1、大学英语六级真题 2008 年 12 月及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1.掌心生理健康的重要性 2. 学校应该怎样做 3. 学生自己应该怎样做 BHow to Improve Psychological Health?/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BSupersize Surprise/BAsk anyone why there is an obesity epidemic and they will tell you that its al
2、l down to eating too much and burning too few calories. That explanation appeals to common sense and has dominated efforts to get to the root of the obesity epidemic and reverse it. Yet obesity researchers are increasingly dissatisfied with it. Many now believe that something else must have changed
3、in our environment to precipitate (促成) such dramatic rises in obesity over the past 40 years or so. Nobody is saying that the “big two“-reduced physical activity and increased availability of food-are not important contributors to the epidemic, but they cannot explain it all.Earlier this year a revi
4、ew paper by 20 obesity experts set out the 7 most plausible alternative explanations for the epidemic. Here they are.B1. Not enough sleep/BIt is widely believed that sleep is for the brain, not the body. Could a shortage of shut-eye also be helping to make us fat?Several large-scale studies suggest
5、there may be a link. People who sleep less than 7 hours a night tend to have a higher body mass index than people who sleep more, according to data gathered by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Similarly, the US Nurses Health Study, which tracked 68,000 women for 16 years, fou
6、nd that those who slept an average of 5 hours a night gained more weight during the study period than women who slept 6 hours, who in turn gained more than those who slept 7.Its well known that obesity impairs sleep, so perhaps people get fat first and sleep less afterwards. But the nurses study sug
7、gests that it can work in the other direction too: sleep loss may precipitate weight gain.Although getting figures is difficult, it appears that we really are sleeping less. In 1960 people in the US slept an average of 8.5 hours per night. A 2002 poll by the National Sleep Foundation suggests that t
8、he average has fallen to under 7 hours, and the decline is mirrored by the increase in obesity.B2. Climate control/BWe humans, like all warm-blooded animals, can keep our core body temperatures pretty much constant regardless of whats going on in the world around us. We do this by altering our metab
9、olic (新陈代谢) rate, shivering or sweating. Keeping warm and staying cool take energy unless we are in the “thermo-neutral zone“, which is increasingly where we choose to live and work.There is no denying that ambient temperatures (环境法度) have change in the past few decades. Between 1970 and 2000, the a
10、verage British home warmed from a chilly 13 to 18. In the US, the changes have been at the other end of the thermometer as the proportion of homes with air conditioning rose from 23% to 47% between 1978 and 1997. In the southern states-where obesity rates tend to be highest-the number of houses with
11、 air conditioning has shot up to 70% from 37% in 1978.Could air conditioning in summer and heating in winter really make a difference to our weight? Sadly, there is some evidence that it does-at least with regard to heating. Studies show that in comfortable temperatures we use less energy.B3. Less s
12、moking/BBad news: smokers really do tend to be thinner than the rest of us, and quitting really does pack on the pounds, though no one is sure why. It probably has something to do with the fact that nicotine (尼古本) is an appetite suppressant and appears to up your metabolic rate.Katherine Flegal and
13、colleagues at the US National Center for Health Statistics in Hyattsville, Maryland, have calculated that people kicking the habit have been responsible for a small but significant portion of the US epidemic of fatness. From data collected around 1991 by the US National Health and Nutrition Examinat
14、ion Survey, they worked out that people who had quit in the previous decade were much more likely to be overweight than smokers and people who had never smoked. Among men, for example, nearly half of quitters were overweight compared with 37% of non-smokers and only 28% of smokers.B4. Genetic effect
15、s/BYour chances of becoming fat may be set, at least in part, before you were even born. Children of obese mothers are much more likely to become obese themselves later in life. Offspring of mice fed a high-fat diet during pregnancy are much more likely to become fat than the offspring of identical
16、mice fed a normal diet. Intriguingly, the effect persists for two or three generations. Grand-children of mice fed a high-fat diet grow up fat even if their own mother is fed normally-so your fate may have been sealed even before you were conceived.B5. A little older./BSome groups of people just hap
