1、大学英语四级 13及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic Choice of Friends according to the following outline (given in. Chinese). Your composition should be no less than 120 words. Remember to write your composi
2、tion on the Answer Sheet 1 clearly and neatly. 1. 有人喜欢结交与自己相类似的朋友。 2. 有人喜欢结交与自己完全不同的朋友。 3. 我的看法。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)What Are Tropical Storms? Severe storms spawned in the tropics are known by different names in different parts of the world: hurricanes in the Atlantic an
3、d east Pacific and typhoons in the northwest Pacific and cyclones in the southwest Pacific and Indian Ocean. These storms originate over tropical waters, close to the equator. If the atmosphere is calm and the water is warmer than about 27C, evaporation forces large amounts of moisture into the air,
4、 creating a low pressure system. When this water vapor condenses, it releases heat that powers the circular winds that characterize these storms. Rainfall in the developing storm releases more heat, triggering a convection process that pulls more moisture-laden air up through the centre of the syste
5、m. The storm grows via this feedback mechanism. The strongest winds are found immediately outside the centre, or “eye,“ of the hurricane at ground level. Every one of these systems begins as a tropical depression - a system of thunder storms with an overall circular motion and maximum sustained wind
6、s less than 62 km/h. When a storm becomes severe enough and the winds pick up to more than 62 km/h, it is designated a tropical storm, When the winds reach 119 km/h, the system is called a hurricane, typhoon or cyclone. An average of 10 tropical storms develop over the Atlantic Ocean each year, of w
7、hich about six become severe enough to be called hurricanes. Besides strong winds and heavy rain, these hurricanes also create a “storm surge,“ a massive wave beneath the centre of the storm. In the eye of the hurricane, air is sucked upward faster than it can rush in at the bottom. This lowers the
8、atmospheric pressure under the eye of the storm; as a result, the eye tries to pull at the ocean itself, creating a bulge of water as much as six metres high that moves together with the storm. When is the hurricane season? Hurricane season officially runs from June 1 to November 30, but the most in
9、tense storms mainly occur between mid-August and mid-October. How are hurricanes classified? Tropical storms that get strong enough to be classified as hurricanes are categorized by the intensity of their wind speeds using the Saffir-Simpson scale. Only three Category 5 hurricanes have made landfall
10、 in the U.S. in the past century one that struck the Florida Keys in 1935, Hurricane Camille in 1969, and Hurricane Andrew in 1992. How are tropical storms named? A tropical storm is given a name if its winds reach a speed of 62 kilometres per hour. An international committee has drawn up a list of
11、126 names-half male and half female which are repeated after a six-year cycle. However, if a hurricane causes extensive dam age, its name is retired from use. So far, more than 50 names have been retired, from Hazel in 1954 to Juan in 2003. Memorable hurricanes In August and September 1992, Hurrican
12、e Andrew wrought havoc across the Caribbean and Florida. Andrew was an unusual storm-after brewing for several days at low latitudes, it weakened and nearly vanished about 600 km east of Puerto Rico. But the storm regained its strength and moved northward with devastating results. Andrew left 17,000
13、 people homeless in Florida alone and destroyed or badly damaged 85,000 homes. The storm caused a record $ 26. S billion US in property damage. In 2002 Andrew, initially classified a Force 4, was upgraded to have actually been a Force 5 storm. In November 1998, Hurricane Mitch tore through Central A
14、merica, killing as many as 10,000 people and leaving two million homeless in Nicaragua and Honduras. The storms 300 km/h winds and heavy rains caused more than $ 3 billion US in damage more than half the combined gross domestic product of those two countries. Mitch also unleashed deadly landslides,
15、and caused the worst flooding in the region in 200 years. In the storms wake, with roads and infrastructure wiped out, thousands of people developed illnesses such as dengue fever, cholera and malaria. Hurricane Hugo swept across the Caribbean and the southeast U.S. in September 1989, leaving a 3,70
16、0-kilometre-long trail of destruction from Guadeloupe to the Carolinas. The storm killed at. least 28 people in the Caribbean, left up to 80,000 homeless and caused $ 2 billion US in damage. In the U. S. , it killed another 11 people and caused more than $ 750 million in damage. The storm sent giant
17、 waves crashing onto the U. S. Eastern Seaboard, with a wall of water some five metres in height washing over Charleston, S.C. In September 1996, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada, felt the wrath of Hurricane Hortense. The storm brought 120 km/h winds and caused $ 3 million in damages, mostly
18、due to flooding, wind damage and power outages. For Ontarians old enough to remember it, Hurricane Hazel was the storm of a life time-and one of the few to inflict significant damage in central Canada. Hurricane Hazel formed in early October 1954 and crossed the Caribbean and the eastern U. S. befor
19、e entering southern Ontario. The storm left as many as 1,000 dead in Haiti, six more in the Bahamas, another 95 in the U.S. and 81 in the Toronto region Tropical storms and global climate trends While tropical storms seem to follow certain natural cycles, scientists are concerned about the effects o
20、f global warming and tong-term climate change. On Sept. 15, 1999, the United Nations issued a report predicting that global warming will cause more frequent and more severe tropical storms, floods and tornadoes in the coming century. “We do know that hurricane intensity is directly correlated to how
21、 warm the ocean waters are,“ says Petersen “And if global warming continues to occur, and this results in warmer water temperatures, then well see an undeniable signal of stronger hurricanes.“ （分数：71.00）(1).The passage gives an overview of hurricanes and their history. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Hurrica
22、nes in the Atlantic are different from typhoons and cyclones in Asia. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Most tropical storms do not become hurricanes. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).There will not be another Hurricane Andrew in the foreseeable future. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Hurricane Miteh was a Force 5 storm that hit
23、 the United States. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Hurricane Hugo was weaker when it hit the United States than when it hit the Caribbean islands. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).The United Nations believes that the only way to prevent worse hurricanes is to deal with global warming. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).A 1 is on
24、e whereby water is released as rainfall, generating heat, and causes water vapour to be pulled into the storm to replace it. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Wind speeds generally fall the further you are from the 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).A 1 is a body of water pulled upwards in the centre of a hurricane. （分数：7.1
25、0）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Enjoyable.B.Moving.C.Inspiring.D.Dull.A.At 7:30.B.At 6:30.C.At 6:00.D.At 5:30.A.Six.B.Eight.C.Seven.D.Nine.A.She is satisfied.B.She is tired.C.She is impatient.D.She is happy.A.In Hong Kong.B.On the way back.C.At home.D.In the university.A.She has too
26、 many dreams.B.She doesnt put her ideas into practice.C.She likes to sleep.D.She doesnt have many good ideas.A.She is not sure Tom is joking.B.She thinks Tom wants to go into business.C.She thinks Tom may sell his shop.D.She thinks Tom has already studied in university.A.The first car they saw is to
27、o expensive.B.They may save some money for the time being.C.She is happy with the price set by the seller.D.Less money will be spent in the long run.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Shes worried about the seminar.B.The man keeps interrupting her.C.She finds it too hard.D.She lacks interest in it.A.The l
28、ecturers are boring.B.The course is poorly designed.C.She prefers Philosophy to English.D.She enjoys literature more.A.Karens friend.B.Karens parents.C.Karens lecturers.D.Karen herself.A.Changing her major.B.Spending less of her parents money.C.Getting transferred to the English Department.D.Leaving
29、 the university.A.In central London.B.Near a police station.C.By the tube station.D.On a side street.A.Green.B.Red.C.White.D.Black.A.It was stolen.B.It was given a ticket.C.She couldnt find it.D.She found it towed away by the police.A.She went to a police station nearby.B.She talked to a policeman o
30、n patrol.C.She took a taxi as a policeman advised her to do.D.She telephoned the police for help.A.Monitor students sleep patterns.B.Help students concentrate in class.C.Record students weekly performance.D.Ask students to complete a sleep report.A.Declining health.B.Lack of attention.C.Loss of moti
31、vation.D.Improper behavior.A.They should make sure their children are always punctual for school.B.They should ensure their children grow up in a healthy environment.C.They should help their children accomplish high-quality work.D.They should see to it that their children have adequate sleep.A.He to
32、ok them to watch a basketball game.B.He trained them to play European football.C.He let them compete in getting balls out of a basket.D.He taught them to play an exciting new game.A.The players found the basket too high to reach.B.The players had trouble getting the ball out of the basket.C.The play
