1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）-试卷 220及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Section C（分数：10.00）_International governments inaction concerning sustainable development is clearly worrying but the proactive (主动出击的) approaches of some leading-edge co
2、mpanies are encouraging. Toyota, Wal-Mart, DuPont, M that data is a transparent and reliable lens that allows us to filter out emotionalism and ideology; that data will help us do remarkable thingslike foretell the future. Over the next year, Im hoping to get a better grip on some of the questions r
3、aised by the data revolution: in what situations should we rely on intuitive pattern recognition and in which situations should we ignore intuition and follow the data? What kinds of events are predictable using statistical analysis and what sorts of events are not? I confess I enter this in a skept
4、ical frame of mind, believing that we tend to get carried away in our desire to reduce everything to the quantifiable. But at the outset let me celebrate two things data does really well. First, its really good at exposing when our intuitive view of reality is wrong. For example, nearly every person
5、 who runs for political office has an intuitive sense that they can powerfully influence their odds of winning the election if they can just raise and spend more money. But this is largely wrong. After the 2006 election, Scan Trende constructed a graph comparing the incumbent (在任者的) campaign spendin
6、g advantages with their eventual margins of victory. There was barely any relationship between more spending and a bigger victory. Likewise, many teachers have an intuitive sense that different students have different learning styles: some are verbal and some are visual; some are linear, some are ho
7、listic(整体的). Teachers imagine they will improve outcomes if they tailor their presentations to each student. But theres no evidence to support this either. Second, data can illuminate patterns of behavior we havent yet noticed. For example, Ive always assumed people who frequently use words like “I,
8、“ “me,“ and “mine“ are probably more self-centered than people who dont. But as James Pennebaker of the University of Texas notes in his book, The Secret Life of Pronouns, when people are feeling confident, they are focused on the task at hand, not on themselves. High-status, confident people use fe
9、wer “I“ words, not more. Our brains often dont notice subtle verbal patterns, but Pennebakers computers can. Younger writers use more negative and past-tense words than older writers who use more positive and future-tense words. In sum, the data revolution is giving us wonderful ways to understand t
10、he present and the past. Will it transform our ability to predict and make decisions about the future? Well see.（分数：10.00）(1).What do data-ists assume they can do?（分数：2.00）A.Transform peoples cultural identity.B.Change the way future events unfold.C.Get a firm grip on the most important issues.D.Eli
11、minate emotional and ideological bias.(2).What do people running for political office think they can do?（分数：2.00）A.Use data analysis to predict the election result.B.Win the election if they can raise enough funds.C.Manipulate public opinion with favorable data.D.Increase the chances of winning by f
12、oul means.(3).Why do many teachers favor the idea of tailoring their presentations to different students?（分数：2.00）A.They think students prefer flexible teaching methods.B.They will be able to try different approaches.C.They believe students learning styles vary.D.They can accommodate students with s
13、pecial needs.(4).What does James Pennebaker reveal in The Secret Life of Pronouns!（分数：2.00）A.The importance of using pronouns properly.B.Repeated use of first-person pronouns by self-centered people.C.Frequent use of pronouns and future tense by young people.D.A pattern in confident peoples use of p
14、ronouns.(5).Why is the author skeptical of the data revolution?（分数：2.00）A.Data may not be easily accessible.B.Errors may occur with large data samples.C.Data cannot always do what we imagine it can.D.Some data may turn out to be outdated.Texting has long been bemoaned (哀叹) as the downfall of the wri
15、tten word, “penmanship for illiterates,“ as one critic called it. To which the proper response is LOL. Texting properly isnt writing at all. Its a “ spoken“ language that is getting richer and more complex by the year. First, some historical perspective. Writing was only invented 5,500 years ago, wh
16、ereas language probably traces back at least 80,000 years. Thus talking came first; writing is just a craft that came along later. As such, the first writing was based on the way people talk, with short sentences. However, while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and sl
17、ow. Over time, writers took advantage of this and started crafting long-winded sentences such as this one: “The whole engagement lasted above 12 hours, till the gradual retreat of the Persians was changed into a disorderly flight, of which the shameful example was given by the principal leaders and.
