1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）-试卷 216及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension_2.Section A_Lack of sleep makes you gain weight and raises your risk for heart disease and diabetes, apart from resulting in 1vision and questionable decision. Researchers have known
2、 for a while that sleep 2tends to lead to overeating. And several studies have suggested that staying up all night or even just cutting back by a couple of hours makes people 3to the calls of fast food, pizza and candy. Short sleep affects hormones that influence hunger, experts say, and the brains
3、reward center becomes 4active, drawing you to the carbs and fat. Researchers dont know the exact point of sleeplessness that 5ones want for pizza or chocolate or other kinds of food. “There are 6individual differences,“ says Jonathan Wisor, a sleep scientist at Washington State University. Recent re
4、search has confirmed that a pattern of insufficient sleep raises your risk for overweight and diabetes, too. Experts suspect that the results could 7to anyone who works long hours or spends a lot of time staring at a smartphonet just before bed, and to people who 8from insomnia or sleep disorder. If
5、 you assume youre safe because study conditions tend to be fairly extreme, you had better think again. People who regularly get less than the 9amount of sleep have been observed to eat 200 to 500 more calories per day than people who do not. Should you 10time for a workout while being in lack of sle
6、ep? No. When you drop below 6.5 or six hours of sleep, you need sleep more than you need to exercise. A)vulnerable B)deprivation C)optimum D)precaution E)squeeze F)triggers G)remarkably H)apply I)suffer J)regularly K)tremendous L)transcends M)blurred N)transient O)recruit（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
7、1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_4.Section B_Five Myths about College Debt AThe trillion-dollar student debt burden has caused many debates about the value of college. Some argue that we educate too many young people. Indeed, average tuition costs have gone up faster than the rate
8、 of inflation. The cost of college today is, in inflation-adjusted terms, roughly double what it was in 1980. This creates legitimate concerns about the continued affordability of a college education. BBut the debaters often have their facts wrong. Very few Americans graduate with $100,000 in debt;
9、college makes more sense today than ever; and no, our universities arent blowing their money to fund college dorms and football stadiums. Myth 1: The financial return for going to college is less now than it used to be. CIf anything, the value of an investment in college is higher now than its ever
10、been. The college premium(the difference between the earnings of college graduates and high school graduates)is at its highest level ever. DIt is true that in the years since the Great Recession, wages for recent college graduates have declined about 5 percent, but wages for those without a college
11、degree have declined more than twice that, between 10 and 12 percent, increasing the college premium. Furthermore, the proportion of recent graduates who have gotten jobs coming out of college has been virtually unchanged from before the recession. In contrast, the employment rate for high school gr
12、aduates and associate-degree holders has dropped by 8 to 10 percent Similarly, throughout the recession, the overall unemployment rate for bachelors degree holders has consistently been half that of non-college graduates. Myth 2: Colleges are not preparing students with the skills needed in the curr
13、ent workplace. EAll of the economic data suggests the exact oppositethat the productivity of U.S. college graduates in the workplace is increasing. The broadest measure of the productivity differential between high school graduates and college graduates is how much employers are willing to pay for t
14、he latter over the former. This is known as the “college premium“, and it has increased steadily since the 1970s. This is not due to a diminished supply of college graduates(indeed, the supply has risen over that period). FThe college premium is larger in the United States than in virtually any othe
15、r economically developed country. Across the 34 countries that make up the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD), employers on average are willing to pay 1.8 times as much for a college graduate as they are for, an unskilled worker. But in the United States, employers pay 2.6 t
16、imes as much for a college graduate. GA recent Milken Institute study found that for each additional year of college attained by the residents of a region, the per capita gross domestic product of the region increases a remarkable 17,4 percent. The authors argue that the increased regional productiv
17、ity is largely the result of the increased productivity of a college-educated workforce.(Interestingly, they do not see a similar jump in productivity for additional education at the high school level.) Myth 3: On average, students are now borrowing $ 1 to pay for their college education. HThis is a
18、 myth, or at the very least misleading, for almost any figure reported in the national press.(Though the reported figures vary, the amount is generally more than $25,000.)There are several reasons for this, principally that the data being reported are generally based on one or another report of outs
19、tanding student loan balances or average debt levels for those with loans. IWhat most people are interested in, and what most people interpret these figures to represent, is how much a typical student must borrow to finance an undergraduate(bachelors)degree. Unfortunately, most figures reported lump
20、 together all student loan debtfor both undergraduate degrees and professional degrees. Furthermore, they report data on the average(mean)debt level among those who borrowed, not the median debt among all students, both those who borrowed and those who did not. JData on debt levels at time of gradua
21、tion is far harder to obtain. The Department of Education periodically gathers this information, but its most recent report only covers those who received bachelors degrees in 2008. Myth 4: College debt is at a crisis level. KCollege debt now exceeds total credit-card debt and total auto loans, both
22、 of which have dropped since the beginning of the recession. It is in fact the only kind of household debt that continued to increase throughout the recession. LThere are three reasons for the increase. First, more students are going to college. Second, a higher percentage of them are borrowing to f
23、inance their education. And third, the amount they are borrowing has increased. Obviously, the first reason is to be applauded. It is in the interest of the students and the nation that more high school graduates go on to college. MThe fact that more students are borrowing more to attend college is
24、the result of several different factors, only partly the increased cost of tuition. Another major factor is a marked decline in college savings. According to Moodys, during the past three years, the proportion of families with any college savings dropped from 60 percent to 50 percent, and those who
