1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）-试卷 221及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Section C（分数：10.00）_Technology can make us smarter or stupider, and we need to develop a set of principles to guide our everyday behavior and make sure that tech is impro
2、ving and not hindering our mental processes. One of the big questions being debated today is: what kind of information do we need to have stored in our heads, and what kind can we leave “in the cloud,“ to be accessed as necessary? An increasingly powerful group within education are championing “digi
3、tal literacy“. In their view, skills beat knowledge, developing “digital literacy“ is more important than learning mere content, and all facts are now Google-able and therefore unworthy of committing to memory. But even the most sophisticated digital literacy skills wont help students and workers na
4、vigate the world if they dont have a broad base of knowledge about how the world actually operates. If you focus on the delivery mechanism and not the content, youre doing kids a disservice. Indeed, evidence from cognitive science challenges the notion that skills can exist independent of factual kn
5、owledge. Data from the last thirty years leads to a conclusion that is not scientifically challengeable; thinking well requires knowing facts, and thats true not only because you need something to think about. The very processes that teachers care about mostcritical thinking processesare intimately
6、intertwined (交织) with factual knowledge that is stored in long-term memory. In other words, just because you can Google the date of Black Tuesday doesnt mean you understand why the Great Depression happened or how it compares to our recent economic slump. There is no doubt that the students of today
7、, and the workers of tomorrow, will need to innovate, collaborate and evaluate. But such skills cant be separated from the knowledge that gives rise to them. To innovate, you have to know what came before. To collaborate, you have to contribute knowledge to the joint venture. And to evaluate, you ha
8、ve to compare new information against knowledge youve already mastered. So heres a principle for thinking in a digital world, in two parts. First, acquire a base of factual knowledge in any domain in which you want to perform well. This base supplies the essential foundation for building skills, and
9、 it cant be outsourced(外包) to a search engine. Second, take advantage of computers invariable memory, but also the brains elaborative memory. Computers are great when you want to store information that shouldnt change. But brains are the superior choice when you want information to change, in intere
10、sting and useful ways: to connect up with other facts and ideas, to acquire successive layers of meaning, to steep for a while in your accumulated knowledge and experience and so produce a richer mental brew.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the authors concern about the use of technology?（分数：2.00）A.It may leav
11、e knowledge “in the cloud“.B.It may misguide our everyday behavior.C.It may cause a divide in the circles of education.D.It may hinder the development of thinking skills.(2).What is the view of educators who advocate digital literacy?（分数：2.00）A.It helps kids to navigate the virtual world at will.B.I
12、t helps kids to broaden their scope of knowledge.C.It increases kids efficiency of acquiring knowledge.D.It liberates kids from the burden of memorizing facts.(3).What does evidence from cognitive science show?（分数：2.00）A.Knowledge is better kept in long-term memory.B.Critical thinking is based on fa
13、ctual knowledge.C.Study skills are essential to knowledge acquisition.D.Critical thinking means challenging existing facts.(4).What does the author think is key to making evaluations?（分数：2.00）A.Gathering enough evidence before drawing conclusions.B.Mastering the basic rules and principles for evalua
14、tion.C.Connecting new information with ones accumulated knowledge.D.Understanding both what has happened and why it has happened.(5).What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?（分数：2.00）A.To warn against learning through memorizing facts.B.To promote educational reform in the information age.
