1、大学英语六级综合-阅读(十四)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Smokers in the “land of the free“ are finding themselves increasingly less free to pursue their habit. New York City officials are the latest to consider banning smok
2、ing in their parks and outside spaces.The possibility of extending smokefree legislation was (1) in a public health policy document. However the mayor, Michael Bloombergwho has (2) anti-smoking programmes but is up for re-electionappeared to qualify the extent of the (3) . He wanted “to see if smoki
3、ng in parks has a (4) impact on peoples health“, the New York Times reported recently, suggesting it “might not be (5) possible to enforce a ban across thousands of acres.“Cigarette makers Phillip Morris USA did not like the idea at all. “We believe that smoking should be permitted outdoors except i
4、n very particular (6) , such as outdoor areas primarily (7) for children,“ a company spokesman said.But the ban plan from the citys health commissioner, Thomas Farley, won some backing from the councils speaker, Christine Quinn. Fines should be (8) , she said, but “conceptually, thats an idea Im ver
5、y interested in and open to.“Such bans remain (9) but are increasing, with California in the vanguard (前锋). State legislators there have (10) smoking in all state parks and on parts of beaches, two years after Los Angeles extended its existing ban on playgrounds and beaches to parks. Chicago still a
6、llows smoking in many of its parks, but bans it at beaches and playgrounds.A. occurrences B. modest C. negative D. evacuated E. championedF. circumstances G. outlined H. mild I. logistically J. designatedK. provoked L. rare M. analytically N. prohibited O. restrictions（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_
7、填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. “I cant think of a single study that hasnt found Americans getting less sleep than they oug
8、ht to.“ says Dr. David.The beginning of our sleep deficit crisis can be (1) to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal (2) from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours
9、 a night. By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced (3) , to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat on their sleep, and they dont even (4) theyre doing it,“ says Dr. David. “They think theyre okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,
10、 when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally (5) .“Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the (6) of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least (7) item on the agenda. “In our society, youre
11、considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours sleep, if you say youve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack (8) and ambition.“To assess the (9) of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them. “Weve found that if youre
12、 sleep-deprived, performance (10) ,“ says Dr. David. “Short-term memory is impaired, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.“A. consequences B. complexity C. ingenious D. dramatically E. suffersF. tracked G. realize H. expensive I. slightly J. tracedK. detaches L. vigorous M. inspirat
13、ion N. accounts O. drive（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The History of Chinese AmericansAChinese have been in the United States for almost two hundred years. In fact, the Chinese had business relat
14、ions with Hawaii prior to relations with the mainland when Hawaii was not yet part of the United States. But United States investments controlled the capital of Hawaii at that time. In 1788, a ship sailed from Guangzhou to Hawaii. Most of the crewmen were Chinese. They were considered the pioneers o
15、f Hawaii. The immigration Commission reported that the first Chinese arrived in the United States in 1820, eight in 1830 and seven hundred and eighty in 1850. The Chinese population gradually increased and reached 64,199 in 1870.BFor many years it was common in the United States to associate Chinese
16、 Americans with restaurants and laundries. People did not realize that the Chinese had been driven into these occupations by the prejudice and discrimination that faced them in this country.CThe first Chinese to reach the mainland United States came during the California Gold Rush of 1849. Like most
17、 of the other people there, they had come to search for gold. In that largely unoccupied land, the men staked a claim for themselves by placing markers in the ground. However, either because the Chinese were so different from the others or because they worked so patiently that they sometimes succeed
18、ed in turning a seemingly worthless mining claim into a profitable one, they became the scapegoats of their envious competitors. They were harassed in many ways. Often they were prevented from working their claims; some localities even passed regulations forbidding them to own claims.DThe Chinese th
19、erefore started to seek out other ways of earning a living. Some of them began to do the laundry for the white miners; others set up small restaurants. (There were almost no women in California in those days, and the Chinese filled a real need by doing this “womans work“.) Some went to work as farmh
20、ands or as fishermen.EIn the early 1860s many more Chinese arrived in California. This time the men were imported as work crews to construct the first transcontinental railroad. They were sorely needed because the work was so strenuous and dangerous, and it was carried on in such a remote part of th
21、e country that the railroad company could not find other laborers for the job. As in the case of their predecessors, these Chinese were almost all males; and like them, too, they encountered a great deal of prejudice.FThe hostility grew especially strong after the railroad project was complete, and
22、the imported laborers returned to Californiathousands of them, all out of work. Because there were so many more of them this time, these Chinese drew even more attention than the earlier group did. They were so very different in every respect: in their physical appearance, including a long “pigtail“
23、 at the back of their otherwise shaved heads; in the strange, non-Western clothes they wore; in their speech (few had learned English since they planned to go back to China); and in their religion. They were contemptuously called “heathen Chinese“ because there were many sacred images in their house
24、s of worship.GWhen times were hard, they were blamed for working for lower wages and taking jobs away from white men, who were in many cases recent immigrants themselves. Anti-Chinese riots broke out in several cities, culminating in arson and bloodshed. Chinese were barred from using the courts and
25、 also from becoming American citizens. Californians began to demand that no more Chinese be permitted to enter their state. Finally, in 1882, they persuaded Congress to pass the Chinese Exclusion Act, which stopped the immigration of Chinese laborers. Many Chinese returned to their homeland, and the
26、ir numbers declined sharply in the early part of this century.HHowever, during the World War , when China was an ally of the United States, the Exclusion laws were ended; a small number of Chinese were allowed to immigrate each year, and Chinese could become American citizens. In 1965, in a general