18、“ No one talks like that casuallyor should. But it is natural to desire to do so for special occasions. In the old days, we didnt much write like talking because there was no mechanism to reproduce the speed of conversation. But texting and instant messaging doand a revolution has begun. It involves
19、 the crude mechanics of writing, but in its economy, spontaneity and even vulgarity, texting is actually a new kind of talking, with its own kind of grammar and conventions. Take LOL. It doesnt actually mean “laughing out loud“ in a literal sense anymore. LOL has evolved into something much subtler
20、and sophisticated and is used even when nothing is remotely amusing. Jocelyn texts “Where have you been?“ and Annabelle texts back “LOL at the library studying for two hours.“ LOL signals basic empathy (同感) between texters, easing tension and creating a sense of equality. Instead of having a literal
21、 meaning, it does somethingconveying an attitudejust like the-ed ending conveys past tense rather than “meaning“ anything. LOL, of all things, is grammar. Of course no one thinks about that consciously. But then most of communication operates without being noticed. Over time, the meaning of a word o
22、r an expression driftsmeat used to mean any kind of food, silly used to mean, believe it or not, blessed. Civilization, then, is finepeople banging away on their smartphones are fluently using a code separate from the one they use in actual writing, and there is no evidence that texting is ruining c
23、omposition skills. Worldwide people speak differently from the way they write, and textingquick, casual and only intended to be read onceis actually a way of talking with your fingers.（分数：10.00）(1).What do critics say about texting?（分数：2.00）A.It is mainly confined to youngsters.B.It competes with tr
24、aditional writing.C.It will ruin the written language.D.It is often hard to understand.(2).In what way does the author say writing is different from talking?（分数：2.00）A.It is crafted with specific skills.B.It expresses ideas more accurately.C.It does not have as long a history.D.It is not as easy to
25、comprehend.(3).Why is LOL much used in texting?（分数：2.00）A.It brings texters closer to each other.B.It shows the texters sophistication.C.It is a trendy way to communicate.D.It adds to the humor of the text.(4).Examples like meat and silly are cited to show_.（分数：2.00）A.the difference between writing
26、and talkingB.how differently words are used in textingC.why people use the words the way they doD.the gradual change of word meaning(5).What does the author think of texting?（分数：2.00）A.It facilitates exchange of ideas among people.B.It is a new form of verbal communication.C.It deteriorates peoples
27、composition skills.D.It hastens the decline of the written word.Its possible to admire Oprah Winfrey and still wish Harvard hadnt awarded her an honorary doctor of law degree and the commencement (毕业典礼) speaker spot at yesterdays graduation. Theres no question Oprahs achievements place her in the te
28、mple of American success stories. Talent, charm, and an exceptional work ethic have rarely hurled anyone as far as they have this former abused teenage mother from rural Mississippi who became one of the worlds most successful entertainment icons and the first African-American female billionaire. Ho
29、norary degrees are often conferred on non-academic leaders in the arts, business, and politics. Harvards list in recent years has included Kofi Annan, Bill Gates, Meryl Streep, and David Souter. But Oprahs particular brand of celebrity is not a good fit for the values of a university whose motto (座右
30、铭), Veritas, means truth. Oprahs passionate advocacy extends, unfortunately, to a hearty embrace of fake science. Most notoriously, Oprahs validation of Jenny McCarthys claim that vaccines cause autism(自闭症) has no doubt contributed to much harm through the foolish avoidance of vaccines. Famous peopl
31、e are entitled to a few failings, like the rest of us, and the choice of commencement speakers often reflects a balance of institutional priorities and aspirations. Judging from our conversations with many students, Oprah was a widely popular choice. But this vote of confidence in Oprah sends a trou
32、bling message at precisely the time when American universities need to do more to advance the cause of reason. As former Dean of Harvard College, Harry Lewis, noted in a blog post about his objections, “It seems very odd for Harvard to honor such a high profile popularizer of the irrational. at a ti
33、me when political and religious nonsense so jeopardize the rule of reason in this allegedly enlightened democracy and around the world.“ As Americas oldest and most visible university, Harvard has a special opportunity to convey its respect for science not only through its research and teaching prog
