1、大学英语四级 19 及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled How to Live a Colorful Life on Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the out line given below in Chinese: 1. 许多大学生希望自己的校园生活能够丰富多彩； 2. 有许多
2、方式可以丰富大学生活； 3. 对此你有什么建议？ （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Earthquakes What causes earthquakes? The earth is formed of layers. The surface of the earth, about 100 kilometers thick, is made of large pieces. When they move against each other, an earth quake happens, A large movement cau
3、ses a violent earthquake, but a small movement causes a mild one. Earthquakes last only a few seconds. The rolling movements are called seismic (地震的) waves. The seismic waves start in one place, called the epicenter (震中) , and roll outward. A seismic wave travels around the earth in about twenty min
4、utes. Usually, an earthquake is strong enough to cause damage only near its epicenter. However, epicenters at the bottom of the ocean create huge sea waves as tall as 15 meters. These waves cross the ocean in several hours. Rushing toward land, they destroy small islands and ships in their path. Whe
5、n they hit land, they flood coastal areas far from the epicenter of the earthquake. In 1868, a wave reached 4. 5 kilometers inland in Peru. In 1896, a wave in Japan killed 27,000 people. After an earthquake happens, people can die from lack of food, water and medical sup plies. The amount of destruc
6、tion caused by an earthquake depends on where it happens, what time it happens, and how strong it is. It also depends on types of buildings, soil conditions, and population. Of the 6,000 earthquakes in the world each year, only about fifteen cause great damage and many deaths. In 1556, an earthquake
7、 in northern China killed 830,000 people-the most in history. There was no way to measure its strength. In 1935, scientists started using the Richter Scale to measure seismic waves. A seriously destructive earthquake measures 6.5 or higher on the Richter Scale. How can scientists predict earthquakes
8、? Earthquakes are not just scattered anywhere but happen in certain areas, places where pieces of the earth s surface meet. This pattern causes them to shake the same places many times. For example, earthquakes often occur on the west coasts of North and South America, around the Mediterranean Sea,
9、and along the Pacific coast of Asia. Another way to predict earthquakes is to look for changes in the earth s surface, like a sudden drop of water level in the ground. Some people say animals can predict earthquakes. Before earthquakes, people have seen chickens sitting in trees, fish jumping out of
10、 the water, snakes leaving their holes, and other animals acting strangely. On February 4, 1975, scientists predicted an earthquake in northeastern China and told people in the earthquake zone to leave the cities. More than a million people moved into the surrounding countryside, into safe, open fie
11、lds away from buildings. That afternoon, the ground rolled and shook beneath the people s feet. In seconds, 90 percent of the buildings in the city of Haicheng were destroyed. The decision to tell the people to leave the cities saved 10,000 lives. However, more than a year later, on July 28,1976, th
12、e scientists were not so lucky. East of Beijing, Chinese scientists were discussing a possible earthquake. During their meeting, the worst earthquake in modern times hit. Estimates of deaths ranged from 250,000 to 695,000. The earthquake measured 7.9 on the Richter Scale. Earthquakes often come toge
13、ther with volcanic eruptions. In late 1984, strong earthquakes began shaking the Nevado del Ruiz volcano in the Colombia every day. On November 14,1985, it erupted. A nearby river became a sea of mud that buried four towns. This disaster killed more than 2,100 people. Mexico City has frequent earthq
14、uakes. An earthquake there on September 19,1985, measured 8.1 on the Richter Scale and killed 8,100 people. Most victims died when buildings fell on them. San Francisco, California, also has frequent earthquakes. However, newer buildings there are built to be safe in earthquakes. Therefore, when an
15、earthquake measuring 7.1 on the Richter Scale hit northern California on October 17,1989, only 67 people were killed. The earth quake hit in the afternoon, when thousands of people were driving home from work. Freeways and bridges broke and fell. Buried under the layers of the Oakland Freeway, peopl
16、e were crushed in their flattened cars. Explosions sounded like thunder as older buildings seemed to burst apart along with the freeways. As the electric power lines broke from the falling bridges and buildings, the sky, covered with huge clouds of black dust, appeared to be filled with lightening.
17、Water rushed into the streets from broken pipes and mixed with gas from broken gas lines, causing more explosions. Emergency workers had to cope with medical problems. Everyone worked together to save survivors and comfort victims. The next day, the disaster sites looked terrible. Victims couldnt fi
18、nd their houses, their cars, or even their streets. Boats were destroyed, and debris (残骸，碎片) covered the surface of the sea. There was no water, no electricity, no telephone, only the smell of garbage floating in melted ice in refrigerators open to the sun. Losses and property damage from the earthq
19、uake amounted to millions of dollars. Seismology (地震学) is the study of earthquakes, and a seismologist is a scientist who observes earthquakes. Seismologists have given us valuable knowledge about earthquakes. Their equipment measures the smallest vibration on the surface of the earth. They are tryi
20、ng to find ways to use knowledge about earthquakes to save lives and to help solve the world s energy shortage. The earth s natural activity underground creates energy in the form of heat. Geothermal means earth heat. This geothermal energy could be useful. However, if we take natural hot water out
21、of the earth in earthquake zones, we might cause earthquakes. People live in earthquake zones because of natural beauty, productive soil, and large existing centers of population. However, people who live there should expect earthquakes. They should be prepared to protect their lives and property. T
22、hey must build safer buildings and roads. Hospitals and electric power stations must be built as far as possible from probable earth quake sites. When an earthquake starts, people must run to open ground or stay in protected areas like doorways even bathtubs. If seismologists could predict earthquak
23、es, we could save about 20,000 human lives each year. Humans can control many things about nature, but we cannot control earthquakes. （分数：71.00）(1).This passage mainly tells us the damage of earthquakes and how to predict an earthquake in order to protect lives and property. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).E
24、arthquakes happen periodically in certain places. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).The strength of an earthquake is usually only large enough to cause damage near its epicenter. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).There was no way to measure strength of the earthquake that killed the most people because the Richter Scale
25、wasnt large enough to measure it. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Most earthquakes do not cause great damage and many deaths. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).The earthquake that happened on July 28,1976 caused many deaths because researches of earthquakes in China were stopped then. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Usually ear
26、thquakes measuring 6.5 or higher on the Richter Scale can cause serious destructions. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).The amount of damage caused by an earthquake depends on the place, time, strength, types of buildings, soil conditions, and _. （分数：7.10）_(9).Scientists can predict earthquakes by means of pay
27、ing attention to places where pieces of the earths surface meet or by _. （分数：7.10）_(10).When an earthquake starts, people must nm to open ground or _. （分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.The man doesnt want to see Mr. Williams.B.Mr. Jones is in an inferior position than Mr. Williams.C.