25、saved set aside an average of only $11,781, down from $21,615 three years ago(a 45 percent decline). NWhat this means is that more families are substituting debt for college savings. But these are just alternative ways of spreading the cost of college over multiple years. This is certainly no more w
26、orrisome than the switch from buying refrigerators with debt rather than layaway plans. OBut even more important is the fact that college spending is an investment in human capital. The Hamilton Project estimates that a students spending on college has a financial return of over 15 percent, more tha
27、n twice the average return of a stock market investment over the past 60 years. When corporate America increases its debt to invest in physical capitalnew factories, etc.we do not consider it a crisis. It is a positive investment in future productivity. Similarly, when individuals borrow to invest i
28、n their own human capital, this is an investment in future productivity. We should arguably celebrate the fact that college debt, an investment in the future, exceeds credit-card debt, which represents current consumption. Myth 5: College costs are increasing faster than inflation largely because of
29、 wasteful spending on lavish dorms, recreation centers etc. PIn a universitys overall budget, capital costs for “sweetness“(such as recreation centers)constitute a very small fraction of the budget Amortized(分期偿还)over the life of the asset, they may account for a few dollars of the annual tuition bi
30、ll, but not much more. QIronically, one of the main factors pushing up costs at universities is the fact that the college premiumthe wages paid to highly educated employeesis higher than ever. College costs are dominated by employee salaries, and most of these employees(whether faculty, staff or adm
31、inistrators)are themselves highly educated. So the same phenomenon that increases the financial return of going to college for students also increases the cost of attending college!（分数：20.00）(1).Higher college premium accounts for part of the cost increase at universities.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Since t
32、he recession, the employment rate of recent college graduates has almost remained the same.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Some loan figures combine the student debts for bachelors degrees and“ professional degrees.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Taking inflation into consideration, the average college cost today is almost
33、 twice as much as that in 1980.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).There is no need to worry about replacing college savings with debt.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).A regions economic growth can be strongly affected by the increased productivity of a college-educated workforce, according to a study.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).Invest
34、ment in physical capital is quite similar to that in human capital.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).The fact that more high school students enter colleges benefits America.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).In recent years, the proportion of families with any college savings decreased.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).Usually employers are
35、 paying more for a college graduate than an unskilled worker.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.Section C_While the 1970s pop psychotherapy movement focused on the importance of letting anger out, more recent research suggests that theres a smarter, healthier way to react to lifes slings and arrows; with forgiveness
36、. In a recent study, it was found that when individuals were about to forgive, they experienced greater joy, a more profound sense of control over life and less depression. Sound appealing. a)Why holding a grudge(怨恨)can be harmful? Your boyfriend blows you off for an important date. If you stay angr
37、y at him, youll probably get fresh flowers on your doorstep and maybe a fancy meal or two. But grudge-holding only gives us the illusion of power. If you hold on to that anger on a chronic basis, then it has power over you, eating away at your peace of mind and perhaps even your immune system. A stu
38、dy by Kathleen Lawler, Ph. D., a psychology professor at the University of Tennessee, confirms that people who are unable to forgive report more stress in their lives, more illness and more visits to the doctor than do forgiving folk. b)Going from a grudge to forgiveness A few ways to develop your c
39、apacity to turn the other cheekTry writing a daily “forgiveness“ reminder in your journal; it may sound corny(过时的), but its a great way to help gain control over your emotional life. Write a letter to your offender, detailing exactly whats bothering you. Then toss it. Youll feel better, even if your
40、 message never reaches its intended target. What, exactly, makes your blood boil? Forgiveness isnt about swallowing anger or being a doormat(逆来顺受的人). Its not about forgetting, either. On the contrary, its about acknowledging an offence with your eyes wide openand then releasing the anger. That means
41、 conjuring unempathy(不执着)toward the person who hurt you, then focusing on the good parts of your life. c)An act of courage Still not convinced that its worth it to put your energies toward forgiving? Besides the benefits to your psyche and physical health, true forgiveness is a sign of strength and
42、soulfulness. “It takes a lot of moral muscle to forgive,“ says Dr. Witvleit of Hope College in Michigan. The bottom line: Forgiving ultimately benefits the forgiver more than the person who has done wrong. So start putting your own well-being first, and live life with as much interest and love as yo
43、u can.（分数：10.00）(1).Forgiveness has the following advantages except that_.（分数：2.00）A.it enables people to be smarterB.it makes people more cheerfulC.it helps people to be healthierD.it relieves peoples frustration(2).According to the passage, if you keep feeling angry for a long time,_.（分数：2.00）A.th
44、e one who has done wrong will keep sending you presentsB.the one who has done wrong will ultimately apologize to youC.you will have power over the one who has done wrong to youD.you will gradually lose control over your mind and your health(3).The author thinks when one forgives,_（分数：2.00）A.he endur
45、es the offence without complaintsB.he tries his best to forget the bad experienceC.he does not cling to the past but welcomes the bright side of lifeD.he does not carry out revenge but reminds himself of the offence(4).Dr. Witvleit thinks to forgive _.（分数：2.00）A.benefits ones physical healthB.benefi
46、ts ones mental healthC.costs ones time and energyD.shows ones spiritual virtue(5).The author most probably wants to _.（分数：2.00）A.inform the readerB.instruct the readerC.compare two ways of treating angerD.focus on the advantage of forgivingOne of the biggest changes since 1990 is the degree to which
47、 bioterrorism has become a public health priority. Although there had long been concern about vulnerability to biowarfare and bioterrorism, the anthrax episode in the fall of 2001 made it clear that the concern is no longer theoretical. Until very recently, the important role of public health at the frontlines of bioterrorism preparedness was unrecognized. Although concern about emerging infections has helpe
