1、大学英语四级 9及答案解析(总分：746.58，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Living Expenditure of College Students. You should write at least 120 words following the out line given below in Chinese: 1. 大学生的生活费用安排发生变化； 2. 产生这些变化的原因是
2、什么； 3. 你的看法。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)JOBS A person planning for a career today must look carefully at the expected occupational trends and changes in the job market. Affecting the economy are changes in the size, age, and distribution of the population, as well as developmen
3、ts in technology. These changes also affect employment opportunities. For example, an aging population has increased the need for medical care and other health services. Computer technology has not only eliminated or changed the nature of many jobs but also created new occupations. By analyzing the
4、changing economy and the factors causing these changes, a person can forecast, or predict, future trends in employment. A New Labor Force The United States labor force-the total number of people over the age of 16 who are employed or are actively seeking work totaled 127 million in 1992. By the year
5、 2005, the labor force is expected to reach 151 million, an increase of 19%. This increase represents a slight slowdown in the growth of the labor force compared with growth during the previous 13-year period, 1979-1992. The slowdown is largely due to slower population growth in the United States. T
6、he U. S. labor force will become more diverse by 2005, White non-Hispanic men will make up a slightly smaller proportion of the labor force than in 1992, while women and minority group members will make up a larger share, Between 1992 and 2005, blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and other ethnic(种族的) groups
7、 will account for roughly 35% of all people entering the work force. In addition, women will continue to join the labor force in growing numbers. In 1979, women made up 42% of the labor force. By 2005, their share is expected to be 48%. The age make-up of the U. S. population will change from 1992 t
8、o 2005. There will be a smaller proportion of children and teenagers and a larger proportion of middle-aged and older people. The decline in the proportion of Children and teenagers reflects the lower birth rates of the 1980s and 1990s. The large increase in the middle-aged population reflects the a
9、ging of the baby boom generation-people born between 1946 and 1964. The rapid growth of the older population reflects both the high birth rates before the 1930s and improvements in medical technology that are allowing Americans to live longer. The changing age make-up of the U. S. population will di
10、rectly affect tomorrows work force, Young people age 16 to 24 are expected to make up roughly the same percentage of the labor force in 2005 as they did in 1992. However, the percentage of workers age 25 to 34 will decline dramatically, from 28% to 21%. The baby boom generation will continue to add
11、members to the work force, but their share will decline slightly. The most striking change will be a large increase in the percentage of workers between the ages of 45 and 54. These workers will account for 24% of the labor force in 2005, up from 18% in 1992. Workers in this age group usually have m
12、ore employment experience than younger workers. Thus, employers will be able to choose from a larger pool of experienced applicants, people seeking jobs, in coming years. Education: A Prerequisite(先决条件) for Employment The education level of the labor force has risen dramatically in recent years. In
13、1980, for example, 19% of all workers age 25 and older had completed four years of college. In 1992, 27% had a bachelors degree or higher. The trend toward higher educational achievement is expected to continue. From 1992 to 2005, employment growth will be faster for occupations requiring higher lev
14、els of education or training than for those requiring less. Managerial, professional, and technical positions will make up an increasing proportion of new jobs that become available. Many of the occupations projected for grow most rapidly are those with higher earnings. Office and factory automation
15、, changes in consumer demand, and the movement of factories overseas will continue to affect job opportunities. Employment in jobs requiring little formal education may decline. They may also stagnate, or stay the same, making job opportunities for people who have not finished high school increasing
16、ly limited. In addition, those workers will be more likely to have low paying jobs with little opportunity for advancement. Goods Vs Services Today industries providing services employ more people than those providing goods. Currently, about 21% of the labor force is employed in goods-producing indu
17、stries, such as mining, manufacturing, and construction. About 79% of United States workers are employed in service-producing industries, such as health care, education, transportation, communications, and banking. Economists forecast a continued increase in the number of jobs in service-producing i
18、ndustries. By 2005, service jobs are expected to make up 82% of the job market. Employment Trends in Service Industries Health services will continue to be one of the fastest growing industries in the U. S. economy from 1992 to 2005. For example, home health care is the second most rapidly growing i
19、ndustry today. The increased demand for health services is due to improvements in medical technology, the growing size of the U.S. population, and the increasing proportion of older people in the population. Business services, also will generate many jobs by 2005. However, this industry will grow mo
20、re slowly than it did from 1979 to 1992. Business services include one of the fastest growing industries in the U.S. economy: computer and data processing services. This industrys rapid growth is due to advances in technology, worldwide trends toward office and factory automation, and increased dema
21、nd by companies, government agencies, and individuals. Other service industries also will experience growth from 1992 to 2005. Education, for example, is expected to add 2.8 million jobs due to population growth and rising school enrollments. Employment in social services is expected to increase by
22、1.7 million, In fact, the most rapidly growing industry in the U. S. economy today is residential care. The economy will also see strong job growth in the passenger transportation industry, including travel agencies. Employment in the communications industry, however, is expected to decline by 12%.
