievements the model has gained.A.Role
14、models will tell us how well we are doing.B.We can compare ourselves with role models at the same stage that we are.C.We can measure ourselves against what role models have achieved.D.We can measure ourselves by looking at what successful people are doing.三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)7.Part
15、 III Reading Comprehension_8.Section A_As What s your earliest childhood memory? Adults seldom 1events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four 2retain any specific, personal experiences. Adults think in words, and their life memories are l
16、ike stories or 3 one event follows anotheras in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental files for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they dont find any that fits the 4. Its like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary. Now psychologist Annett
17、e Simms of the New York State University offers a new 5for childhood amnesia. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone else s spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short-term, quickly 6impressions of them into long-term memories. In other 7,
18、 children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about theirsMother talking about the afternoon 8looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean park. Without this 9reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form 10memories of their personal expe
19、riences.A)words B)narratives C)spent D)patternE)forgotten F)largely G)recall H)explanationI)cases J)rarely K)taken L)factorM)habitual N)permanent O)verbal（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_10.Section B_How to Make Peace with Your WorkloadA)Swamped(忙碌的), u
20、nder the gun, just struggling to stay above water: whatever office cliche you employ to depict it, we ve all been in that situation where we feel like we might be swallowed up by our workload. Nonetheless many a way may be used to manage your to-do list to prevent feeling overwhelmed. How to make pe
21、ace with your workload once and for all goes as follows.B)Get organized. “Clear the deadwood out of your desk and keep your office in shape, which enhances your capability to handle other tasks and raises the probability that you 11 retrieve the items you do need in a faster and easier fashion,“ say
22、s Jeff Davidson who works as a work / life expert and writer of more than 50 books on workplace issues. “When something can be disposed, let it go, given in reality most of what you retain is replaceable.“ Joel Rudy, vice president of operations for Photographic Solutions, with better than thirty ye
23、ars of business management experience, believes that keeping organized is a must. “Messy work areas are nonproductive in some measure. Provided that you cant locate a document or report easily because its lost in a pile of mess, then you have a problematic situation,“ he says. “Thereby you are suppo
24、sed to take the time to tidy up your work areas and keep your important files, manuals and reports in an accessible location, which will maximize your efficiencies.“C)Make a to-do list, then cover it up. It may sound weird, but it works, says Jessica Carlson, an account executive at Bluefish Design
25、Studio which is an advertising consulting firm. Carlson urges her team to utilize to-do lists to stay on track and highlight items that are a priority. “Cover up the list, with the exception of one high-priority task at one time,“ she suggests. “This will allow you to focus better on the task at han
26、d: otherwise, it will be easy to get overwhelmed if youre reading through a to-do list that spans an entire page. Concentrating on a single item will make your tasks appear like they are more doable,“ Carlson says.D)Stop multitasking. Despite what you may consider multitasking, its counterproductive
27、. Unless youre drinking coffee while scanning your morning e-mails, youre not saving any time by attempting to do ten things at once. “If you find yourself getting tangled in too many things, it may be of much necessity of you to re-evaluate your involvement,“ Rudy says. “Your mind will wander from
28、one topic to another and you may end up never accomplishing a thing.“ Rudy recommends the best way to stop multitasking is to create priority lists with deadlines. “When applicable, complete one project before you move further on to the next one,“ he says.E)Set time limits. Deborah Chaddock Brown, a
29、 work-at-home single parent, says shes frequently overwhelmed by the demands of maintaining order in her residence and running her own business. Still, she manages to “do it all“ by setting a time limit for each task. “I have the type of personality that flits(轻轻地掠过)from thing to thing because I do
30、have so much on my plate,“ Brown says. “As a consequence I assign time slots: For the next 15 minutes I will participate in social media for the purpose of marketing my business(not sending photos or playing Farmville)and that is the only thing I am about to do for the next 15 minutes. When the time
31、 is up, I move on to the next task. That way, at night I dont end up with a pile of tasks to accomplish even though I felt busy all day.“F)Talk to your manager. “Quite often, people are working on things that are no longer a top priority, but someone forgot to tell them(that theyre no longer importa
32、nt). There are usually clear priorities in the managers head: he or she has just not done a great job communicating those with the employee,“ says Holly Green, CEO of The Human Factor. Greens suggestion unfolds in this manner: “If you find yourself confronted with too many responsibilities, sit down
33、, note the significant things you are in charge of, and go to your manager to have a conversation to discuss priorities, trade-offs, time commitments and interdependencies required to do each thing well, and then ask what you should stop working on or work on less so you can get the right things don
34、e.“ Green says managers should be willing to help sort out priorities, so long as employees have a can-do approach and arent just complaining about their workload.G)Eliminate time wasters. “If interruptions are keeping you from your responsibilities, learn how to deal with them accordingly,“ says Ei
35、leen Roth, author of Organizing for Dummies. Roth proposes the following suggestions to combat disruptions: “Use voice mail to cut down on telephone interruptions, turn off the alert that says You ve got an e-mail: and give staff members a set time to visit you.“ Justin Gramm, president of Globella
36、Buyers Realty, exemplifies Roths point. “E-mail had been a big time waster for me in the past because it was a constant interruption, causing me to lose focus on the task at hand,“ he says. Since determined to check his e-mails only twice a day, Gramm says he has become much more efficient. “If peop
37、le want to get more work done, they need to stop checking e-mails and get down to business,“ he says.H)Assess your workload before taking on new tasks. “The paradox of todays work environment is that the more you do, the more thats expected of you,“ Davidson says. In order to better assess your work
38、load, Davidson suggests asking yourself the following questions before agreeing to undertake new responsibilities: Is the task aligned(使一致)with your priorities and goals: Are you likely to be as prone to saying yes to such a request tomorrow or next week: What else could you do that would be more re
39、warding: What other pressing tasks and responsibilities are you likely to face: Does the other party have options other than you: Will he or she be crushed if you say no?I)Want to know more? Most of our experts recommended books for additional tips on how to maximize efficiency, but one book was men
40、tioned time and again. Check out The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People.（分数：20.00）(1).Taking time to tidy up work areas will maximize your efficiencies.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Deborah Chaddock Brown finds she is overwhelmed trying to make a balance between business and housework.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3)
41、.There are many useful methods of preventing people from feeling overwhelmed by workload.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).To know more about how to maximize efficiency, The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People is recommended.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Davidson says, today s paradox is the more one does, the more he
42、is expected to do.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).Focusing on one single thing will make your tasks appear more possible to be done.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).In Organizing for Dummies, using voice mail to cut down on telephone interruptions is suggested in combating interruptions.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).Rudy said, the be
43、st way to stop multitasking is to make a list of priorities and set deadlines for each task.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).When something can be disposed, let it go, considering most of what you retain is replaceable in reality.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).If employees have a can-do attitude and do not complain about
44、their workload, the managers would like to help them decide what to do first.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.Section C_Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face dif
45、ferent from another. Yet a very young childor even an animal, such as a pigeoncan learn to recognize faces, we all take this ability for granted. We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others. Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone s personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe wha
