1、大学英语六级真题 2010年 12月及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：142.00)1. Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My Views on University Ranking. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 目前高校排名相当盛行; 2. 对于这种做法人们看
2、法不一; 3. 在我看来 My Views on University Ranking （分数：142.00）_二、Part II Reading Comp(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Into the Unknown The world has never seen population ageing before. Can it cope? Until the early 1990s nobody much thought about whole populations getting older. The UN had the foresight to convene a “world
3、 assembly on ageing” back in 1982, but that came and went. By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something big was happening. In a report entitled “Averting the Old Age Crisis”, it argued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable. For the next ten years a succession of books,
4、mainly by Americans, sounded the alarm. They had titles like Young vs Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational Storm, and their message was blunt: health-care systems were heading for the rocks, pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and soon there would be intergenerational warfare.
5、 Since then the debate has become less emotional, not least because a lot more is known about the subject. Books, conferences and research papers have multiplied. International organisations such as the OECD and the EU issue regular reports. Population ageing is on every agenda, from G8 economic con
6、ferences to NATO summits. The World Economic Forum plans to consider the future of pensions and health care at its prestigious Davos conference early next year. The media, including this newspaper, are giving the subject extensive coverage. Whether all that attention has translated into sufficient a
7、ction is another question. Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension and health-care promises will soon become unaffordable, and many of them have embarked on reforms, but so far only timidly. That is not surprising: politicians with an eye on the next election will hardly rush to
8、introduce unpopular measures that may not bear fruit for years, perhaps decades. The outline of the changes needed is clear. To avoid fiscal (财政) meltdown, public pensions and health-care provision will have to be reined back severely and taxes may have to go up. By far the most effective method to
9、restrain pension spending is to give people the opportunity to work longer, because it increases tax revenues and reduces spending on pensions at the same time. It may even keep them alive longer. John Rother, the AARPs head of policy and strategy, points to studies showing that other things being e
10、qual, people who remain at work have lower death rates than their retired peers. Younger people today mostly accept that they will have to work for longer and that their pensions will be less generous. Employers still need to be persuaded that older workers are worth holding on to. That may be becau
11、se they have had plenty of younger ones to choose from, partly thanks to the post-war baby-boom and partly because over the past few decades many more women have entered the labour force, increasing employers choice. But the reservoir of women able and willing to take up paid work is running low, an
12、d the baby-boomers are going grey. In many countries immigrants have been filling such gaps in the labour force as have already emerged (and remember that the real shortage is still around ten years off). Immigration in the developed world is the highest it has ever been, and it is making a useful d
13、ifference. In still-fertile America it currently accounts for about 40% of total population growth, and in fast-ageing western Europe for about 90%. On the face of it, it seems the perfect solution. Many developing countries have lots of young people in need of jobs; many rich countries need helping
14、 hands that will boost tax revenues and keep up economic growth. But over the next few decades labour forces in rich countries are set to shrink so much that inflows of immigrants would have to increase enormously to compensate: to at least twice their current size in western Europes most youthful c
15、ountries, and three times in the older ones. Japan would need a large multiple of the few immigrants it has at present. Public opinion polls show that people in most rich countries already think that immigration is too high. Further big increases would be politically unfeasible. To tackle the proble
16、m of ageing populations at its root, “old” countries would have to rejuvenate (使年轻) themselves by having more of their own children. A number of them have tried, some more successfully than others. But it is not a simple matter of offering financial incentives or providing more child care. Modern ur
17、ban life in rich countries is not well adapted to large families. Women find it hard to combine family and career. They often compromise by having just one child. And if fertility in ageing countries does not pick up? It will not be the end of the world, at least not for quite a while yet, but the w
