1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）-试卷 218及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension_2.Section A_One lunchtime, May Ward was doing her shopping in a local supermarket, when she suddenly slipped and fell. She was badly shaken and bruised but 1nothing serious resulted.
2、 It turned out that she has slipped on some ice-cream which had been spilled on the floor. Two weeks later she wrote to the firm to claim compensation. She asserted that they had been negligent and 2in not keeping the floor clean. The firm denied it and 3that they had a proper system and 4for keepin
3、g the floor clean. Since Mrs. Ward felt that she was 5to compensation, she sued the firm in the Law Courts. Here the firm claimed that it did not follow, just because someone has slipped on the floor, that they must have been negligent carrying out their duties. They said that unless the customer co
4、uld prove how the ice-cream came to be on the floor, and how long it had been left there before the accident happened, she had not made out a proper 6against them. But the judge took a different view. He said that the accident would not have happened at all if the firm had taken 7care. It was up to
5、the firm, he said, to provide 8, that the accident did not 9from any negligence on their part. They would 10be in a better position than the customer to establish how long the ice-cream had been spilt and explain the circumstances to the Courts. The final result was that Mrs. Ward received 137 as pa
6、yment for damages. A)reasonable B)obviously C)evidence D)case E)innocent F)inconvenience G)derive H)maintained I)entitled J)arise K)careless L)unexpectedly M)determine N)fortunately O)instructions（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_4.Section B_How to Love
7、the World As It Is? AIt struck me recently that a lot of people think they know whats wrong with this world, and it also struck me that theyre all wrong. Seriouslyalmost every political and religious group, every opinionated person, every publication with an opinion, has said at one time or another
8、what they think is wrong with this world. So whats really wrong with the world, in my opinion? Not a thing. BIt seems to be a prevailing world-view that the world is messed up, that there are just a few things wrong with it, and if we could only get those things to change, the world would be great.
9、If we could just educate people and get them to realize whats wrong with this world, things could change. CThis type of view of the world stems from an ideal that many people have in their heads of what the world should be like. They might not realize they have that ideal, but its there. And the wor
10、ld will never reach this Platonic ideal, because its just this image of perfection that does not match reality. Reality and this ideal are incompatible. DSo whats wrong with that view? Nothings wrong with it, actually. Thats how most people are, and I dont think I can change that, nor would I want t
11、o. I thought it would be an interesting discussion, though, because I think this discrepancy between what people think the world should be and what the world really is can cause unhappiness. If you want the world to be completely vegetarian and kind to animals, and it isnt and wont be in the foresee
12、able future, you will most likely be unhappy. If you want the world to go back to how it was during your childhood, or during your parents generation, and it isnt likely to do so, youre not going to be happy. The same is true of any of our ideals. Its very possible that the reality of the people in
13、your life dont meet these ideals. That might cause you to be unhappy with them. When reality doesnt meet idealsand it rarely doeswe become unhappy. ESo whats the alternative? Im not proposing that you, or anyone else, change your world-view. If you, or anyone else, are happy with that world-view, do
14、nt change it. But there is an alternative, and Im not saying its better. Its the world-view I try to have: instead of having an ideal, stop looking for perfection. Accept the world as it is, and love it for what it is. Accept people as they are, and love them. FWhat would be the result of this alter
15、native world-view? Well, I think youd be happier, if only because you didnt see the world as a fundamentally flawed or evil place, and began to see the good in the world. This, however, is open to individual interpretation, and your own experience is likely to be different than mine. GDoes this mean
16、 that we should give up on trying to make positive changes in the world? Should we stop trying to make the world a better place? No! Dont ever stop trying to do good things! Even if the world is already, a good place, we can always find happiness and satisfaction in trying to do good, in trying to m
17、ake peoples lives better. HBut what about all the evil and suffering in the world? Should we accept and love that as well? Thats the toughest part, I think. Its hard to accept that people are dying of diseases and famine and war and murder and abuse, and perhaps impossible to love that aspect of the
18、 world. You dont have to love it, but it helps to try to really understand it. Why does this happen? What are the deeper reasons? At the heart of the deepest reasons is humanitywe are all flawed creatures in some way, and thats what makes us human and beautiful. IWhy would someone commit violence, f
19、or example? Because they are evil? There are numerous reasons, but at the heart of it is probably that this person was hurt, abandoned, abused, or neglected in some way, at some point in his life. That person needs our compassion more than anyone. And if we try to understand this person, or understa
20、nd the heart of any violence in the world, then we can better apply the love and compassion thats needed to heal this pain and make the world a better place. JSo lets say that youd like to try this world-view. Youd like to love people, and the entire world, as it is, and not as youd like it to be. H
21、ow do you go about doing that? There are six things I recommend doing. K(1)Stop looking for perfection and ideals. Realize that you have an ideal in your head, and that it is probably incompatible with the world. It might be an ideal about a person, or about how things should be. The world and peopl
22、e are not perfect. Stop looking for perfection, and realize that it is already here. L(2)Observe. Instead of looking at this ideal picture in your head, look at whats really there. What is the world really like? What are people really like? The only way to know this is to observe. Listen to people.
