1、大学英语四级 14 及答案解析(总分：746.59，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Functions of a University Education. You should write no more than 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese
2、below: 1. 有人认为大学教育是为就业作准备 2. 也有人持不同的意见 3. 结合自己的经历，谈谈对大学教育功能的看法 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Car Pollution Jump in the car, start your engine and youre off. But do you give any thought to whats coming out of the tailpipe as you go about your drive? Carbon dioxide is the dominant g
3、reenhouse gas that causes global warming. The effects of global warming are uncertain, but they potentially include disruption of global weather patterns and ecosystems, flooding, severe storm, and droughts. Carbon monoxide, when inhaled, combines with haemoglobin in our blood, impairing the flow of
4、 oxygen to our brain and other parts of the body. Carbon monoxide is colorless, odorless, and poisonous even to healthy people (at high levels). It can seriously affect people with heart disease, and can affect the central nervous system. Motor vehicles are the main source of carbon monoxide polluti
5、on in many countries. Sulphur oxides contribute to respiratory illness, particularly in children and the elderly, and aggravate existing heart and lung diseases. It contributes to the formation of acid rain, which damages trees, crops, and buildings; and makes soils, lakes, and streams acidic. Nitro
6、gen oxide is a noxious pollutant. It is a lung irritant and reacts with compounds in the air to cause acid rain and ozone (the main reason for smog). Nitrogen oxide is one of the main ingredients involved in the formation of ground-level ozone (which can trigger serious respiratory problems), and co
7、ntributes to global warming. Particulate matter, consisting of tiny particles of smoke, soot and dust primarily from engines, car parts, tires, and diesel exhaust, are an established cause of lung problems, from shortness of breath to worsening of respiratory and cardiovascular disease, damage to lu
8、ng tissues, and cancer. The EPA estimates that particulate pollution kills more than 60,000 people per year. In addition, particulates are associated with increased hospital ad missions and emergency room visits for people with heart and lung disease, as well as work and school absences. Particulate
9、s can travel deep into the lungs, or in smaller form, directly into the bloodstream. Hydrocarbons, in their many forms, are directly hazardous, contributing to what are collectively called “air toxics.“ These compounds directly irritate the lung and other tissues, can cause cancer, contribute to bir
10、th defects, and cause other illnesses. Lead damages organs, affects the brain, nerves, heart, and blood. Although overall blood lead levels have decreased since 1976, urban areas with high levels of traffic or industrial facilities that burn fuel may still have high lead levels in air. In 1999, ten
11、areas of the country did not meet the national health-based air quality standards for lead. Hybrid cars use less gas, and therefore produce fewer emissions, than conventional cars. Take a look at the statistics below (based on a car travelling 14,000 miles per year). A conventional car produces 11,1
12、00 pounds of CO2 per year, compared with the 4,800 pounds of CO2 produced by a hybrid car. A conventional car produces 330 pounds of carbon monoxide per year, compared with the 230 pounds produced by a hybrid car. A conventional car produces 49 pounds of nitrogen oxide per year, compared with the 17
13、 pounds produced by a hybrid car. A conventional car produces 670 grams of particulate matter per year, compared with the 240 grams produced by a hybrid car. A conventional car produces 29 pounds of hydrocarbons per year, compared with the 8 pounds produced by a hybrid car. Rolling Up Your Window Wo
14、nt Help Exposure to some car pollutants may be much higher inside your car than outside. Commuters driving in rush hour get the highest exposure, often from pollutants emitted by vehicles ahead of them. You are basically driving in and through - and contributing to - a lethal cocktail of air polluti
15、on. Other Impacts on the Environment When you think of pollution from cars, the first thing that comes to mind is noxious fumes. But the ,problems dont stop with air pollution. The environmental consequences associated with cars are much wider. Water Pollution Runoff of oil, automotive fluids, and r
16、oadway chemicals are estimated at hundreds of thousands of tons per year, and are considered the leading source of impairment to rivers. In addition, hundreds of thousands of potential leaks from underground fuel storage tanks threaten groundwater, and improperly disposed of used motor oil ends up i
17、n waterways. Noise Pollution Noise from car traffic, and loud car stereos and alarms, has become so ubiquitous that we barely notice it anymore - but its taking its toll. Recent census data indicates that 1 in 8 American households suffer from bothersome noise from the street or traffic. Problems re
18、lated to noise include hearing loss, stress, high blood pressure, sleep loss, distraction, and lost productivity, and a general reduction in the quality of life and opportunities for tranquility. Solid Waste Over 10 million automobiles are scrapped every year, creating approximately seven billion po
19、unds of unrecycled scrap and waste every year. Approximately 800 million tires are stockpiled in dumps around the country, creating a serious fire hazard and an ongoing environmental hazard. Every stockpiled tire sheds rubber each year, spewing minute grains of rubber into the atmosphere and back do
20、wn into the water supply and human lungs. Wildlife The Humane Society estimates that around a million animals die on U. S. roads every day. Agriculture Air and water pollution from vehicles compromises the growth, reproduction and over all health of plants, which are susceptible to disease, pests, a
21、nd environmental stress. It reduces agricultural yields for many economically important crops, such as soybean, wheat, and cotton. The Built-up Environment During the last century, an area roughly equal to all the arable land in Ohio, Indiana and Pennsylvania was paved in the United States - requiti
22、ng maintenance costs of over $ 200 million a day and trapping us in large, sprawling and undesirable concrete jungles. Approximately one-third of an average citys land is devoted to roads and other car-related elements. Interstate highways cut through and divide countless neighborhoods, taking homes
23、 and destroying businesses. We add more and more roads, encouraging wider use of private cars and ever-increasing traffic congestion. （分数：71.00）(1).The passage gives an insight into how the United States could develop a new transport policy for the 21st century. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Low levels of
24、carbon monoxide are not poisonous for healthy individuals. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).The use of cars creates particulate matter in different ways, rather than just one. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).In the United States, the only pollutant for which there is a national air quality standard is lead. （分数：7.10）A
25、.YB.NC.NG(5).Out of the seven pollutants mentioned in the first half of the article, hybrid cars produce fewer pollutants in at least five cases. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Noise pollution is annoying, but does not result in any physical problems for people living in noisy areas. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).