28、Mr. Jones used to be in charge.D.Mr. Williams doesnt want to do tomorrow.A.They need to make more efforts.B.Theyll have more work to do tomorrow.C.The others have done the greater part of it.D.Theyve finished more than half of it.A.She was feeling very sorry.B.She felt a bit annoyed.C.She was in a h
29、urry.D.She was in her office.A.Jane was telling a lie.B.The woman wasnt being sincere.C.Jane has already come back from Paris.D.Jane wasnt in Paris that day.A.The knife belongs to him.B.Bob should mind his own business.C.The man once borrowed Bobs knife.D.Bobs knife isnt as good as that of the man.A
30、.Hell miss the meeting that afternoon.B.Hell have an appointment with the host.C.He wont miss the meeting.D.He is very hardworking.A.Because she wont fulfill her promise.B.Because her mother would be very angry.C.Because she cant finish the job ahead of schedule.D.Because she would be the last to fi
31、nish the job.A.He always talks on the phone for that long if its toll free.B.They have so much free time to talk on the phone for that long.C.They talked on the phone for too long.D.He wants to know what they talked about.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.With a knife.B.On the edge of some metal.C.On som
32、e glass.D.On a piece of paper.A.How much the cut hurt.B.How deep the cut was.C.How easily he was cut.D.How concerned the woman was.A.The amount of skin affected by the cut.B.The cause of the cut.C.The amount of bleeding.D.The number of nerve endings irritated.A.At school.B.In a hospital.C.In a shop.
33、D.In a park.A.To help the woman make a purchase.B.To request the womans identification.C.To show the woman for a course at City College.D.To register the woman how to make out a check.A.Money.B.Money or credit cards.C.Credit cards or checks.D.Checks or money.A.She used her student ID card and a char
34、ge card.B.She used her credit card.C.She used her drivers license and her student ID card.D.She used her telephone number and her student ID card.A.Nothing but conjecture.B.Studying hard.C.Facts.D.Wisdom.A.Because Darwin had got a lot of facts.B.Because Darwin condemned the men of the churches for t
35、heir nonsense.C.Because Darwin was not a religious believer.D.Because Darwins story of the world was different from theirs.A.Man is also a kind of animal.B.There have been men for more than a million years.C.Like any other animals, man slowly changed through time.D.There were men a few million years
36、 ago.A.It takes skill.B.It pays well.C.Its a full-time job.D.Its admired worldwide.A.A mother with a baby in her arms.B.A woman whose bag is hanging in front.C.A lone female with a handbag at her right side.D.An old lady carrying a handbag on the left.A.The back pocket of his tight trousers.B.The to
37、p pocket of his jacket.C.A side pocket of his jacket.D.A side pocket of his trousers.A.Theater lobbies with uniformed security guards.B.Clothing stores where people are relaxed and off guard.C.Airports where people carry a lot of luggage.D.Hotels and restaurants in southeast London.A.Anxious and wor
38、ried.B.Proud and excited.C.Nervous and confused.D.Inspired and confident.A.His father scolded him severely.B.His father took back the six dollars.C.His father made him do the cutting again.D.His father cut the leaves himself.A.One can benefit a lot from working with his father.B.Manual laborers shou
39、ldnt be looked down upon.C.One should always do his job earnestly.D.Teenagers tend to be careless.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Its never too early to (36) 1 your skinor your childrensfrom the sun. The sun produces (37) 2 rays(38) 3 A (UVA) and B (UVB) that can cause short - and longterm skin damage. T
40、he immediate effects of harmful (39) 4(40) 5, photosensitive (41) 6, and cell and (42) 7 damageare bad enough. But (43) 8 experts believe that (44) 9. Health experts also believe that UVA may weaken the immune system. (45) 10. Using sunscreens regularly on children, for example, can reduce their ris
41、k of skin damage later in life. Sunscreens provide some protection by blocking the suns rays on the skin. They are labeled with a sun protection factor (SPF): (46) 11. But no sunscreen totally blocks the suns rays. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1
42、:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Womens education may be unusual territory for economists, but enhancing womens contribution to development is actually as much an econom
43、ic as a social issue. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives (激励), provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education. Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contri
44、bution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody elses family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and art kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school the prophecy （预言) becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle (恶
45、性循环) of neglect. An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fai
46、r chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle. Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enor
47、mous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning. （分数：177.50）(1).The author argues that educating girls in developing countries is_.（分数：35.50）A.troublesomeB.rewardingC.labor-savingD.expens
