1、大学英语四级 8 及答案解析(总分：746.58，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a poster recruiting volunteers. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1校学生会将组织一次暑假志愿者活动，现招募志愿者 2本次志愿者活动的目的、活动安排等 3报名条件及联系方式 Vo
2、lunteers Needed _ _ _ （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Labor Force The labor force is the part of a nations population that works for pay or that is looking for a paying job. In 1800, the United States had about 2 million people in its labor force. Most of them worked on farms, most
3、of whom were men. In 1993, about 130 million Americans were in the labor force. 96 million workers were found in large cities, 46 percent of whom were women. New Kinds of Jobs In the twentieth century, the U. S. labor force has undergone many changes. One of the most significant of these changes is
4、in the decline in the number of blue collar jobs and the rise in the number of white-collar jobs. A blue-collar job involves manual or outdoor labor. Blue-collar workers include factory assemblers and welders; carpenters, plumbers(水暖工), mechanics, and painters; construction workers, and truck driver
5、s. Although the number of blue-collar workers increased in the twentieth century, the future will see a declining need for such workers. Some of their jobs will be taken over by advanced automated and computerized machinery that can do certain blue-collar jobs more quickly and efficiently than peopl
6、e can. In contrast, a white-collar job involves work that is not chiefly manual. For example, white collar workers include accountants, engineers, teachers, lawyers, and sales personnel. In 1900, white collar workers made up about 20 percent of the labor force; today, 67 percent of all American wage
7、 earners hold white collar jobs. Advances in computer technology have created many new white-collar jobs, such as those in programming and information processing. These changes will continue to dramatically change the nature of existing jobs. The Rise of Women in the Labor Force Until 1940, the oppo
8、rtunities for women to hold jobs were limited. Prejudice and discrimination(歧视)against women forced many of them to find employment as teachers, nurses, and secretaries. In 1940, women held only 25 percent of the jobs. World War -1941 through 1945-brought about many changes in the labor force. Men w
9、ere drafted to serve in the armed forces of the United States. At the same time, the country needed labor to keep factories running at full production to support the war effort. As a result, women were suddenly needed and hired even though they had been previously excluded from such jobs. Women not
10、only repaired airplanes and land vehicles, but they also drove trucks, operated radios and ma chinery, and did clerical work. During the war years, the percentage of women in the labor force rose from 25 percent to 35 percent. Married women, many of whose husbands were in the armed forces, made up t
11、he greatest number of new women workers. In 1940, fewer than half of working women were single, but by 1945 a majority of women workers were married. By the end of the war, one out of every three workers in industry and business was a woman. The Postwar Years After the war, the men who returned from
12、 the armed forces went back to the same jobs they had held prior to the war. As a result, many women lost their wartime jobs. However, not all the women who had held jobs for the first time returned to their former roles as homemakers. Women had proved they could do these jobs well. As a result, the
13、 traditional barriers against the employment of women in such industries as steel and shipbuilding started to disappear. As the postwar prosperity continued, new positions became available for the returning men and for the many women workers now in the labor force. Many women found that they enjoyed
14、 not only employment outside their homes but also the benefits of paying jobs. Many women were beginning to see work as a permanent part of their lives. By earning their own income, they became less dependent and more self-sufficient. Their independence gave them new choices and made them aware of a
15、 wider range of roles available to them. The economic prosperity that followed the war also enabled many young couples to purchase houses. Many began raising families. Some women chose to stay at home to raise their children, while their husbands went to work. As a result, the percentage of women wo
16、rkers declined after the war, but it never went as low as it was in 1940. The 1960s to the 1990s The 1960s saw the beginning of many social changes in the United States, some of which were brought about by the womens liberation movement. Many women became keenly aware that they were often paid less
17、than men for doing the same kind of work and that they were not promoted as easily or quickly as men. They also found that discrimination in jobs and in education still existed. As a result of womens protests, equal opportunity laws were passed that made discrimination against women in jobs and educ
18、ation illegal. This legislation opened up to women many business and professional positions that had previously been closed to them. The 1970s were troubled by ongoing inflation. For many couples, the high standard of living combined with the high cost of living, made it necessary for both the husba
19、nd and wife to hold paying jobs. The two-income family became a way of life that continues today. Many divorced, separated, or widowed women also entered the labor force in the 1970s. The 1980s brought more changes. Many businesses were not able to survive the recession of that period. Many manufact
20、uring industries, such as the auto, steel, textile, and clothing industries, suffered at the hands of increased competition from foreign countries. As a result, many plants and factories closed; the number of available jobs sharply declined. Because of the recession more mothers of young children en
21、tered the labor force. In general, families in the 1970s,80s, and90s have had fewer children than families of earlier generations. There has therefore been less need for women to stay at home for many years to care for young children, and more married women have been free to join the job market. Cou
22、pled with the trend toward two-income families, the labor force participation of married women with young children has risen dramatically since the 1970s. About 19 percent of mothers with children below age 6 were employed in 1970. In 1993, About 60 percent were employed. A Changing Labor Force Shif
23、ts from blue-collar to white-collar jobs and the increase in the number of working women continue to affect the labor force. These trends are altering the relationship between workers and their work, and people require new skills and training in all fields of employment. Nevertheless, todays (1990s)
24、 workers-whether blue-collar or white-collar, male or female-earn higher wages, work shorter hours, and receive more extra benefits than workers prior to the 1940s. （分数：71.00）(1).In 1993, women held 46 percent of the paying jobs in the United States. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).The application of advance
25、d automated and computerized machinery will result in loss of some blue-collar jobs. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).During World War , some jobs which previously excluded women were open to them. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).After the war, returned male workers were responsible for the total loss of womens jobs.