26、The United States produced higher crop harvests before roads took away land and pollution affected crops. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Pollutants from cars cause 1 , which can damage buildings and pollute rivers. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Pollutants from cars create a 1 which people in cars are most exposed to.
27、 （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Particulate matter caused by cars is still a problem after the car has been taken off the roads forever, because particles from 1 pollute the atmosphere and water. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.$240.B.$290.C.$250.D.$200.A.Doctor and patient.B.Passenger
28、 and bus driver.C.Daughter and mother.D.Customer and merchant.A.His roommate stays awake all night.B.He wants to play his recorder at night.C.The present room is too expensive.D.He needs a quieter place to live in.A.She had to agree that her husband watches the game.B.She doesnt mind her husbands wa
29、tching the game.C.She can do very much about his watching the game.D.She wants very much to watch the game herself.A.The teacher postponed the conference.B.There wont be a test this afternoon.C.The students will be attending the conference.D.The students postponed the science test themselves.A.He fe
30、els sorry for those students.B.He considers the punishment excessive.C.He thinks it good to punish the students.D.He disapproves of what the professor did.A.At the party.B.Back from the trip.C.Back at home.D.Still on the trip.A.Hell make up his mind tomorrow.B.Shirleys leaving tomorrowC.Shirley will
31、 find a way to go.D.Shirley cant attend the dance.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.They were worn out.B.They were dirty.C.They were of a dull colour.D.They were out of style.A.They were too casual.B.They were too dressy.C.They were uncomfortable.D.They were not charming enough.A.None.B.One.C.Two.D.Three
32、.A.The apartment is too far from the campus.B.The apartment needs a lot of repair work.C.Shes having trouble with the owner of the apartment.D.Her roommate wont share expenses.A.Find another apartment.B.Talk to Ms. Connors.C.Ask Sam to repair the dishwasher.D.Buy a new dishwasher for the owner.A.He
33、has some knowledge of the law.B.He had the same problem.C.He knows the owner.D.He can bring a lawsuit against the owner.A.About 4,000.B.Over 300.C.Less than 2,000.D.Over 3,000.A.English.B.Japanese.C.Spanish.D.Greek.A.Central Africa.B.South Asia.C.North America.D.South America.A.4 yearsB.5 yearsC.8 y
34、earsD.at least 9 yearsA.biologyB.chemistryC.philosophyD.medicineA.Each student must pass a national examination.B.Students who do best in the studies have a greater chance.C.They can seek to enter a number of medical schools.D.Chances to gain the entrance are many.A.A few inches above the knee.B.A l
35、ittle below the knee.C.Down to the ankle.D.Floor-length.A.Boots.B.Sneakers.C.Slippers.D.Leather shoes.A.Fashions change overtime.B.Men are thriftier than women.C.Skirts and shoes are more important than other clothing.D.Some clothing may suit all occasions.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Are you afraid t
36、o raise your hands in class, even when you know the answer? If you are, most people would say that youre shy. If you feel shy, youre not (36) 1. Nine out of ten people are at least a little shy. But however shy you are, scientific (37) 2 seems to show that it isnt your (38) 3. You must have been (39
37、) 4 that way. How do psychologists (40) 5 shyness? One way is by observation. They keep detailed (41) 6 of peoples actions-like how often these people speak to others, or how long it takes (42) 7 to say hello to a (43) 8. (44) 9. The test only takes about 10 minutes. It asks questions like “Do you l
38、ike going out a lot?“ and “Do you have many friends?“ People must answer either yes or no. (45) 10. Suppose the test tells you that is shy, chances are that the person will act shy. When scientists shyness, theyre really comparing degrees of shyness. (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空
39、项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has found that emails are automatically recorded and ca
40、n come back to haunt (困扰) you appears to be the key to the finding. Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca. New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confesse
41、d to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls. His results, to be pre
42、sented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected entailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接触) of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expe
43、cted people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication. But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the co
44、mmunica?tion could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone. People are also more likely to lie in real time in an instant message or phone call, say than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are sp
45、ontaneous(脱口而出的) responses to an unexpected demand, such as : “Do you like my dress?“ Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the tru
46、th. But given his results, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email. （分数：177.50）(1).Hancocks study focuses on_.（分数：35.50）A.the consequences of lying in various communications mediaB.the success of communications technologies in conveying ideasC.peoples preferences
47、 in selecting communications technologiesD.peoples honesty levels across a range of communications media(2).Hancocks research finding surprised those who believed that_.（分数：35.50）A.people are less likely to lie in instant messagesB.people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactionsC.people are
48、most likely to lie in email communicationD.people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations(3).According to the passage, why are people, more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication ?（分数：35.50）A.They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies.B.They believe that honesty is the best policy.C.They tend to be relaxed when using those media.D.They are most practiced at those forms of communication.(4).According to Hancock, the telephone is a preferable med