18、orld will slowly become a different place. Older societies may be less innovative and more strongly disinclined to take risks than younger ones. By 2025 at the latest, about half the voters in America and most of those in western European countries will be over 50and older people turn out to vote in
19、 much greater number than younger ones. Academic studies have found no evidence so far that older voters have used their power at the ballot box to push for policies that specifically benefit them, though if in future there are many more of them they might start doing so. Nor is there any sign of th
20、e intergenerational warfare predicted in the 1990s. After all, older people themselves mostly have families. In a recent study of parents and grown-up children in 11 European countries, Karsten Hank of Mannheim University found that 85% of them lived within 25km of each other and the majority of the
21、m were in touch at least once a week. Even so, the shift in the centre of gravity to older age groups is bound to have a profound effect on societies, not just economically and politically but in all sorts of other ways too. Richard Jackson and Neil Howe of Americas CSIS, in a thoughtful book called
22、 The Graying of the Great Powers, argue that, among other things, the ageing of the developed countries will have a number of serious security implications. For example, the shortage of young adults is likely to make countries more reluctant to commit the few they have to military service. In the de
23、cades to 2050, America will find itself playing an ever-increasing role in the developed worlds defence effort. Because Americas population will still be growing when that of most other developed countries is shrinking, America will be the only developed country that still matters geopolitically (地缘
24、政治上). Ask me in 2020 There is little that can be done to stop population ageing, so the world will have to live with it. But some of the consequences can be alleviated. Many experts now believe that given the right policies, the effects, though grave, need not be catastrophic. Most countries have re
25、cognised the need to do something and are beginning to act. But even then there is no guarantee that their efforts will work. What is happening now is historically unprecedented. Ronald Lee, director of the Centre on the Economics and Demography of Ageing at the University of California, Berkeley, p
26、uts it briefly and clearly: “We dont really know what population ageing will be like, because nobody has done it yet. “ 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1上作答。 （分数：71.00）(1). In its 1994 report, the World Bank argued that the current pension system in most countries could -|_|-. （分数：7.10）A.not be sustained in the long
27、termB.further accelerate the ageing processC.hardly halt the growth of populationD.help tide over the current ageing crisis(2).What message is conveyed in books like Young vs Old? （分数：7.10）A.The generation gap is bound to narrow.B.Intergenerational conflicts will intensify.C.The younger generation w
28、ill beat the old.D.Old people should give way to the young.(3).One reason why pension and health care reforms are slow in coming is that -|_|-. （分数：7.10）A.nobody is willing to sacrifice their own interests to tackle the problemB.most people are against measures that will not bear fruit immediatelyC.
29、the proposed reforms will affect too many peoples interestsD.politicians are afraid of losing votes in the next election(4). The author believes the most effective method to solve the pension crisis is to -|_|-. （分数：7.10）A.allow people to work longerB.cut back on health care provisionsC.increase tax
30、 revenuesD.start reforms right away(5).The reason why employers are unwilling to keep older workers is that -|_|-. （分数：7.10）A.they are generally difficult to manageB.the longer they work, the higher their pensionC.their pay is higher than that of younger onesD.younger workers are readily available(6
31、). To compensate for the fast-shrinking labour force, Japan would need -|_|-. （分数：7.10）A.to revise its current population control policyB.large numbers of immigrants from overseasC.to automate its manufacturing and service industriesD.a politically feasible policy concerning population(7).Why do man
32、y women in rich countries compromise by having only one child? （分数：7.10）A.Small families are becoming more fashionable.B.They find it hard to balance career and family.C.It is too expensive to support a large family.D.Child care is too big a problem for them.(8).Compared with younger ones, older soc
33、ieties are less inclined to 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).The predicted intergenerational warfare is unlikely because most of the older people themselves 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Countries that have a shortage of young adults will be less willing to commit them to 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Part III Listening C(总题数