26、（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Few women realized they suffered inequality in jobs and education in the 1960s. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).As the children grew up, most of the mothers entered the labor force again in the 1970s. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).The passage mainly illustrates trends in the US labor force du
27、ring 1940s and 1990s. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).In the 1970s, the high standard and cost of living contributed m the emergence of _. （分数：7.10）_(9).In 1980s, many manufacturing industries were increasingly confronted with _. （分数：7.10）_(10).Compared with the workers before 1940s, workers in the 1990s ear
28、n more, work shorter hours, and are given _. （分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.No one can find a supermarket.B.He helps people find a supermarket here.C.He has no idea where to find a supermarket.D.His family lives in this city.A.In a library.B.In a bookstore.C.In a classroom.D.In th
29、e womans home.A.A doctor.B.A salesman.C.A pharmacist.D.A librarian.A.He has a better idea.B.He wants to be invited.C.It will depend on the weather.D.He is sure to go for an outing.A.Present a new book to the class.B.Read more than one book.C.Read the book more thoroughly.D.Read the book to the class
30、.A.Jane knows practically everyone.B.Jane knows Karl isnt hard to be happy.C.Karl didnt order the right thing.D.Jane always knows exactly what to say.A.He disagrees with the woman.B.He prefers not to argue about it.C.He shares the womans opinion.D.He wasnt able to live in the hotel.A.Marcia looks go
31、od in everything.B.He knew someone who looked like Marcia.C.He wishes he had a coat like Marcias.D.Marcia should get a new coat.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.With a knife.B.On the edge of some metal.C.On some glass.D.On a piece of paper.A.How much the cut hurt.B.How deep the cut was.C.How easily he w
32、as cut.D.How concerned the woman was.A.The amount of skin affected by the cut.B.The cause of the cut.C.The amount of bleeding.D.The number of nerve endings irritated.A.How to deposit money.B.How to write a cheque.C.How to calculate the interest rate.D.How to open a current account.A.In the top right
33、-hand comer.B.In the box printed on the cheque.C.On the right-hand bottom line.D.On the back of the cheque.A.In words.B.In numbers.C.Both in words and in numbers.D.In none of the above ways.A.Three minutes.B.Two Minutes.C.One minutes.D.Five minutes.A.To win a competition.B.To break a record.C.To del
34、iver the news of victory.D.To win the first prize.A.Because he surpasses the fellow runners.B.Because he still can run.C.Because he overcomes fatigue with his will-power.D.Because he wins the prize.A.They havent devoted as much energy to medicine as to space travel.B.There are too many kinds of cold
35、 viruses for them to identify.C.It is not economical to find a cure for each type of cold.D.They believe people can recover without treatment.A.They reveal the seriousness of the problem.B.They indicate how fast the virus spreads.C.They tell us what kind of medicine to take.D.They show our body is f
36、ighting the virus.A.It actually does more harm than good.B.It causes damage to some organs of our body.C.It works better when combined with other remedies.D.It helps us to recover much sooner.A.Sports in the United States.B.The most popular sports in the United Sports.C.Three popular sports in the U
37、nited States.D.Sports and United States.A.Judging by the number of the watchers.B.Judging by the number of players.C.Both A and B.D.Neither of them.A.From late autumn to winter.B.From winter to spring.C.From autumn through the winter to whole spring.D.From late autumn through the winter to early spr
38、ing.A.Baseball.B.Basketball.C.Volleyball.D.Football.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Today I want to help you with a study reading method known as SQ3R. The letters stand for five steps in the reading (36) 1: Survey, Question, Read, Review, Recite. Each of the steps should be done carefully and in the ord
39、er mentioned. In all study reading, a should be the first step. Survey means to look quickly. In study reading, you need to look quickly at , words in darker or larger print, words with (37) 2 letters, (38) 3 and charts. Dont stop to read complete sentences. Just look at the important (39) 4 of the
40、materials. The second step is question. Try to form questions based on your . Use the question words who, what, when, where, why and how. Now you are ready for the third step. Read. You will be reading the (40) 5 and important words that you looked at in the (41) 6, but this time you will read the e
41、xamples and (42) 7 as well. Sometimes it is useful to take notes while you read. I have had students who (43) 8 to underline important points, and it seemed to be just as useful as note-taking. What you should do, whether you take notes or underline, is to read actively. (44) 9. The fourth step is r
42、eview. Remember the questions that you wrote down before you read the material. You should be able to answer them now. (45) 10. Concentrate on those. Also review material that you did not consider in your questions. The last step is recite. (46) 11. SQ3R Survey, question, read, review, and recite. （
43、分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. Its now a “global village“ where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And,
44、 of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills. Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modem businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modem markets, su
45、ccess overseas often helps support domestic business efforts. Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being “out of sight and out of mind.“ He or she can be sure that the overseas e
46、ffort is central to the companys plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural co
47、nsiderations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent (普遍的). Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets. English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who