34、rams but also in its public affirmation of evidence-based inquiry. Unfortunately, many American universities seem awfully busy protecting their brand name and not nearly busy enough protecting the pursuit of knowledge. A recent article in The Harvard Crimson noted the shocking growth of Harvards pub
35、lic relations arm in the last five years and it questioned whether a focus on risk management and avoiding controversy was really the best outward-looking face of this great institution. As American research universities begin to resemble profit centers and entertainment complexes, its easy to lose
36、sight of their primary mission: to produce and spread knowledge. This mission depends on traditions of rational discourse and vigorous defense of the scientific method. Oprah Winfreys honorary doctorate was a step in the wrong direction.（分数：10.00）(1).What do we learn about Oprah Winfrey from the pas
37、sage?（分数：2.00）A.She was a distinguished graduate of Harvard School of Law.B.She worked her way to success in the entertainment industry.C.She used to abuse her children when she was a young mother.D.She achieved her fame through persistent advocacy of fake science.(2).Why does the author deem it ina
38、ppropriate for Harvard to confer an honorary degree on Oprah Winfrey?（分数：2.00）A.She did not specialize in the study of law.B.She was known as a supporter of fake science.C.She was an icon of the entertainment industry.D.She had not distinguished herself academically.(3).How did Harry Lewis react to
39、Harvards decision in his blog post?（分数：2.00）A.He was strongly against it.B.He considered it unpopular.C.He thought it would help enhance Harvards reputation.D.He thought it represented the will of the Harvard community.(4).What is the authors regret about many American universities?（分数：2.00）A.They s
40、how inadequate respect for evidence -based inquiry.B.They fall short of expectations in teaching and research.C.They attach too much importance to public relations.D.They are tolerant of political and religious nonsense.(5).What does the author think a prestigious university like Harvard should focu
41、s on?（分数：2.00）A.Cultivation of student creativity.B.Defense of the scientific method.C.Liberation of the human mind.D.Pursuit of knowledge and truth.大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）-试卷 220答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Section C（分数：10.00）
42、_解析：International governments inaction concerning sustainable development is clearly worrying but the proactive (主动出击的) approaches of some leading-edge companies are encouraging. Toyota, Wal-Mart, DuPont, M that data is a transparent and reliable lens that allows us to filter out emotionalism and id
43、eology; that data will help us do remarkable thingslike foretell the future. Over the next year, Im hoping to get a better grip on some of the questions raised by the data revolution: in what situations should we rely on intuitive pattern recognition and in which situations should we ignore intuitio
44、n and follow the data? What kinds of events are predictable using statistical analysis and what sorts of events are not? I confess I enter this in a skeptical frame of mind, believing that we tend to get carried away in our desire to reduce everything to the quantifiable. But at the outset let me ce
45、lebrate two things data does really well. First, its really good at exposing when our intuitive view of reality is wrong. For example, nearly every person who runs for political office has an intuitive sense that they can powerfully influence their odds of winning the election if they can just raise
46、 and spend more money. But this is largely wrong. After the 2006 election, Scan Trende constructed a graph comparing the incumbent (在任者的) campaign spending advantages with their eventual margins of victory. There was barely any relationship between more spending and a bigger victory. Likewise, many
47、teachers have an intuitive sense that different students have different learning styles: some are verbal and some are visual; some are linear, some are holistic(整体的). Teachers imagine they will improve outcomes if they tailor their presentations to each student. But theres no evidence to support thi
48、s either. Second, data can illuminate patterns of behavior we havent yet noticed. For example, Ive always assumed people who frequently use words like “I,“ “me,“ and “mine“ are probably more self-centered than people who dont. But as James Pennebaker of the University of Texas notes in his book, The Secret Life of Pronouns, when people are feeling confident, they are focused on the task at hand, not on themselves. High-status, confident people use fewer “I“ words, not more