15、C.To explain human brains function in storing information.D.To challenge the prevailing overemphasis on digital literacy.Americas recent history has been a persistent tilt to the Westof people, ideas, commerce and even political power. California and Texas are the twin poles of the West, but very di
16、fferent ones. For most of the 20th century the home of Silicon Valley and Hollywood has been the brainier and trendier of the two. Texas has trailed behind: its stereotype has been a conservative Christian in cowboy boots. But twins can change places. Is that happening now? It is easy to find eviden
17、ce that California is in a panic. At the start of this month the once golden state started paying creditors in IOUs(欠条). The gap between projected outgoings and income for the current fiscal (财政的) year has leapt to a horrible $ 26 billion. With no sign of a new budget to close this gulf, one credit
18、agency has already downgraded Californias debt. As budgets are cut, universities will let in fewer students, prisoners will be released early and schemes to protect the vulnerable will be rolled back. By contrast, Texas has coped well with the recession, with an unemployment rate two points below th
19、e national average and one of the lowest rates of housing repossession. In part this is because Texan banks, hard hit in the last property bust, did not overexpand this time. Texas also clearly offers a different model, based on small government. It has no state capital-gains or income tax, and a bu
20、siness-friendly and immigrant-tolerant attitude. It is home to more Fortune 500 companies than any other state. Despite all this, it still seems too early to hand over Americas future to Texas. To begin with, that lean Texan model has its own problems. It has not invested enough in education, and ma
21、ny experts rightly worry about a “lost generation“ of mostly Hispanic Texans with insufficient skills for the demands of the knowledge economy. Second, it has never paid to bet against a state with as many inventive people as California. Even if Hollywood has gone into depression, it still boasts an
22、 unequalled array of sunrise industries and the most brisk venture-capital industry on the planet. The state also has an awesome ability to reinvent itselfas it did when its defence industry collapsed at the end of the cold war. The truth is that both states could learn from each other. Texas still
23、lacks Californias great universities and lags in terms of culture. California could adopt not just Texass leaner state, but also its more bipartisan(两党的) approach to politics. There is no perfect model of government: it is Americas genius to have 50 public-policy laboratories competing to find out w
24、hat works best.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the author say about California and Texas in Paragraph 1?（分数：2.00）A.They have been competing for the leading position.B.California has been superior to Texas in many ways.C.They are both models of development for other states.D.Texass cowboy culture is less kno
25、wn than Californias.(2).What does the author say about todays California?（分数：2.00）A.Its debts are pushing it into bankruptcy.B.Its budgets have been cut by $ 26 billion.C.It is faced with a serious financial crisis.D.It is trying hard to protect the vulnerable.(3).In what way is Texas different from
26、 California?（分数：2.00）A.It practices small government.B.It is home to traditional industries.C.It has a large Hispanic population.D.It has an enviable welfare system.(4).What problem is Texas confronted with?（分数：2.00）A.Its Hispanic population is mostly illiterate.B.Its sunrise industries are shrinkin
27、g rapidly.C.Its education cannot meet the needs of the knowledge economy.D.Its immigrants have a hard time adapting to its cowboy culture.(5).What do we learn about American politics from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Each state has its own way of governing.B.Most states favor a bipartisan approach.C.Parti
28、es collaborate in drawing public policies.D.All states believe in government for the people.“Deep reading“as opposed to the often superficial reading we do on the Webis an endangered practice, one we ought to take steps to preserve as we would a historic building or a significant work of art. Its di
29、sappearance would jeopardize the intellectual and emotional development of generations growing up online, as well as the preservation of a critical part of our culture: the novels, poems and other kinds of literature that can be appreciated only by readers whose brains, quite literally, have been tr
30、ained to understand them. Recent research in cognitive science and psychology has demonstrated that deep readingslow, immersive, rich in sensory detail and emotional and moral complexityis a distinctive experience, different in kind from the mere decoding of words. Although deep reading does not, st
31、rictly speaking, require a conventional book, the built-in limits of the printed page are uniquely helpful to the deep reading experience. A books lack of hyperlinks(超链接) , for example, frees the reader from making decisionsShould I click on this link or not? allowing her to remain fully immersed in
32、 the narrative. That immersion is supported by the way the brain handles language rich in detail, indirect reference and figures of speech: by creating a mental representation that draws on the same brain regions that would be active if the scene were unfolding in real life. The emotional situations
33、 and moral dilemmas that are the stuff of literature are also vigorous exercise for the brain, propelling us inside the heads of fictional characters and even, studies suggest, increasing our real-life capacity for empathy (认同) . None of this is likely to happen when were browsing through a website.
34、 Although we call the activity by the same name, the deep reading of books and the information-driven reading we do on the Web are very different, both in the experience they produce and in the capacities they develop. A growing body of evidence suggests that online reading may be less engaging and
35、less satisfying, even for the “digital natives“ to whom it is so familiar. Last month, for example, Britains National Literacy Trust released the results of a study of 34,910 young people aged 8 to 16. Researchers reported that 39% of children and teens read daily using electronic devices, but only
36、28% read printed materials every day. Those who read only onscreen were three times less likely to say they enjoy reading very much and a third less likely to have a favorite book. The study also found that young people who read daily only onscreen were nearly two times less likely to be above-avera
37、ge readers than those who read daily in print or both in print and onscreen.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the author say about “deep reading“ ?（分数：2.00）A.It serves as a complement to online reading.B.It should be preserved before it is too late.C.It is mainly suitable for reading literature.D.It is an ind
38、ispensable part of education.(2).Why does the author advocate the reading of literature?（分数：2.00）A.It helps promote readers intellectual and emotional growth.B.It enables readers to appreciate the complexity of language.C.It helps readers build up immersive reading habits.D.It is quickly becoming an
39、 endangered practice.(3).In what way does printed-page reading differ from online reading?（分数：2.00）A.It ensures the readers cognitive growth.B.It enables the reader to be fully engaged.C.It activates a different region of the brain.D.It helps the reader learn rhetorical devices.(4).What do the studi
40、es show about online reading?（分数：2.00）A.It gradually impairs ones eyesight.B.It keeps arousing readers curiosity.C.It provides up-to-date information.D.It renders reading less enjoyable.(5).What do we learn from the study released by Britains National Literacy Trust?（分数：2.00）A.Onscreen readers may b
41、e less competent readers.B.Those who do reading in print are less informed.C.Young people find reading onscreen more enjoyable.D.It is now easier to find a favorite book online to read.Many current discussions of immigration issues talk about immigrants in general, as if they were abstract people in
42、 an abstract world. But the concrete differences between immigrants from different countries affect whether their coming here is good or bad for the American people.The very thought of formulating immigration laws from the standpoint of what is best for the American people seems to have been forgott
43、en by many who focus on how to solve the problems of illegal immigration. It is hard to look for “the ideal outcome“ on immigration in the abstract. Economics professor Milton Friedman once said, “The best is the enemy of the good,“ which to me meant that attempts to achieve an unattainable ideal ca
44、n prevent us from reaching good outcomes that are possible in practice. Too much of our current immigration controversy is conducted in terms of abstract ideals, such as “We are a nation of immigrants.“ Of course we are a nation of immigrants. But we are also a nation of people who wear shoes. Does
45、it follow that we should admit anybody who wears shoes? The immigrants of today are very different from those who arrived here a hundred years ago. Moreover, the society in which they arrive is different. To me, it is better to build a wall around the welfare state than the country. But the welfare
46、state is already hereand, Jar from having a wall built around it, the welfare state is expanding in all directions. We do not have a choice between the welfare state and open borders. Anything we try to do as regards immigration laws has to be done in the context of a huge welfare state that is alre
47、ady a major, inescapable fact of life. Among other facts of life utterly ignored by many advocates of de facto amnesty(事实上的大赦) is that the free international movement of people is different from free international trade in goods. Buying cars or cameras from other countries is not the same as admitti
48、ng people from those countries or any other countries. Unlike inanimate objects, people have cultures and not all cultures are compatible with the culture in this country that has produced such benefits for the American people for so long. Not only the United States, but the Western world in general
49、, has been discovering the hard way that admitting people with incompatible cultures is an irreversible decision with incalculable consequences. If we do not see that after recent terrorist attacks on the streets of Boston and London, when will we see it? “Comprehensive immigration reform“ means doing everything all together in a rush, without time to look before we leap, an