34、：1，分数：56.80)A.The man is the manager of the apartment building.B.The woman is very good at bargaining.C.The woman will get the apartment refurnished.D.The man is looking for an apartment.A.How the pictures will turn out.B.What the man thinks of the shots.C.Where the botanical garden is.D.Why the pic
35、tures are not ready.A.There is no replacement for the handle.B.There is no match for the suitcase.C.The suitcase is not worth fixing.D.The suitcase can be fixed in time.A.He needs a vehicle to be used in harsh weather.B.He has a fairly large collection of quality trucks.C.He has had his truck adapte
36、d for cold temperatures.D.He does routine truck maintenance for the woman.A.She cannot stand her bosss bad temper.B.She has often been criticized by her boss.C.She has made up her mind to resign.D.She never regrets any decisions she makes.A.Look for a shirt of a more suitable color and size.B.Replac
37、e the shirt with one of some other material.C.Visit a different store for a silk or cotton shirt.D.Get a discount on the shirt she is going to buy.A.At a “Lost and Found”.B.At a trade fair.C.At a reception desk.D.At an exhibition.A.Repair it and move in.B.Convert it into a hotel.C.Pass it on to his
38、grandson.D.Sell it for a good price.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：49.70)Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.30）A.Unique descriptive skills.B.Colourful world experiences.C.Good knowledge of readers tastes.D.Careful plotting and clueing.A.A peaceful setting.B.To be in th
39、e right mood.C.A spacious room.D.To be entirely alone.A.They rely heavily on their own imagination.B.They have experiences similar to the characters.C.They look at the world in a detached manner.D.They are overwhelmed by their own prejudices.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have
40、just heard.（分数：28.40）A.Good or bad, they are there to stay.B.Like it or not, you have to use them.C.Believe it or not, they have survived.D.Gain or lose, they should be modernised.A.The frequent train delays.B.The food sold on the trains.C.The high train ticket fares.D.The monopoly of British Railwa
41、ys.A.The low efficiency of their operation.B.Competition from other modes of transport.C.Constant complaints from passengers.D.The passing of the new transport act.A.They will be de-nationalised.B.They are fast disappearing.C.They provide worse service.D.They lose a lot of money.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数
42、：71.00)Passage One Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：28.40）A.The whole Antarctic region will be submerged.B.Some polar animals will soon become extinct.C.Many coastal cities will be covered with water.D.The earth will experience extreme weathers.A.How humans are to
43、 cope with global warming.B.How unstable the West Antarctic ice sheet is.C.How vulnerable the coastal cities are.D.How polar ice impacts global weather.A.It collapsed at least once in the past 1.3 million years.B.It sits firmly on solid rock at the bottom of the ocean.C.It melted at temperatures a b
44、it higher than those of today.D.It will have little impact on sea level when it breaks up.A.The West Antarctic region was once an open ocean.B.The West Antarctic ice sheet was about 7,000 feet thick.C.The West Antarctic ice sheet was once floating ice.D.The West Antarctic region used to be warmer th
45、an today.Passage Two Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.Whether we can develop social ties on the Internet.B.Whether a deleted photo is immediately removed from the web.C.Whether our blogs can be renewed daily.D.Whether we can set up our own websites.A.The n
46、umber of visits they receiveB.The files they have collected.C.The way they store data.D.The means they use to get information.A.When the system is down.B.When the URL is reused.C.When new links are set up.D.When the server is restarted.Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you ha
47、ve just heard. （分数：21.30）A.Some iced coffees have as many calories as a hot dinner.B.Iced coffees sold by some popular chains are contaminated.C.Drinking coffee after a meal is more likely to cause obesity.D.Some brand-name coffees contain harmful substances.A.Have some fresh fruit.B.Take a hot show
48、er.C.Exercise at the gymD.Eat a hot dinner.A.They could enjoy a happier family life.B.They could greatly improve their work efficiency.C.Many cancer cases could be prevented.D.Many embarrassing situations could be avoided.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：71.50)Psychologists are finding that hope plays a surpris
49、ingly vital role in giving people a measurable advantage in realms as (36) 1 as academic achievement, bearing up in tough jobs and coping with (37) 2 illness. And, by contrast, the loss of hope is turning out to be a stronger sign that a person may (38) 3 suicide than other factors long thought to be more likely risks. “Hope has proven a powerf