23、This decline is due to laborsaving technology and increased competition among companies. Employment Trends in Goods-Producing Industries Overall employment in goods-producing industries is expected to show little change between 1992 and 2005. However, growth will vary among industries, with some ind
24、ustries experiencing an increase in jobs and others experiencing a decrease. Employment in the construction industry, for example, is expected to increase 26%, from 4. 5 million in 1992 to 5.6 million in 2005. The need to improve the nations roads, bridges, and tunnels will offset (补偿) the declining
25、 demand for new homes and office buildings. Also, after declining for many years, overall employment in farming, forestry, and fishing is projected to grow by 14%, from 1.7 million to 2 million jobs. Jobs in other goods-producing industries will continue to decline. For example, employment in manufa
26、cturing is expected to decrease by 3% from its 1992 level of 18 million jobs. Most of the jobs that will disappear will be production jobs, as machines continue to replace people. However, the number of professional and technical positions in manufacturing will increase. Mining employment, which inc
27、ludes the petroleum industry, is expected to decline 11% by 2005, from 631,000 to 562,000 jobs. （分数：71.00）(1).The article deals with the employment of the future in the United States. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Slower population increase is largely responsible for the slight slowdown in the growth of th
28、e labor force. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Workers aged 25-34 usually have more employment experience than workers aged 16-24 . （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Although the job applicants have not finished high school, they are highly likely to be promoted. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).More people are employed in servi
29、ce sections than in manufacturing ones. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).The increasing proportion of older people is one of the reasons why home health care grows fastest today. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Loss of the production jobs will occur as robots continue to replace people. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Business
30、 services experience rapid growth as a result of worldwide automation, growing demand and _. （分数：7.10）_(9).In 1992, employment in the manufacturing section was _. （分数：7.10）_(10).Increased competition among companies and labor-saving technology will contribute to a loss of jobs in _. （分数：7.10）_三、List
31、ening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.The man tends to repeat himself a lot.B.The room was fixed at the mans request.C.She also finds it easier to work there now.D.The man talks about working instead of doing it.A.Bill doesnt take good care of knives.B.This matter doesnt concern Bill.C.He wants to find
32、a better tool.D.He wants Bill to fix the knife.A.Theres going to be a wedding.B.The people should learn that dance better.C.Big dances are the most fun.D.They need to print more invitations.A.He will no longer ask for their help.B.He will regret not accepting their help.C.He still needs their help.D
33、.He has to manage without their help.A.She is not feeling very well.B.She is very ill.C.She is annoyed with the doctor.D.She is badly hurt.A.Things to wear.B.The warm weather.C.Best material for making clothes.D.A bright shirt.A.Two weeks form now.B.In about two days.C.He hasnt decided yet.D.In four
34、 weeks.A.Hes surprised she chose that agency.B.He wonders why shes kept her job.C.He doesnt know when her classes started.D.He doubts she makes much money now.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.In central London.B.Near a police station.C.By the tube station.D.On a side street.A.Green.B.Red.C.White.D.Black
35、.A.It was stolen.B.It was given a ticket.C.She couldnt find it.D.She found it towed away by the police.A.She went to a police station nearby.B.She talked to a policeman on patrol.C.She took a taxi as a policeman advised her to do.D.She telephoned the police for help.A.Relaxing at the seashore.B.Visi
36、ting her parents.C.Sailing on a boat.D.Preparing for a race.A.She was invited only for the weekend.B.The weather was too hot.C.She had an appointment.D.She had schoolwork to do.A.She had to go home.B.She was too tired to continue.C.She had to finish her schoolwork.D.She was thirsty.A.Synthetic fuel.
37、B.Solar energy.C.Alcohol.D.Electricity.A.Air traffic conditions.B.Traffic jams on highways.C.Road conditions.D.New traffic rules.A.Go through a health check.B.Carry little luggage.C.Arrive early for boarding.D.Undergo security checks.A.California.B.Southern Alaska.C.The arctic.D.Europe.A.5,400,000 y
38、ears.B.65,000,000 years.C.8,400,000 years.D.75,000,000 years.A.Tourists.B.Birds.C.Winds.D.Some animals.A.A business corporation.B.A society of legal professionals.C.The universe as a whole.D.An association of teachers and scholars.A.Its largest expansion took place during that period.B.Its role in s
39、ociety went through a dramatic change.C.Small universities combined to form bigger ones.D.Provincial colleges were taken over by larger universities.A.Private donations.B.Grants from corporations.C.Government funding.D.Fees paid by students.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Television now plays such an imp
40、ortant part in so many peoples lives that it is (36) 1 for us to try to decide whether is a (37) 2 or a curse. Obviously television has both (38) 3 and dis. But do the former (39) 4 the latter? In the first place, television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also a (40) 5 cheap o
41、ne. They just sit comfortably at home and enjoy (41) 6 series of programmes rather than to go out in search of (42) 7 elsewhere. Some people, however, maintain that this is (43) 8 where the danger lies. (44) 9. Secondly, television keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the la
42、test developments in science and politics. Yet here again there is a danger. The television screen itself has a terrible, almost physical fascination for us. (45) 10. There are many other arguments for and against television. The poor quality of its programmes is often criticized. But it is undoubte
43、dly a great comfort to many lonely elderly people. And does it corrupt or instruct our children? (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to underst
44、and the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries centered primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship“ to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller t
45、o produce goods and then change them into money. Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing conce
46、pt, which simply means that instead of trying to sell Whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first try to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase. This concept does not imply that business is benevolent (慈善的) or tha
47、t consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction-the firm and the customer-and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through und
48、erstanding and meeting the needs of the consumers. A striking example of the importance of meeting the consumers needs happened in mid-1985, when Coca-Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration
