1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）-试卷 212及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension_2.Section A_People who spend a lot of time surfing the Internet are more likely to show signs of depression, British scientists said on Wednesday. But it is not clear whether the Int
2、ernet causes depression or whether depressed people are 1to it. Psychologists from Leeds University found what they said was “striking“ evidence that some net users develop 2Internet habits in which they replace real life social interaction with online chat rooms and social networking sites. “This s
3、tudy 3the public speculation that over-engaging in websites that serve to replace normal social function might be linked to psychological disorders like depression and addiction,“ the studys lead author, Catriona Morrison, wrote in the journal Psychopathology. “This type of addictive surfing can 4im
4、pact the mental health.“ In the first large-scale study of Western young people to look at this 5, the researchers analyzed Internet use and depression levels of 1,319 Britons aged between 16 and 51. Of these, 1.2 percent were “Internet addicted“, they concluded. These “Internet addicts“ spent 6more
5、 time browsing sexually pleasing websites, online gaming sites and online 7, Morrison said. They also had a higher incidence of moderate to 8depression than normal users. “Excessive Internet use is 9with depression, but what we dont know is which comes first are depressed people drawn to the Interne
6、t or does the Internet cause depression?“ Morrison said. “What is clear is that for a small set of people, excessive use of the Internet could be a warning 10for depressive tendencies. “ A)associated B)gravely C)quantitatively D)reinforces E)signal F)dividends G)drawn H)issue I)evaluates J)communiti
7、es K)severe L)sunk M)proportionately N)reckless O)compulsive（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_4.Section B_The History of Chinese Americans AChinese have been in the United States for almost two hundred years. In fact, the Chinese had business relations w
8、ith Hawaii prior to relations with the mainland when Hawaii was not yet part of the United States. But United States investments controlled the capital of Hawaii at that time. In 1788, a ship sailed from Guangzhou to Hawaii. Most of the crewmen were Chinese. They were considered the pioneers of Hawa
9、ii. The Immigration Commission reported that the first Chinese arrived in the United States in 1820, eight in 1830 and seven hundred and eighty in 1850. The Chinese population gradually increased and reached 64,199 in 1870. BFor many years it was common in the United States to associate Chinese Amer
10、icans with restaurants and laundries. People did not realize that the Chinese had been driven into these occupations by the prejudice and discrimination that faced them in this country. CThe first Chinese to reach the mainland United States came during the California Gold Rush of 1849. Like most of
11、the other people there, they had come to search for gold. In that largely unoccupied land, the men staked a claim for themselves by placing markers in the ground. However, either because the Chinese were so different from the others or because they worked so patiently that they sometimes succeeded i
12、n turning a seemingly worthless mining claim into a profitable one, they became the scapegoats of their envious competitors. They were harassed in many ways. Often they were prevented from working their claims; some localities even passed regulations forbidding them to own claims. DThe Chinese there
13、fore started to seek out other ways of earning a living. Some of them began to do the laundry for the white miners; others set up small restaurants.(There were almost no women in California in those days, and the Chinese filled a real need by doing this “womans work“.)Some went to work as farmhands
14、or as fishermen. EIn the early 1860s many more Chinese arrived in California. This time the men were imported as work crews to construct the first transcontinental railroad. They were sorely needed because the work was so strenuous and dangerous, and it was carried on in such a remote part of the co
15、untry that the railroad company could not find other laborers for the job. As in the case of their predecessors, these Chinese were almost all males; and like them, too, they encountered a great deal of prejudice. FThe hostility grew especially strong after the railroad project was complete, and the
16、 imported laborers returned to Californiathousands of them, all out of work. Because there were so many more of them this time, these Chinese drew even more attention than the earlier group did. They were so very different in every respect: in their physical appearance, including a long “pigtail“ at
17、 the back of their otherwise shaved heads; in the strange, non-Western clothes they wore; in their speech(few had learned English since they planned to go back to China); and in their religion. They were contemptuously called “heathen Chinese“ because there were many sacred images in their houses of
18、 worship. GWhen times were hard, they were blamed for working for lower wages and taking jobs away from white men, who were in many cases recent immigrants themselves. Anti-Chinese riots broke out in several cities, culminating in arson and bloodshed. Chinese were barred from using the courts and al
19、so from becoming American citizens. Californians began to demand that no more Chinese be permitted to enter their state. Finally, in 1882, they persuaded Congress to pass the Chinese Exclusion Act, which stopped the immigration of Chinese laborers. Many Chinese returned to their homeland, and their
20、numbers declined sharply in the early part of this century. HHowever, during the World War n, when China was an ally of the United States, the Exclusion laws were ended; a small number of Chinese were allowed to immigrate each year, and Chinese could become American citizens. In 1965, in a general r
21、evision of our immigration laws, many more Chinese were permitted to settle here, as discrimination against Asian immigration was abolished. IFrom the start, the Chinese had lived apart in their own separate neighborhoods, which came to be known as “Chinatowns“. In each of them the residents organiz
22、ed an unofficial government to make rules for the community and to settle disputes. Unable to find jobs on the outside, many went into business for themselvesprimarily to serve their own neighborhood. As for laundries and restaurants, some of them soon spread to other parts of the city, since such s
23、ervices continued to be in demand among non-Chinese, too. To this day, certain Chinatowns, especially those of San Francisco and New York, are busy, thriving communities, which have become great attractions for tourists and for those who enjoy Chinese food. JMost of todays Chinese Americans are the
24、descendants of some of the early miners and railroad workers. Those immigrants had come from the vicinity of Canton in Southeast China, where they had been uneducated farm laborers. The same kind of young men, from the same area and from similar humble origins, migrated to Hawaii in those days. Ther
25、e they fared far better, mainly because they did not encounter hostility. Some married native Hawaiians, and other brought their wives and children over. They were not restricted to Chinatown and many of them soon became successful merchants and active participants in general community affairs. KChi
26、nese Americans retain many aspects of their ancient culture, even after having lived here for several generations. For Example, their family ties continue to be remarkably strong(encompassing grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins, and others). Members of the family lend each other moral support and a
27、lso practical help when necessary. From a very young age children are imbued with the old values and attitudes, including respect for their elders and a feeling of responsibility to the family. This helps to explain why there is so little juvenile delinquency(少年犯罪)among them. LThe high regard for ed
28、ucation which is deeply imbedded in Chinese culture, and the willingness to work very hard to gain advancement, are other noteworthy characteristics of theirs. This explains why so many descendants of uneducated laborers have succeeded in becoming doctors, lawyers, and other professionals.(Many of t
29、he most outstanding Chinese American scholars, scientists, and artists are more recent arrivals, who come from Chinas former upper class and who represent its high cultural traditions.) MChinese Americans make up only a tiny fraction of our population; there are fewer than half a million, living chi
30、efly in California, New York, and Hawaii. As American attitudes toward minorities and toward ethnic differences have changed in recent years, the long-reviled Chinese have gained wide acceptance. Today, they are generally admired for their many remarkable characteristics, and are often held up as an
31、 example worth following. And their numerous contributions to their adopted land are much appreciated.（分数：20.00）(1).The old values and attitudes imparted into the young Chinese Americans effectively help prevent juvenile delinquency.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).The construction of the transcontinental railro
32、ad was so tough and dangerous that a lot more Chinese laborers were imported to California to work as railroad builders.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).At first, the Chinese lived in separate neighborhoods and made their own rules to solve disagreement.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).The first Chinese arrived at the US in
33、the hope of searching for gold.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Chinese immigrants to Hawaii were treated without hostility, some of whom even became successful businessmen and actively participated in community affairs.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).Most Chinese Americans worked in restaurants and laundries because of loc
34、al peoples discrimination against them.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).The descendants of illiterate laborers have become successful in many professions partly because of the influence of Chinese culture which places great emphasis on education.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).Few Chinese learned English at that time becaus
35、e they wouldnt stay in America for long.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).The contributions made by Chinese to America had gained much appreciation.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).The laws which barred the immigration of Chinese laborers came to an end when America allied with China.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.Section C_A study publi
36、shed in the New England Journal of Medicine estimated that there are an average of 30 in-flight medical emergencies on U.S. flights every day. Most of them are not grave; fainting, dizziness and hyperventilation(换气过度)are the most frequent complaints. But 13% of themroughly four a dayare serious enou
37、gh to require a pilot to change course. The most common of the serious emergencies include heart trouble(46%), strokes and other neurological problems(18%), and difficult breathing(6%). Lets face it: plane riders are stressful. For starters, cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly what
38、they would be if you lived at 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level. Most people can tolerate these pressures pretty easily, but passengers with heart disease may experience chest pains as a result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood. Low pressure can also cause the air in body
39、 cavities to expandas much as 30%. Again, most people wont notice anything beyond mild stomach cramping. But if youve recently had an operation, your wound could open. And if a medical device has been implanted in your bodya splint, a tracheotomy(气管切开术)tube or a catheter(导管)it could expand and cause
40、 injury. Another common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis(深静脉血栓)the so-called economy-class syndrome. When you sit too long in a cramped position, the blood in our legs tends to clot. Most people just get sore calves. But blood clots, left untreated, could travel to the lungs, causing brea
41、thing difficulties and even death. Such clots are readily prevented by keeping blood flowing; walk and stretch your legs when possible. Whatever you do, dont panic. Things are looking up on the in-flight-emergency front. Doctors who come to passengers aid used to worry about getting sued; their fear
42、s have lifted somewhat since the 1998 Aviation Medical Assistance Act gave them “good Samaritan“ protection. And thanks to more recent legislation, flights with at least one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits with automated defibrillators(电击去颤器)to treat heart attacks. Are you s
43、till wondering if you are healthy enough to fly? If you can walk 150 ft. or climb a flight of stairs without getting winded, youll probably do just fine. Having a doctor close by doesnt hurt, either.（分数：10.00）(1).Heart disease takes up about _ of the in-flight medical emergencies on US flights.（分数：2
44、.00）A.13%B.46%C.18%D.6%(2).According to the passage, the expansion of air in body cavities can result in _.（分数：2.00）A.heart attackB.chest painC.stomach crampingD.difficult breathing(3).According to the passage, why does deep venous thrombosis usually happen?（分数：2.00）A.Because the economy class is no
45、t spacious enough.B.Because there are too many economy-class passengers.C.Because passengers are not allowed to walk during the flight.D.Because the low pressure in the cabin prevents blood flowing smoothly.(4).According to the 1998 Aviation Medical Assistance Act, Doctors who came to passengers aid
46、 _.（分数：2.00）A.do not have to be worried even if they give the patients improper treatmentB.will not be submitted to legal responsibility even if the patients didnt recoverC.are assisted by advanced emergency medical kitsD.will be greatly respected by the patient and the crew(5).The phrase “getting w
47、inded“(Line 2, Para. 5)is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.falling overB.being out of breathC.spraining the ankleD.moving in a curving lineTeenagers are spending more money than ever. Just last year, 31.6 million teens spent 155 billion, according to the Northbrook, Illinois-based market research group Teenage Research Unlimited. Much of that money, of course, comes from parents. Shocked at how much money kids spend? Maybe you