17、pen to be fatter than others. Surveys carried out by the US National Center for Health Statistics found that adults aged 40 to 79 were around three times as likely to be obese as younger people. Non-white females also tend to fall at the fatter end of the spectrum: Mexican-American women are 30% mor
18、e likely than white women to be obsess, and black women have twice the risk.In the US, these groups account for an increasing percentage of the population. Between 1970 and 2000 the US population aged 35 to 44 grew by 43%. The proportion of Hispanic-Americans also grew, from under 5% to 12.5% of the
19、 population, while the proportion of black Americans increased from 11% to 12.3%. These changes may account in part for the increased prevalence of obesity.B6. Mature mums/BMothers around the world are getting older. In the UK, the mean age for having a first child is 27.3, compared with 23.7 in 197
20、0. Mean age at first birth in the US has also increased, rising from 21.4 in 1970 to 24.9 in 2000.This would be neither here nor there if it werent for the observation that having an older mother seems to be an independent risk factor for obesity. Results from the US National Heart, Lung and Blood I
21、nstitutes study found that the odds of a child being obese increase about 14% for every five extra years of their mothers age, though why this should be so is not entirely clear.Michael Symonds at the University of Nottingham, UK, found that first-born children have more fat than younger ones. As fa
22、mily size decreases, firstborns account for a greater share of the population. In 1964, British women gave birth to an average of 2.95 children; by 2005 that figure had fallen to 1.79. In the US in 1976, 9.6% of woman in their 40s had only one child; in 2004 it was 17.4%. This combination of older m
23、others and more single children could be contributing to the obesity epidemic.B7. Like marrying like/BJust as people pair off according to looks, so they do for size. Lean people are more likely to marry lean and fat more likely to marry fat. On its own, like marrying like cannot account for any inc
24、rease in obesity. But combined with others- particularly the fact that obesity is partly genetic, and that heavier people have more children-it amplifies the increase from other causes.（分数：70.00）(1).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：7.00）A.Effects of obesity on peoples health.B.The link between l
25、ifestyle and obesity.C.New explanations for the obesity epidemic.D.Possible ways to combat the obesity epidemic.(2).In the US Nurses Health Study, women who slept an average of 7 hours a night _ .（分数：7.00）A.gained the least weightB.were inclined to eat lessC.found their vigor enhancedD.were less sus
26、ceptible to illness(3).The popular belief about obesity is that _ .（分数：7.00）A.it makes us sleepyB.it causes sleep lossC.it increases our appetiteD.it results from lack of sleep(4).How does indoor heating affect our life?（分数：7.00）A.It makes us stay indoors more.B.It accelerates our metabolic rate.C.I
27、t makes us feel more energetic.D.It contributes to our weight gain.(5).What does the author say about the effect of nicotine on smokers?（分数：7.00）A.It threatens their health.B.It heightens their spirits.C.It suppresses their appetite.D.It slows down their metabolism.(6).Who are most likely to be over
28、weight according to Katherine Flegals study?（分数：7.00）A.Heavy smokers.B.Passive smokers.C.Those who never smoked.D.Those who quit smoking.(7).According to the US National Center for Health Statistics, the increased obesity in the US is a result of _ .（分数：7.00）A.the growing number of smokers among you
29、ng peopleB.the rising proportion of minorities in its populationC.the increasing consumption of high-calorie foodsD.the improving living standards of the poor people(8).According to the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the reason why older mothers children tend to be obese remains _ .（分数
30、：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to Michael Symonds, one factor contributing to the obesity epidemic is decrease of _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).When two heavy people get married, chances of their children getting fat increase, because obesity is _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)BQuestions 1
31、1 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：56.00）A.He is quite easy to recognize.B.He is an outstanding speaker.C.He looks like a movie star.D.He looks young for his age.A.Consult her dancing teacher.B.Take a more interesting class.C.Continue her dancing class.D.Improve her danc
32、ing skills.A.The man did not believe what the woman said.B.The man accompanied the woman to the hospital.C.The woman may be suffering from repetitive strain injury.D.The woman may not have followed the doctors instructions.A.They are not in style any more.B.They have cost him far too much.C.They no