23、Look at the world around you. Gather data, from reality. M(3)Understand. Now that you have this data, start asking questions. Why are people the way they are? Why did someone do what they did? Why does this problem really exist? Dont stop at the first answers you come up withdig deeper, and deeper,
24、until you really understand something. Seek to understand before you judge, in all situations. Sometimes that will require imaginationyou wont be able to really know the root of something unless you personally investigate everything, but instead sometimes you can try to imagine what made a person th
25、e way they are, or a situation what it is. N(4)Accept. Once youve observed and begun to understand, accept that this is the way the world is. This is who the person is. The world isnt going to meet any idealit is what it is, and while it will always change, it probably wont change to meet your ideal
26、. The person in question is exactly the samethey wont meet your ideal, but are who they are. Accept this as fact. O(5)Love and Compassion. Once youve accepted things or people as they are, try to find it in your heart to love them, as they are. The way to do this is to see the good in everything and
27、 everyone, and if youve sought to really look and understand, you will find good in everything. P(6)Enjoy Life. The world is a wonderful place once youve accepted it for what it is and sought to love it. People are wonderful creatures, full of life and creativity and messiness and uniqueness. Accept
28、 this, understand it, love it. And enjoy this gift weve been given, for it is incredible. And perfect, just as it is.（分数：20.00）(1).The prevailing belief is that the world is in a mess and a change of the situation would make the world become better.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).There have been wars, murders a
29、nd abuses due to our humanity.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).The only way to find out what the world is really like is to observe.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).From my point of view, there is nothing wrong with the world.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).We can always find satisfaction in trying to make the world a better place.（分数：2
30、.00）填空项 1:_(6).The alternative world-view I suggest is to stop searching for perfection and accept the world as it is.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).It is ones suffering that contributes to his commitment of violence.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).It is advocated that one should try to understand before making a judgment
31、.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).Perfection is an ideal that the world will never reach because it dos not match reality.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).When there is a discrepancy between ideal and the reality, people are most likely to become depressed.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.Section C_The world is going through the biggest w
32、ave of mergers and acquisitions(收购)ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “Wont the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable a
33、nti-competitive force?“ Theres no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of p
34、roduction in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smalle
35、r economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave .are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barri
36、ers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands. All these, are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the worlds wealth increases. Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to
37、imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could recreate the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as World Com, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a red
38、uction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasingwitness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissanbut it does not appear that consumers are being hurt. Yet the fact remains that the merger movement mus
39、t be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the mega mergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Wont multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation
40、 gets too strict about violation to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition“ on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?（分数：10.00）(1).What is mentioned about the wave of merger and acquisition?（分数：2.00）A.It is warm
41、ly welcomed by the American and European countries.B.It turns to be an uncontrollable anti-competitive force.C.It sweeps the world with unprecedented force.D.It is a new trend in the business world that never appeared before.(2).The author cited the multinationals in Argentina in order to _.（分数：2.00
42、）A.arouse concern over the stability of the world economyB.criticize the overemphasis on the development of multinationalsC.be a contrast to the insufficient concern about smaller national firmsD.illustrate the increasing importance of multinationals in international trades(3).The forces behind the
43、wave of merger and acquisition will result in _.（分数：2.00）A.enhanced marketsB.advantages to customersC.lower trade costD.the initiating of globalization(4).The Standard Oil trust was broken up because _.（分数：2.00）A.the idea of merger was not welcome a century agoB.it became so powerful that it endange
44、red competitionC.it gained only very scanty benefits from the marketD.the U.S. market was not yet used to competition(5).In the last paragraph, the author most probably agrees that_.（分数：2.00）A.mega banking mergers will not appear because of Greenspans warningB.multihationals always try to avoid viol
45、ating fair competitionC.the attitude towards unfair competition varies from nation to nationD.the U.S. shouldnt have sued Microsoft for unfair competitionIt is a common belief that sharp frosts color the autumn leaves. As a matter of fact, such frosts are far more likely to turn leaves black or dull
46、 brown than to give them the gorgeous tints we admire. The coloring of the leaves in the fall is a chemical process that is favored by gradual cooling rather than sudden cold. It is not entirely confined to the autumn. Bright red and yellow leaves are often found on the swamp maple and other trees,
47、even in summer. Through the season of growth the leaves serve as food factories for the trees. In their tiny cells the carbon of the air is combined with materials brought up by the tree fluid from the roots to form the starch, sugar, and other substances by which the whole tree is fed. The food-making process is performed by sunshine with the aid of a substance called chlorophyll.