33、ers had difficulty understanding the complex rules.D.The players soon found the game boring.A.By removing the bottom of the basket.B.By lowering the position of the basket.C.By simplifying the complex rules.D.By altering the size of the basket.A.It is not really a new one.B.It is the new one but doe
34、snt work properly.C.It is the new one but it is not nice looking.D.It is the new one but my friend doesnt like it.A.the milk went sour quicklyB.the refrigerator had an unusual smellC.she doesnt check every corner insideD.she wiped the refrigerator outA.The shop promised to change another oneB.The sh
35、op promised to repair it if you charge itC.The shop promised to repair it for free it if it broke down in the first three months.D.The shop promised to repair it for free it if it broke down in one month.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Are you afraid to raise your hands in class, even when you know the a
36、nswer? If you are, most people would say that youre shy. If you feel shy, youre not (36) 1. Nine out of ten people are at least a little shy. But however shy you are, scientific (37) 2 seems to show that it isnt your (38) 3. You must have been (39) 4 that way. How do psychologists (40) 5 shyness? On
37、e way is by observation. They keep detailed (41) 6 of peoples actions-like how often these people speak to others, or how long it takes (42) 7 to say hello to a (43) 8. (44) 9. The test only takes about 10 minutes. It asks questions like “Do you like going out a lot?“ and “Do you have many friends?“
38、 People must answer either yes or no. (45) 10. Suppose the test tells you that is shy, chances are that the person will act shy. When scientists shyness, theyre really comparing degrees of shyness. (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Read
39、ing Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)If you want to increase your odds of having a long and lively lifetime, scientists say, work on getting an average of seven or eight hours of sleep a night. If you get only six hours or less, you stand a 70 percent chance of dying before your time. Scientists are fin
40、ding that if you dont get enough sleep, you are putting yourself at increased risk of heart trouble, digestive disease, or a serious, even fatal (致命的) accident. When tired, your sight, hearing, and attention are slow to alert you to dangers-and once you are aware of them, your reactions are also slo
41、w. H. Craig Heller-a professor of biology at Stanford University-is one of a small army of scientists studying the reasons why many people can t sleep and wake refreshed, why the brain puts you to sleep, and why lack of sleep causes such powerful effects. Heller notes that most major accidents have
42、occurred in the early morning, when workers probably were still sleepy from deficient (不足的) sleep. He includes the explosion at the nuclear power plant at Chernobyl in Ukraine, the release of poisonous gas at Bhopal, India and the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania. Scientists est
43、imate that more than 100 million Americans have sleep troubles of some kind. Getting too little sleep heads the list. As many as one American in five gets fewer than six hours of sleep a night. Some people can get along on six hours, but most of us need between seven and eight-and children and young
44、 adults need up to 10 hours. As we age, it becomes more difficult to get enough sleep. At any age, however, we all can pile up a sleep deficit that eventual ly will force us to fall asleep-whether we re ready or not. （分数：177.50）(1).The word “odds“ in Line 1 of Paragraph 1 means _.（分数：35.50）A.happine
45、ssB.preferencesC.chancesD.capability(2).The author s purpose in writing this article is to _.（分数：35.50）A.inform readers of Heller s findings in his researchesB.persuade readers to get enough sleep at different agesC.show readers the importance of getting enough sleepD.tell readers how many hours of
46、sleep they should get(3).The phrase “such powerful effects“ in Line 3 of Paragraph 3 refers to _.（分数：35.50）A.the fact that many people cannot sleep and wake refreshedB.the fact that the brain puts us to sleep when we are worn outC.your sight, hearing, and attention are slow to alert you to dangersD.
47、increased risk of health problems or a serious, even deadly accident(4).Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：35.50）A.Getting too little sleep is the commonest sleep trouble with most Americans who have sleep trouble.B.At least twenty percent of Americans don t h
48、ave enough sleep every night.C.Our brains will force us to sleep when we have piled up too large a sleep deficitD.Seven or eight hours of sleep every night is enough for people of different ages.(5).It can be inferred from the passage that _.（分数：35.50）A.people of an older age are more likely to suffer from deficient sleepB.the older one becomes, the more sleep he or she will need every nightC.everyone of us needs to have seven or eight hours of sleep every nightD.even if we are tire