33、longer suit his eyesight.D.They should be cleaned regularly.A.He spilled his drink onto the floor.B.He has just finished wiping the floor.C.He was caught in a shower on his way home.D.He rushed out of the bath to answer the phone.A.Fixing some furniture.B.Repairing the toy train.C.Reading the instru
34、ctions.D.Assembling the bookcase.A.Urge Jenny to spend more time on study.B.Help Jenny to prepare for the coming exams.C.Act towards Jenny in a more sensible way.D.Send Jenny to a volleyball training center.A.The building of the dam needs a large budget.B.The proposed site is near the residential ar
35、ea.C.The local people feel insecure about the dam.D.The dam poses a threat to the local environment.BQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.It saw the end of its booming years worldwide.B.Its production and sales reached record levels.C.It became popular i
36、n some foreign countries.D.Its domestic market started to shrink rapidly.A.They cost less.B.They tasted better.C.They were in fashion.D.They were widely advertised.A.It is sure to fluctuate.B.It is bound to revive.C.It will remain basically stable.D.It will see no more monopoly.BQuestions 22 to 25 a
37、re based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Organising protests.B.Recruiting members.C.Acting as its spokesman.D.Saving endangered animals.A.Anti-animal-abuse demonstrations.B.Surveying the Atlantic Ocean floor.C.Anti-nuclear campaigns.D.Removing industrial waste.A.By harassing th
38、em.B.By appealing to the public.C.By taking legal action.D.By resorting to force.A.Doubtful.B.Reserved.C.Indifferent.D.Supportive.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.The air becomes still.B.The air pressure is low.C.
39、The clouds block the sun.D.The sky appears brighter.A.Ancient people were better at foretelling the weather.B.Sailors sayings about the weather are unreliable.C.People knew long ago how to predict the weather.D.It was easier to forecast the weather in the old days.A.Weather forecast is getting more
40、accurate today.B.People can predict the weather by their senses.C.Who are the real experts in weather forecast.D.Weather changes affect peoples life remarkably.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.They often feel insecure about their jobs.B.They a
41、re unable to decide what to do first.C.They are incompetent to fulfill their responsibilities.D.They feel burdened with numerous tasks every day.A.Analyze them rationally.B.Draw a detailed to-do list.C.Tm to others for help.D.Handle them one by one.A.They have accomplished little.B.They feel utterly
42、 exhausted.C.They have worked out a way to relax.D.They no longer feel any sense of guilt.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Their performance may improve.B.Their immune system may be reinforcedC.Their blood pressure may rise all of a sudden.D
43、.Their physical development may be enhanced.A.Improved mental functioning.B.Increased susceptibility to disease.C.Speeding up of blood circulation.D.Reduction of stress-related hormones.A.Pretend to be in better shape.B.Have more physical exercise.C.Turn more often to friends for help.D.Pay more att
44、ention to bodily sensations.A.Different approaches to coping with stress.B.Various causes for serious health problems.C.The relationship between stress and illness.D.New finding of medical research on stress.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)One of the most common images of an advanced, Western-style cu
45、lture is that of a busy, traffic-filled city. Since their firstU (36) /Uon American roadways, automobiles have become aU (37) /Uof progress, a source of thousands of jobs, and an almost inalienable right for citizens personal freedom of movement. In recentU (38) /Uour “love affair“ with the car is b
46、eingU (39) /Udirectly to the developing world and it is increasinglyU (40) /Uthat this transfer is leading to disaster.Americas almost complete dependence on automobiles has been a terrible mistake. As late as the 1950s, a largeU (41) /Uof the American public used mass transit. AU (42) /Uof public p
47、olicy decisions and corporate scheming saw to it that countlessU (43) /Uand efficient urban streetcar and intra-city rail systems were dismantled (拆除).U (44) /U. Our lives have been planned along a road grid-homes far from work, shopping far from everything, with ugly stretches of concrete and black
48、top in between.Developing countries are copying Western-style transportation systems down to the last detail.U (45) /U. Pollution-control measures are either not strict or nonexistent, leading to choking clouds of smog. Gasoline still contains lead, which is extremely poisonous to humans.U (46) /U. In addition to pollution and traffic jams, auto safety is a critical issue in developing nations.（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_