27、revision of our immigration laws, many more Chinese were permitted to settle here, as discrimination against Asian immigration was abolished.IFrom the start, the Chinese had lived apart in their own separate neighborhoods, which came to be known as! Chinatowns“. In each of them the residents organiz
28、ed an unofficial government to make rules for the community and to settle disputes. Unable to find jobs on the outside, many went into business for themselvesprimarily to serve their own neighborhood. As for laundries and restaurants, some of them soon spread to other parts of the city, since such s
29、ervices continued to be in demand among non-Chinese, too. To this day, certain Chinatowns, especially those of San Francisco and New York, are busy, thriving communities, which have become great attractions for tourists and for those who enjoy Chinese food.JMost of todays Chinese Americans are the d
30、escendants of some of the early miners and railroad workers. Those immigrants had come from the vicinity of Canton in Southeast China, where they had been uneducated farm laborers. The same kind of young men, from the same area and from similar humble origins, migrated to Hawaii in those days. There
31、 they fared far better, mainly because they did not encounter hostility. Some married native Hawaiians, and other brought their wives and children over. They were not restricted to Chinatown and many of them soon became successful merchants and active participants in general community affairs.KChine
32、se Americans retain many aspects of their ancient culture, even after having lived here for several generations. For Example, their family ties continue to be remarkably strong (encompassing grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins, and others). Members of the family lend each other moral support and al
33、so practical help when necessary. From a very young age children are imbued with the old values and attitudes, including respect for their elders and a feeling of responsibility to the family. This helps to explain why there is so little juvenile delinquency (少年犯罪) among them.LThe high regard for ed
34、ucation which is deeply imbedded in Chinese culture, and the willingness to work very hard to gain advancement, are other noteworthy characteristics of theirs. This explains why so many descendants of uneducated laborers have succeeded in becoming doctors, lawyers, and other professionals. (Many of
35、the most outstanding Chinese American scholars, scientists, and artists are more recent arrivals, who come from Chinas former upper class and who represent its high cultural traditions.)MChinese Americans make up only a tiny fraction of our population; there are fewer than half a million, living chi
36、efly in California, New York, and Hawaii. As American attitudes toward minorities and toward ethnic differences have changed in recent years, the long-reviled Chinese have gained wide acceptance. Today, they are generally admired for their many remarkable characteristics, and are often held up as an
37、 example worth following. And their numerous contributions to their adopted land are much appreciated.（分数：20.00）(1).The old values and attitudes imparted into the young Chinese Americans effectively help prevent juvenile delinquency.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).The construction of the transcontinental railro
38、ad was so tough and dangerous that a lot more Chinese laborers were imported to California to work as railroad builders.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).At first, the Chinese lived in separate neighborhoods and made their own roles to solve disagreement.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).The first Chinese arrived at the US in
39、the hope of searching for gold.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Chinese immigrants to Hawaii were treated without hostility, some of whom even became successful businessmen and actively participated in community affairs.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).Most Chinese Americans worked in restaurants and laundries because of loc
40、al peoples discrimination against them.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).The descendants of illiterate laborers have become successful in many professions partly because of the influence of Chinese culture which places great emphasis on education.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).Few Chinese learned English at that time becaus
41、e they wouldnt stay in America for long.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).The contributions made by Chinese to America had gained much appreciation.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).The laws which barred the immigration of Chinese laborers came to an end when America allied with China.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_七、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：20
42、.00)Get Enough Sleepor Else!A good nights sleep is more important to your health than you may realize.AMegan Jones knew she was tired. Though it had been more than 24 hours since the 25-year-old Vancouverite returned from New Zealand, she was still recovering from jet lag. Jones had left New Zealand
43、 on Thursday at 7 a.m., and after a 17-hour flight she arrived in Vancouver at 7: 25Thursday morning. She forced herself to stay awake all day, hoping to force her body into sleeping through the night.BBut getting the sleep she needed didnt prove easy, even though she hadnt slept in nearly 36 hours.
44、 “I barely slept that night,“ Jones says. The time change had completely disrupted her sleep pattern, and she wasnt rested when she woke at her usual 8 a.m.CJones wasnt aware just how tired she was until two hours later when she set off for the grocery storedriving into the lane of oncoming traffic.
45、 “Suddenly I knew something wasnt right,“ she says. “I wasnt in New Zealand anymore. I was in Canadadriving on the wrong side of the road.“ Luckily she was able to pull back into the right lane without incident. “Theres no question that not getting enough sleep can lead to difficulty in concentratin
46、g, says Dr. Jeffrey Lipsitz, medical director for the Sleep Disorders Centre of Metropolitan Toronto.DWhether the cause is jet lag, shift work, chronic insomnia, a sleep disorder or simply trying to put in extra hours at work, weve all experienced the exhaustion caused by lack of sleep. In fact, sle
47、ep is as important to a healthy lifestyle as eating properly and exercising. Studies have suggested that too little sleep may increase your risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, obesity and depression. Getting a good nights sleep is one of the simplest things you can do to stay healthy.EA good ni
48、ghts sleep means waking up rested and energized. On average, a healthy adult requires just over eight hours of sleep a night, according to Lipsitz. However, the amount of sleep it takes to achieve rejuvenation varies from person to person. “Its not a fixed number,“ says Joseph De Koninck, professor of psychology at the Universit
